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Medical Terminology 101 > Ch.5 Part 2 > Flashcards

Ch.5 Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

Blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension

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2
Q

anemia

A

A lower-than-normal number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood.

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3
Q

aneurysm

A

weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery.

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4
Q

angina

A

severe chest pain because not enough blood get to the heart muscles

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5
Q

angioplasty

A

widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel

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6
Q

anticoagulant

A

Medication that slows coagulation and prevents further blood clots

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7
Q

aplastic anemia

A

loss of all blood components because of bone marrow issue

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8
Q

arrhythmia

A

loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

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9
Q

atherectomy

A

Surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior lining of an artery

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10
Q

atheroma

A

A deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall

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11
Q

atherosclerosis

A

Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries

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12
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

rapid, uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall.

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13
Q

automated external defibrillator

A

Electronic equipment that automatically samples the heart’s electrical rhythms and when necessary, externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm.

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14
Q

beta-blocker

A

reduces rate of the heartbeat

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15
Q

blood dyscrasia

A

Blood disease

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16
Q

bradycardia

A

abnormally slow resting heart rate

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17
Q

cardiac arrest

A

event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively

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18
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

procedure where a catheter is passed into a vein or an artery and is guided into the heart

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19
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle

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20
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain

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21
Q

cholesterol

A

fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body.

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22
Q

chronic venous insufficiency

A

poor venous circulation because of blockage or leak

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23
Q

coronary artery disease

A

Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to the heart muscle

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24
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

Damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

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25
Q

defibrillation

A

use of electrical shock to restore the heart’s normal rhythm; also known as cardioversion

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26
Q

diuretic

A

kidney simulative to increase secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water

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27
Q

electrocardiogram

A

A record of the electrical activity of the myocardium.

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28
Q

embolism

A

The sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus.

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29
Q

embolus

A

A foreign object, that is circulating in the blood

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30
Q

endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.

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31
Q

erythrocytes

A

Mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow.

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32
Q

hemoglobin

A

The oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythocytes.

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33
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

anemia caused by spleen destruction

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34
Q

hemostasis

A

To stop or control bleeding.

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35
Q

leukemia

A

blood cancer where white blood cells are over produced

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36
Q

leukocytes

A

White blood cells that are involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances.

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37
Q

leukopenia

A

too little white blood cells

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38
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

red blood cells are larger than normal.

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39
Q

myelodysplastic syndrome

A

cancer where bone marrow is unable to produce a type or several types of blood cells

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40
Q

myocardial infarction

A

occlusion (blockage) of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup; commonly known as a heart attack

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41
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

Low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up; also known as postural hypotension

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42
Q

pericardium

A

double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.

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43
Q

pernicious anemia

A

caused by a lack of the protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 , which is necessary for the formation of red blood cells

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44
Q

phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein.

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45
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress.

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46
Q

sepsis

A

bacterial infection in the blood stream, could cause death

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47
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, some blood cells have a sickle shape that could interfere with bloodflow.

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48
Q

tachycardia

A

An abnormally rapid resting heart rate.

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49
Q

temporal arteritis

A

A form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment, jaw pain, and other symptoms.

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50
Q

thallium stress test

A

A diagnostic test performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise.

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51
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

A condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood.

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52
Q

thrombolytic

A

Medication that dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up; also known as a clot-busting drug.

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53
Q

thrombosis

A

The abnormal condition of having a thrombus.

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54
Q

thrombotic occlusion

A

The blocking of an artery by a thrombus.

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55
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or an artery.

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56
Q

transfusion reaction

A

serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match.

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57
Q

valvulitis

A

Inflammation of a heart valve.

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58
Q

varicose veins

A

Abnormally swollen veins, usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs.

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59
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

The rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles.

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60
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles.

