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Medical Terminology 101 > Ch.12 Integumentary System > Flashcards

Ch.12 Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

Albin/o

A

White

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2
Q

Cyan/o

A

Blue

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3
Q

Eryth/o

A

Red

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4
Q

Luek/o

A

White

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5
Q

Melan/o

A

Black/Dark Pigment

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6
Q

Xanth/o

A

yellow

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7
Q

Myc/o

A

Fungus

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8
Q

Crypt/o

A

Hidden

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9
Q

Derm/a

A

Skin

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10
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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11
Q

Tic

A

pertaining to

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12
Q

Lysis

A

Breakdown/destruction

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13
Q

Para

A

beside/near

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14
Q

cutane/o

A

Skin

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15
Q

hidr/o

A

Sweat

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16
Q

hirsut/o

A

Hairy or rough

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17
Q

kerat/o

A

Horny or hard

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18
Q

lip/o

A

Fat, lipid

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19
Q

onych/o

A

Fingernails or toenails

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20
Q

pil/i

A

hair

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21
Q

py/o

A

Pus

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22
Q

rhytid/o

A

Wrinkle

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23
Q

seb/o

A

Sebum

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24
Q

urtic/o

A

Rash, hives

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25
Q

xer/o

A

Dry

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26
Q

actinic keratosis

A

precancerous skin lesion that occurs on sun-damaged skin

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27
Q

albinism

A

genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises due to a missing enzyme necessary for the production of melanin

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28
Q

alopecia

A

partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp; also known as baldness

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29
Q

blepharoplasty

A

Surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing sagging skin; also known as a lid lift

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30
Q

bulla

A

large blister that is usually more than 0.5 cm in diameter; plural, bullae

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31
Q

capillary hemangioma

A

soft, raised, pink or red vascular birthmark

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32
Q

carbuncle

A

A cluster of connected furuncles

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33
Q

cellulitis

A

acute, rapidly spreading infection within the connective tissues

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34
Q

chloasma

A

pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face; also known as melasma or the mask of pregnancy

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35
Q

cicatrix

A

normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound; plural, cicatrices

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36
Q

comedo

A

noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle; also known as a blackhead; plural, comedones

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37
Q

debridement

A

removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and promote healing

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38
Q

dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin

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39
Q

diaphoresis

A

Profuse, but not necessarily excessive, sweating

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40
Q

dysplastic nevi

A

Atypical moles that may develop into skin cancer

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41
Q

ecchymosis

A

large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin; plural, ecchymoses

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42
Q

eczema

A

form of persistent or recurring dermatitis characterized by redness, itching, and dryness with possible blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding

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43
Q

erythema

A

Redness of the skin due to capillary dilation

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44
Q

erythroderma

A

Abnormal redness of the entire skin surface

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45
Q

exanthem

A

Refers to a widespread rash, usually in children

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46
Q

exfoliative dermatitis

A

condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin, often with pruritus, erythroderma, and hair loss

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47
Q

folliculitis

A

Inflammation of the hair follicles that is especially common on the limbs and in the beard area on men

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48
Q

furuncles

A

Large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands; also known as boils

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49
Q

granuloma

A

small knotlike swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis

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50
Q

hematoma

A

swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues

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51
Q

hirsutism

A

Excessive bodily and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern

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52
Q

ichthyosis

A

group of hereditary disorders characterized by dry, thickened, scaly skin

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53
Q

impetigo

A

highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture

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54
Q

keloid

A

An abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision

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55
Q

keratosis

A

Any skin growth, such as a wart or callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin; plural, keratoses

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56
Q

koilonychia

A

malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon; also known as spoon nail

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57
Q

lipedema

A

chronic abnormal condition, usually in women, that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs

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58
Q

lipoma

A

benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer

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59
Q

macule

A

discolored, flat spot, such as a freckle, that is less than 1 cm in diameter

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60
Q

malignant melanoma

A

type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes

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61
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

severe infection caused by Group A strepbacteria that enters the body through a wound. If untreated, the infected body tissue can be destroyed and the illness may be fatal; also known as flesh-eating bacteria

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62
Q

onychocryptosis

A

Ingrown toenail in which the edges of a toenail curve inward and cut into the skin

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63
Q

onychomycosis

A

fungal infection of the nail

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64
Q

papilloma

A

benign, superficial, wartlike growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder

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65
Q

papule

A

small, raised, red lesion, such as an insect bite, that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter

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66
Q

paronychia

A

acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail

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67
Q

pediculosis

A

An infestation with lice

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68
Q

petechiae

A

Small pinpoint hemorrhages less than 2 mm in diameter; singular, petechia

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69
Q

pruritus

A

Itching associated with most forms of dermatitis

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70
Q

psoriasis

A

common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks

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71
Q

purpura

A

appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin

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72
Q

purulent

A

Producing or containing pus.

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73
Q

rhytidectomy

A

surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face for the elimination of wrinkles; also known as a facelift.

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74
Q

rosacea

A

chronic condition of unknown cause, characterized by tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels

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75
Q

scabies

A

skin infection caused by an infestation of itch mites that cause small, itchy bumps and blisters by burrowing into the top layer of human skin to lay their eggs

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76
Q

scleroderma

A

autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened

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77
Q

seborrhea

A

Overactivity of the sebaceous glands that results in the production of an excessive amount of sebum

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78
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium; however, it can quickly spread to other body systems

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79
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk. This condition also attacks the connective tissue in other body systems, especially in the joints

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80
Q

tinea

A

fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails; also known as ringworm

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81
Q

urticaria

A

Itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction; also known as hives

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82
Q

verrucae

A

Small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus; also known as warts; singular, verruca

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83
Q

vitiligo

A

skin condition resulting from the destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes and causing irregular patches of white skin

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84
Q

wheal

A

small bump that itches and can appear as a symptom of an allergic reaction; a welt

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85
Q

xeroderma

A

Excessively dry skin; also known as xerosis

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86
Q

BCC

A

basal cell carcinoma

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87
Q

cauterization

A

caut

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88
Q

eczema

A

Ecz, Ez

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89
Q

incision and drainage; irrigation and debridement

A

I & D

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90
Q

malignant melanoma

A

MM

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91
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

NF

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92
Q

photodynamic therapy

A

PDT

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93
Q

psoriasis

A

Ps

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94
Q

scleroderma

A

SCD

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95
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

SCC

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96
Q

subcutaneous

A

SC, subq

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97
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

SLE

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98
Q

Acne vulgaris

A

commonly known as acne, is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin caused by an overproduction of sebum around the hair shaft. Although often triggered by hormones in puberty and adolescence, it also occurs in adults. Vulgaris is a Latin term meaning common

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99
Q

comedo

A

is a noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle often associated with acne vulgaris (plural, comedones). A comedo with an obstructed opening is called a whitehead (a closed comedo). A sebum plug that is exposed to air often oxidizes and becomes a blackhead (an open comedo)

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100
Q

epidermoid cyst

A

often referred to as a sebaceous cyst is a closed sac that is found just under the skin. These cysts contain yellow, fatty material and are usually found on the face, neck, or trunk

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101
Q

Seborrhea

A

is overactivity of the sebaceous glands that results in the production of an excessive amount of sebum

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102
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis

A

s an inflammation sometimes resulting from seborrhea that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp. Extensive dandruff is a form of seborrheic dermatitis, as is the scalp rash in infants known as cradle cap. In contrast, mild dandruff is usually caused by a yeast-like fungus on the scalp

103
Q

seborrheic keratosis

A

a benign skin growth that has a waxy or “pasted-on” look. These growths, which can vary in color from light tan to black, occur most commonly in the elderly

104
Q

Anhidrosis

A

is the abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat ( an- means without, hidr means sweat, and -osis means abnormal condition

105
Q

Diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating ( dia- means through or complete, phor means movement, and -esis means abnormal condition). This is a normal condition when brought on by heat or exertion but can also be the body’s response to emotional or physical distress