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61
Q

Congenital heart defects

A

heart birth defects

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62
Q

Congenital

A

present at birth

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63
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle

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64
Q

End-stage coronary artery disease

A

unrelenting angina pain and a severely limited lifestyle

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65
Q

coronary heart disease

A

aka coronary artery disease, ischemic heart disease

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66
Q

hardening and narrowing of the arteries because of plaque

A

atherosclerosis

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67
Q

Occlusion

A

Blockage, normally related to blood vessels

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68
Q

opening within vessels through which the blood flows

A

lumen

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69
Q

deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall

A

atheroma

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70
Q

insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues because of restricted blood flow

A

ischemia

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71
Q

lack of oxygen to heart tissue

A

cardiac ischemia

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72
Q

severe episodes of chest pain occur because of lack of blood flow to heart muscles

A

angina pectoris

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73
Q

angina that occurs when exercising, and resolves with rest

A

Stable angina

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74
Q

angina that occurs during rest

A

Unstable angina

75
Q

sudden lack of blood supply

A

infarction

76
Q

heart attack

A

myocardial infarction

77
Q

area of dead tissue cased by lack of blood supply

A

infarct

78
Q

Backed up fluid

A

Congestion

79
Q

when the heart is unable to pump out as much as it receives, typically in old people

A

congestive heart failure

80
Q

state of which heart increases in size to make up for its decreasing pumping action

A

Cardiomegaly

81
Q

when the heart can’t pump out blood away from lungs

A

Left-sided heart failure

82
Q

backup of fluid in lungs

A

pulmonary edema

83
Q

fluid buildup throughout the rest of the body

A

Right-sided heart failure, normally caused by left-sided heart failure

84
Q

inflation of the heart

A

Carditis

85
Q

Inflation of the interlining of heart

A

Endocarditis

86
Q

inflation of the inside of the heart caused by bacteria

A

Bacterial endocarditis

87
Q

inflammation of the pericardium

A

Pericarditis

88
Q

inflation of heart muscles

A

Myocarditis

89
Q

Diseases of the heart muscle

A

Cardiomyopathy

90
Q

When the heart is enlarged and pumps less strongly

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

91
Q

abnormal blowing or clicking sound heard in the heart

A

heart murmur

92
Q

inflammation of a heart valve

A

Valvulitis

93
Q

abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely

A

Valvular prolapse

94
Q

narrowing, hardening of a valve

A

Valvular stenosis

95
Q

is the complete lack of electrical activity in the heart

A

Asystole

96
Q

heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia

A

Cardiac arrest

97
Q

when cardiac arrest symptoms are not treated

A

Sudden cardiac death

98
Q

electrical signal moving through the heart being partially or completely blocked from reaching the ventricles

A

Heart block

99
Q

episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate at or above the atrioventricular (AV) node

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

100
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

aka V-tach, rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles

101
Q

fibrillation

A

potentially life-threatening fast and irregular heartbeat

102
Q

Most common type of tachycardia, occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall

A

Atrial fibrillation

103
Q

Palpitation

A

pounding or racing heartbeat with or without irregularity in rhythm

104
Q

rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles

A

Ventricular fibrillation

105
Q

Vasculitis

A

inflation of blood vessel

106
Q

Polyarteritis

A

form of vasculitis involving several medium and small arteries at the same time

107
Q

form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment, jaw pain, and other symptoms

A

Temporal arteritis

108
Q

Angiostenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel

109
Q

hemangioma

A

benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels

110
Q

Hypoperfusion

A

deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part

111
Q

Perfusion

A

flow of blood through the vessels of an organ

112
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

any of a group of diseases characterized by thickening and the loss of elasticity of arterial walls

113
Q

Chronic venous insufficiency

A

a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or to the leakage of venous valves

114
Q

Phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

115
Q

blocking of an artery because of a thrombus

A

thrombotic occlusion

116
Q

thrombus in a deep vain

A

Deep vein thrombosis

117
Q

disorders of blood vessels that are located outside of the heart and brain

A

Peripheral vascular diseases

118
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

when the body absorbs too much iron, and it damages organs

119
Q

Polycythemia

A

abnormal increase in the number of red cells in the blood due to excess production of these cells by the bone marrow

120
Q

a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood

A

Thrombocytopenia

121
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood

122
Q

transfusion reaction

A

serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match

123
Q

Iron-deficiency anemia

A

anemia caused by lack of iron in diet or bleeding.

124
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

caused by a lack of the protein intrinsic factor (IF) that helps the body absorb vitamin

125
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

is characterized by an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen (hem/o means relating to blood, and -lytic means to destroy). Hemolytic means pertaining to hemolysis, the breaking down of red blood cells. Although hemolytic anemia can be inherited or acquired, the most common examples are two types that are hereditary: sickle cell anemia and thalassemia.

126
Q

Thalassemia

A

inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than normal.