106
Q

Heat rash

A

also known as prickly heat, is an intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead cells

107
Q

Hyperhidrosis

A

a condition of excessive sweating in one area or over the whole body

108
Q

Sleep hyperhidrosis

A

commonly known as night sweats, is the occurrence of hyperhidrosis during sleep. There are many potential causes of this condition, including menopause, certain medications, and some infectious diseases

109
Q

Folliculitis

A

an inflammation of the hair follicles ( follicul means the hair follicle, and -itis means inflammation). This condition is especially common on arms, legs, and in the beard area of men. One of the causes of folliculitis is a bacterium found in poorly chlorinated hot tubs or whirlpools. This leads to a condition called hot tub folliculitis

110
Q

Trichomycosis axillaris

A

is a superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extensive sweat glands, such as the armpits ( trich/o means hair, myc means fungus, and -osis means abnormal condition). Axillaris is Latin for axillary ( axill means armpit, and -ary means pertaining to)

111
Q

Hirsutism

A

is the presence of excessive body and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern ( hirsut means hairy, and -ism means condition). This condition can be hereditary or caused by a hormonal imbalance

112
Q

Alopecia

A

also known as baldness, is the partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp ( alopec means baldness, and -ia means condition)

113
Q

Alopecia areata

A

is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles, causing well-defined bald areas on the scalp or elsewhere on the body (Figure 12.4). This condition often begins in childhood. Areata means occurring in patches

114
Q

Alopecia totalis

A

is an uncommon condition characterized by the loss of all the hair on the scalp

115
Q

Alopecia universalis

A

is the total loss of hair on all parts of the body. Universalis means total

116
Q

Androgenic alopecia

A

is the most common type of hair loss. Androgenic means referring to androgens, the hormones involved in the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics

117
Q

male pattern baldness

A

with the hairline receding from the front to the back until only a horseshoe-shaped area of hair remains in the back and at the temples

118
Q

female pattern baldness

A

When it occurs in women it is called female pattern baldness, and is characterized by the hair thinning in the front and on the sides of the scalp and sometimes on the crown. This condition rarely leads to total hair loss

119
Q

Clubbing

A

the abnormal curving of the nails that is often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips. This condition can be hereditary but is usually caused by changes associated with oxygen deficiencies related to coronary or pulmonary diseases such as lung cancer

120
Q

Koilonychia

A

also known as spoon nail, is a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon ( koil means hollow or concave, onych means fingernail or toenail, and -ia means condition). This condition is often an indication of iron-deficiency anemia

121
Q

Onychia

A

also known as onychitis, is an inflammation of the bed of the nail that often results in the loss of the nail

122
Q

Onychocryptosis

A

commonly known as an ingrown toenail ( onych/o means fingernail or toenail, crypt means hidden, and -osis means abnormal condition). The edges of a toenail, usually on the big toe, curve inward and cut into the skin. The affected area is prone to inflammation or infection

123
Q

Onychomycosis

A

is a fungal infection of the nail ( onych/o means fingernail or toenail, myc means fungus, and -osis means abnormal condition). Depending on the type of fungus involved, this condition can cause the nails to turn white, yellow, green, or black and to become thick or brittle

124
Q

Paronychia

A

is an acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail ( par- means near, onych means fingernail or toenail, and -ia means condition)

125
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A

is a condition where one or more areas of the skin develop dark, wart-like patches. This can be a sign of a disease such as cancer or type 2 diabetes or a reaction to a medication

126
Q

Age spots

A

also known as solar lentigines or liver spots, are discolorations caused by sun exposure. Although harmless, these spots sometimes resemble skin cancer growths

127
Q

Albinism

A

a genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eyes ( albin means white, and -ism means condition). This condition is the result of a missing enzyme that is necessary for the production of melanin. A person with this condition is known as an albino

128
Q

Chloasma

A

also known as melasma or the mask of pregnancy, is a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face. This can occur during pregnancy, especially among women with dark hair and fair skin, and usually disappears after delivery

129
Q

Vitiligo

A

is a skin condition resulting from the destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes. Vitiligo causes irregular patches of white skin, a process known as depigmentation. Hair growing in an affected area may also turn white

130
Q

contusion

A

an injury to underlying tissues without breaking the skin and is characterized by discoloration and pain ( contus means bruise, and -ion means condition). This discoloration is caused by an accumulation of blood within the skin

131
Q

ecchymosis

A

commonly known as a bruise, is a large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin ( ecchym means pouring out of juice, and -osis means abnormal condition) (Figure 12.5). The plural form is ecchymoses

132
Q

Purpura

A

is the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin ( purpur means purple, and -a is a noun ending). These areas of discoloration are smaller than an ecchymosis and larger than petechiae

133
Q

Petechiae

A

are very small, pinpoint hemorrhages that are less than 2 mm in diameter (singular, petechia). These hemorrhages sometimes result from high fevers

134
Q

hematoma

A

which is usually caused by an injury, is a swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues ( hemat means blood, and -oma means tumor). The body eventually reabsorbs this blood. A hematoma is often named for the area where it occurs. For example, a subungual hematoma is blood trapped under a finger or toenail

135
Q

lesion

A

a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury. Skin lesions are described by their appearance, location, color, and size as measured in centimeters

136
Q

crust

A

also known as scab, is a collection of dried serum and cellular debris

137
Q

Erosion

A

is the wearing away of a surface, such as the epidermis of the skin or the outer layer of a mucous membrane. This term can also describe the progressive loss of dental enamel

138
Q

macule

A

also known as a macula, is a discolored flat spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter. Freckles, or flat moles, are examples of macules

139
Q

nodule

A

is a solid, raised skin lesion that is larger than 0.5 cm in diameter and deeper than a papule. In acne vulgaris, nodules can cause scarring

140
Q

papule

A

a small, raised red lesion that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter and does not contain pus. Small pimples and insect bites are types of papules

141
Q

plaque

A

a scaly, solid raised area of closely spaced papules. For example, the lesions of psoriasis are plaques (Figure 12.11). Note: The term plaque also means a fatty buildup in the arteries (see Chapter 5) and a soft substance that forms on the teeth

142
Q

Scales

A

are flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells. Some shedding of these scales is normal; however, excessive shedding is associated with skin disorders such as psoriasis

143
Q

Verrucae

A

also known as warts, are small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus (singular, verruca). Plantar warts are verrucae that develop on the sole of the foot. See Chapter 14 for more information on the human papillomavirus

144
Q

wheal

A

also known as a welt, is a small bump that itches. Wheals can appear as urticaria, or hives, as a symptom of an allergic reaction

145
Q

abscess

A

is a closed pocket containing pus that is caused by a bacterial infection. An abscess can appear on the skin or within other structures of the body

146
Q

Purulent

A

means producing or containing pus

147
Q

exudate

A

is a fluid, such as pus, that leaks out of an infected wound

148
Q

cyst

A

is an abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or a semisolid material (Figure 12.7A). The term cyst can also refer to a sac or vesicle elsewhere in the body. The most common type of skin cyst is a sebaceous cyst

149
Q

pustule

A

also known as a pimple, is a small, circumscribed lesion containing pus (Figure 12.7B). Circumscribed means contained within a limited area. Pustules can be caused by acne vulgaris, impetigo, or other skin infections

150
Q

vesicle

A

is a small blister, less than 0.5 cm in diameter, containing watery fluid (Figure 12.7C). For example, the rash of poison ivy consists of vesicles

151
Q

bulla

A

is a large blister that is usually more than 0.5 cm in diameter

152
Q

abrasion

A

is an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away

153
Q

fissure

A

is a groove or crack-like break in the skin. Fissures are, for example, the breaks in the skin between the toes caused by tinea pedis, or athlete’s foot (Figure 12.8A). The term fissure also describes folds in the contours of the brain