127
Q

Essential hypertension

A

hypertension of unknown cause

128
Q

Secondary hypertension

A

caused by another issue

129
Q

Malignant hypertension

A

severely high hypertension

130
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

low highblood pressure when standing up

131
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and then guided into the hear

132
Q

Digital subtraction angiography

A

uses computer assistance angiography to help see certain areas in the cardiovascular system by separating bones and tissue

133
Q

Duplex ultrasound

A

ultrasound that is used to see blood and blood vessel activity

134
Q

Venography

A

radiographic test that provides an image of specific veins after a contrast dye is injected

135
Q

Holter monitor

A

portable electrocardiograph that is used to monitor heart rates and heart rhythms

136
Q

thallium stress test

A

thallium is the contrast medium to show how blood pumps through the coronary arteries

137
Q

antihypertensive

A

medication administered to lower blood pressure

138
Q

Calcium channel blocker agents

A

blood vessels relax by decreasing the movement of calcium into the cells of these structures.

139
Q

Coumadin

A

warfarin, is anticoagulant

140
Q

Heparin

A

works faster than coumadin, but needs to be injected

141
Q

Aspirin

A

taken to prevent clotting

142
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

high cholesterol

143
Q

Digitalis

A

used to treat arrhythmia and some heart conditions, make heart contraction slower and harder, and eliminates fluids from the body

144
Q

thrombolytic

A

clot busting drug

145
Q

Tissue plasminogen activator

A

thrombolytic that is given to heart attack or stroke victim.

146
Q

vasoconstrictor

A

causes blood vessels to narrow

147
Q

vasodilator

A

causes blood vessels to expand

148
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

vasodilator that is prescribed to prevent or relieve the pain of angina by dilating the blood vessels to the heart

149
Q

Cardiopulmonary bypass

A

device sometimes used to maintain the circulation of blood and oxygen to the body during surgery

150
Q

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

A

procedure in which a small balloon on the end of a catheter is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen

151
Q

Laser angioplasty

A

involves a laser on the end of a catheter, which uses beams of light to remove the plaque deposit. It can be used separately or in conjunction with PTCA.

152
Q

stent

A

wire-mesh tube that is commonly placed after the artery has been opened

153
Q

Restenosis

A

when an artery that has been opened by angioplasty closes again

154
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain

155
Q

Coronary artery bypass graft

A

piece of vein from the leg or chest is implanted on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery and to improve the flow of blood to the heart

156
Q

minimally invasive coronary artery bypass

A

procedure is performed with the aid of a fiber-optic camera through small openings between the ribs

157
Q

artificial pacemaker

A

This electronic device can be attached externally or implanted under the skin with connections leading into the heart to regulate the heartbeat

158
Q

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

A

double-action pacemaker

159
Q

Cardiac ablation

A

procedure that uses radio-frequency energy (heat) or cryoablation (extreme cold) to scar or destroy the heart tissue triggering an abnormal heart rhythm

160
Q

Valvuloplasty

A

surgical repair of a heart valve

161
Q

Heart valve replacement

A

surgery to replace one of the heart’s four valves

162
Q

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement

A

fully collapsible replacement valve is delivered to the valve site through a catheter, and after it is expanded within the defective valve, it takes over the function of the valve

163
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

CPR

164
Q

Compression-only resuscitation

A

can be effective in keeping a patient suffering from cardiac arrest alive until professional responders arrive

165
Q

aneurysmectomy

A

surgical removal of an aneurysm

166
Q

aneurysmorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of an aneurysm

167
Q

Aneurysm clipping

A

surgical method to isolate an aneurysm from the rest of the circulatory system by placing a small clip across its neck

168
Q

arteriectomy

A

surgical removal of part of an artery

169
Q

Plasmapheresis

A

the removal of whole blood from the body and separation of the blood’s cellular elements

170
Q

A-fib

A

arterial fibrillation

171
Q

AED

A

automated external defibrillator

172
Q

ICD

A

implantable cardioverter–defibrillator

173
Q

card cath, CC

A

cardiac catheterization

174
Q

CVI

A

chronic venous insufficiency

175
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

176
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

177
Q

EKG, ECG

A

electrocardiogram

178
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

179
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

180
Q

PAD

A

peripheral artery disease

181
Q

PVD

A

peripheral vascular disease

182
Q

TST

A

thallium stress test

183
Q

tPA

A

tissue plasminogen activator

184
Q

V-fib

A

ventricular fibrillation

Medical Terminology 101 (20 decks)

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