154
Q

laceration

A

is a torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut wound

155
Q

pressure sore

A

previously known as a decubitus ulcer or bedsore, is an open ulcerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin. Without proper care, these sores quickly become seriously infected and can result in tissue death

156
Q

needlestick injury

A

is an accidental puncture wound caused by a used hypodermic needle, potentially transmitting an infection. A puncture wound is an injury caused by a pointed object piercing the skin

157
Q

ulcer

A

is an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges (Figure 12.8B). Note: Ulcers also occur inside the body. Those associated with the digestive system are discussed in

158
Q

Pigmented birthmarks

A

include nevi, also known as moles, as well as café-au-lait spots and other irregularities in skin colo

159
Q

Vascular birthmarks

A

are caused by blood vessels close to the skin’s surface. These are the most common type of birthmark and are sometimes called salmon patches or red birthmarks.

160
Q

capillary hemangioma

A

also known as a strawberry birthmark, is a soft, raised, pink or red vascular birthmark ( hem means blood, angi means blood or lymph vessels, and -oma means tumor). A hemangioma is a benign tissue mass made up of newly formed small blood vessels that in birthmarks are visible through the skin

161
Q

port-wine stain

A

a flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood capillaries, creating a large, reddish-purple discoloration on the face or neck. This type of birthmark will not resolve without treatment. See the later section “Laser and Light Source Treatments of Skin Conditions.

162
Q

dermatitis

A

describes an inflammation of the skin ( dermat means skin, and -itis means inflammation). This condition, which takes many forms, is usually characterized by redness, swelling, and itching

163
Q

Contact dermatitis

A

is a localized allergic response caused by contact with an irritant, such as diaper rash. It can also be caused by exposure to an allergen, such as poison ivy, or an allergic reaction to latex gloves

164
Q

Eczema

A

also known as atopic dermatitis, is a form of persistent or recurring dermatitis usually characterized by redness, itching, and dryness, with possible blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding. This chronic condition, most often seen in infants and children, appears to be the result of a malfunction of the body’s immune system

165
Q

Exfoliative dermatitis

A

is a condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin. It is often accompanied by pruritus, erythroderma (redness), and hair loss. It may occur in severe cases of many common skin conditions, including eczema, psoriasis, and allergic reactions

166
Q

Pruritus

A

also known as itching, is associated with most forms of dermatitis

167
Q

Erythema

A

redness of the skin due to capillary dilation

168
Q

Erythema infectiosum

A

also known as fifth disease, is a mildly contagious viral infection that is common in childhood. This infection produces a red, lace-like rash on the child’s face that looks as if the child has been slapped. It is called “fifth disease” for its place on a list of six common childhood diseases that can cause an exanthem (widespread rash). Others include measles and rubella

169
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

is a skin disorder resulting from a generalized allergic reaction to an illness, infection, or medication. This reaction, which affects the skin, the mucous membranes, or both, is characterized by a rash that may appear as nodules or papules (raised red bumps), macules (flat discolored areas), or vesicles or bullae

170
Q

Erythema pernio

A

also known as chilblains, is a purple-red inflammation that occurs when the small blood vessels below the skin are damaged, usually due to exposure to cold and damp weather. When warmth restores full circulation, the affected areas begin to itch; however, they usually heal without treatment

171
Q

Sunburn

A

a form of erythema in which skin cells are damaged by exposure to the ultraviolet rays in sunlight. This damage increases the chances of later developing skin cancer

172
Q

Erythroderma

A

is abnormal redness of the entire skin surface

173
Q

Exanthem

A

refers to a widespread rash, usually in children. A rash is a breaking out, or eruption, that changes the color or texture of the skin

174
Q

Hand, foot, and mouth disease

A

a mild viral infection common in children under 5 years of age. It is characterized by sores in the mouth and throat and a rash on the hands and feet

175
Q

Dermatosis

A

is a general term used to denote skin lesions or eruptions of any type that are not associated with inflammation

176
Q

Ichthyosis

A

is a group of hereditary disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin ( ichthy means dry or scaly, and -osis means abnormal condition). These conditions are caused either by the slowing of the skin’s natural shedding process or by a rapid increase in the production of the skin’s cells

177
Q

Lipedema

A

also known as painful fat syndrome, is a chronic abnormal condition that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs ( lip means fat, and -edema means swelling). This condition usually affects women and even with weight loss this localized excess fat does not go away. Note: Don’t confuse this condition with lymphedema, discussed in

178
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus

A

also known as lupus, is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk. In addition to the skin, this condition also attacks the connective tissue in other body systems, especially in the joints

179
Q

Psoriasis

A

is a common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks

180
Q

Rosacea

A

also known as adult acne, is characterized by tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels. This chronic condition of unknown cause usually develops in individuals with fair skin between 30 and 60 years of age

181
Q

Rhinophyma

A

also known as bulbous nose, usually occurs in older men ( rhin/o means nose, and -phyma means growth). This condition is characterized by hyperplasia (overgrowth) of the tissues of the nose and is associated with advanced rosacea

182
Q

Scleroderma

A

is an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen ( scler/o means hard, and -derma means skin). This condition can also affect the joints and internal organs

183
Q

Urticaria

A

also known as hives, are itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction

184
Q

carbuncle

A

a cluster of connected furuncles

185
Q

Cellulitis

A

an acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissues that is characterized by malaise, swelling, warmth, and red streaks. Note: Do not confuse cellulitis with cellulite, which is discussed earlier in this chapter

186
Q

Furuncles

A

also known as boils, are large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands

187
Q

Gangrene

A

which is death of tissue, is most commonly caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues. The tissue death is followed by bacterial invasion that causes putrefaction, and if this infection enters the bloodstream, it can be fatal. Putrefaction is decay that produces foul-smelling odors

188
Q

Impetigo

A

a highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in children. This condition is characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture

189
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A

a severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria, which are also known as flesh-eating bacteria. Necrotizing means causing tissue death, and fasciitis is inflammation of fascia. These bacteria normally live harmlessly on the skin; however, if they enter the body through a skin wound, this serious infection can result. If untreated, the infected body tissue is destroyed, and the illness can be fatal

190
Q

Pyoderma

A

is any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo

191
Q

Mycosis

A

describes any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus

192
Q

Tinea

A

is a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails. This condition is also known as ringworm, not because a worm is involved, but because as the fungus grows on the skin, it spreads out in a worm-like circle, (Figure 12.12). Tinea does not create this pattern when it grows on the nails

193
Q

Tinea capitis

A

found on the scalps of children

194
Q

Tinea corporis

A

a fungal infection of the skin on the body

195
Q

Tinea cruris,

A

also known as jock itch, is found in the genital area

196
Q

Tinea pedis

A

also known as athlete’s foot, is most commonly found between the toes. Pedis means feet

197
Q

Tinea versicolor

A

also known as pityriasis versicolor, is a fungal infection that causes painless, discolored areas on the skin. Versicolor means a variety of color

198
Q

infestation

A

the dwelling of microscopic parasites on external surface tissue. Some parasites live temporarily on the skin. Others lay eggs and reproduce there

199
Q

Pediculosis

A

an infestation with lice ( pedicul means lice, and -osis means abnormal condition). In order to get rid of the infestation, the lice eggs, which are known as nits, must be destroyed. There are three types of lice, each attracted to a specific part of the body

200
Q

Pediculosis capitis

A

an infestation with head lice

201
Q

Pediculosis corporis

A

an infestation with body lice

202
Q

Pediculosis pubis

A

an infestation with lice in the pubic hair and pubic region

203
Q

Scabies

A

a skin infection caused by an infestation of itch mites. These tiny mites cause small, itchy bumps and blisters by burrowing into the top layer of human skin to lay their eggs. Medications applied to the skin kill the mites; however, itching may persist for several weeks

204
Q

callus

A

a thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing. Compare with callus in Chapter 3. A clavus, or corn, is a callus in the keratin layer of the skin covering the joints of the toes, usually caused by ill-fitting shoes

205
Q

cicatrix

A

is a normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound

206
Q

Granulation tissue

A

the tissue that normally forms during the healing of a wound. This tissue eventually forms the scar

207
Q

Granuloma

A

is a general term used to describe a small, knot-like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis ( granul meaning granular, and -oma means tumor). Granulomas can result from inflammation, injury, or infection

208
Q

keloid

A

is an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision ( kel means growth or tumor, and -oid means resembling). A tendency to form keloids is often inherited and is more common among people with dark-pigmented skin

209
Q

keratosis

A

is any skin growth, such as a wart or a callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin ( kerat means hard or horny, and -osis means abnormal condition) (plural, keratoses). Patches of keratosis in the mouth are known as leukoplakia. Note: kerat/o also refers to the cornea of the eye

210
Q

lipoma

A

a benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer ( lip means fatty, and -oma means tumor). This fatty tumor is usually harmless, and treatment is rarely necessary unless the tumor is in a bothersome location, is painful, or is growing rapidly

211
Q

Nevus

A

also known as a mole, is a small, dark skin growth that develops from melanocytes in the skin

212
Q

dysplastic nevi

A

are atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer

213
Q

papilloma

A

a benign, superficial, wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder

214
Q

Polyp

A

a general term used most commonly to describe a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane, such as a polyp in the nose. These growths have many causes and are not necessarily malignant

215
Q

Skin tags

A

small, flesh-colored or light-brown polyps that hang from the body by fine stalks. Skin tags are benign and tend to enlarge with age

216
Q

Skin cancer

A

a malignant growth on the skin which can have many causes, including repeated severe sunburns or long-term exposure to the sun. Skin cancer is becoming very common, affecting about one in five Americans in his or her lifetime. There are three main types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma

217
Q

actinic keratosis

A

also called a solar keratosis, is a precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin. It often looks like a red, tan, or pink scaly patch and feels like sandpaper. Precancerous describes a growth that is not yet malignant; however, if not treated, it is likely to become malignant

218
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

is a malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis. This is the most common and least harmful type of skin cancer because it is slow growing and rarely spreads to other parts of the body. The lesions, which occur mainly on the face or neck and tend to bleed easily, are usually pink and smooth and are raised with a depression in the center

219
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

originates as a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium; however, it can quickly spread to other body systems. These cancers begin as skin lesions that appear to be sores that will not heal or that have a crusted look

220
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

also known as melanoma, is a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes ( melan means black, and -oma means tumor). This is the most serious type of skin cancer, and often the first signs are changes in the size, shape, or color of a mole. One way to remember this is by thinking of A-B-C-D-E: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter larger than a pencil eraser, and Evolving by changing in size, shape, shade, or color

221
Q

burn

A

an injury to body tissues caused by heat, flame, electricity, sun, chemicals, or radiation. The severity of a burn is described according to the percentage of the total body skin surface affected (more than 15% is considered serious). It is also described according to the depth or layers of skin involved

222
Q

biopsy

A

he removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis

223
Q

incisional biopsy

A

a piece, but not all, of the tumor or lesion is removed

224
Q

excisional biopsy

A

the entire tumor or lesion and a margin of surrounding tissue are removed. Excision means the complete removal of a lesion or organ

225
Q

needle biopsy

A

hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue for examination

226
Q

Exfoliative cytology

A

also referred to as skin scraping, is a technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope. Exfoliation is the removal of dead epidermal cells, often through sanding or chemabrasion (which is discussed in the next section), and is sometimes done for cosmetic purposes

227
Q

Sunscreen

A

that blocks out the harmful ultraviolet B (UVB) rays is sometimes measured in terms of the strength of the sun protection factor

228
Q

burn center

A

provides care for serious burns, including pain relief, debridement and dermoplasty (skin grafts), IV fluids and nutritional supplements, antibiotics, cosmetic reconstruction, and rehabilitation

229
Q

Cauterization

A

the destruction of tissue by burning

230
Q

Chemabrasion

A

also known as a chemical peel, is the use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring, fine wrinkling, and keratoses

231
Q

Cryosurgery

A

also called freezing, is the destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells, such as warts or tumors, through the application of extreme cold by using liquid nitrogen

232
Q

Curettage

A

the removal of material from the surface by scraping. One use of this technique is to remove basal cell tumors

233
Q

Debridement

A

the removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing

234
Q

irrigation and debridement

A

procedure, pressurized fluid is used to clean out wound debris

235
Q

Dermabrasion

A

a form of abrasion involving the use of a revolving wire brush or sandpaper. It is used to remove acne and chickenpox scars as well as for facial skin rejuvenation

236
Q

Electrodesiccation

A

is a surgical technique in which tissue is destroyed using an electric spark. It is primarily used to eliminate small superficial growths and to seal off blood vessels

237
Q

incision

A

a cut made with a surgical instrument. Incision and drainage (I & D) in an incision (cutting open) of a lesion, such as an abscess, and the draining of the contents

238
Q

Mohs surgery

A

a technique used to treat various types of skin cancer. Individual layers of cancerous tissue are removed and examined under a microscope one at a time until a margin that is clear of all cancerous tissue has been achieved.

239
Q

laser

A

an acronym in which the letters stand for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Lasers are used to treat skin conditions and other disorders of the body

240
Q

Photodynamic therapy

A

is a technique used to treat damaged and precancerous skin, as well as various types of cancer.

241
Q

photosensitizing drug

A

administered topically or by injection. An incubation period is followed by exposure to a specific wavelength of light, administered either externally or endoscopically

242
Q

Retinoids

A

a class of chemical compounds derived from vitamin A that are used in skin care and treatment because of their effect on epithelial cell growth. The use of retinoids can, however, make the skin burn more easily

243
Q

Isotretinoin

A

known by its trade name of Accutane, is a powerful retinoid taken in pill form for the treatment of severe acne

244
Q

Tretinoin

A

the active ingredient in Retin-A and Renova, which are used to treat sun-damaged skin, acne, and wrinkles

245
Q

Topical steroids

A

such as hydrocortisone and other more potent variations are used in the treatment of various skin disorders and diseases. These drugs, which are derivatives of the natural corticosteroid hormones produced by the adrenal glands, must be used cautiously to avoid potential side effects, which can include irreversible thinning of the skin.

246
Q

Blepharoplasty

A

also known as a lid lift, is the surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing sagging skin ( blephar/o means eyelid, and -plasty means surgical repair) (Figure 12.16). A small amount of fat from the patient’s thighs or buttocks is sometimes injected in the hollow below the eye to improve appearance

247
Q

Botox

A

formulation of botulinum toxin. This is the same neurotoxin responsible for the form of food poisoning known as botulism. When small, sterile doses are injected into muscles on the forehead, it can temporarily block the nerve signals to the injected muscle for up to 3 to 4 months, reducing moderate to severe frown lines between the eyebrows

248
Q

Collagen replacement therapy

A

a form of soft-tissue augmentation used to soften facial lines or scars or to make lips appear fuller. Tiny quantities of collagen are injected under a line or scar to boost the skin’s natural supply of collagen

249
Q

Dermatoplasty

A

also known as a skin graft, is the replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue taken from a donor site on the patient’s body

250
Q

Electrolysis

A

the use of electric current to destroy hair follicles in order to produce the relatively permanent removal of undesired hair

251
Q

Lipectomy

A

the surgical removal of fat from beneath the skin to improve physical appearance

252
Q

Liposuction

A

also known as suction-assisted lipectomy, is the surgical removal of fat beneath the skin with the aid of suction

253
Q

Rhytidectomy

A

also known as a facelift, is the surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles

254
Q

Sclerotherapy

A

the treatment of spider veins by injecting a saline sclerosing solution into the vein. This solution irritates the tissue, causing the veins to collapse and disappear. Spider veins, are small, nonessential veins that can be seen through the skin, often on the legs

Medical Terminology 101 (20 decks)

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