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Medical Terminology 101 > Ch.2 Part 2 > Flashcards

Ch.2 Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell membrane

A

tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of a cell from the external environment

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2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

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3
Q

nucleus

A

has two important functions: it controls the activities of the cell, and it helps the cell divide.

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4
Q

Stem cells

A

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division.

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5
Q

somatic stem cells

A

undifferentiated stem cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ.

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6
Q

undifferentiated

A

unspecialized function or structure

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7
Q

differentiated

A

means having a specialized function or structure.

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8
Q

hemopoietic

A

related to the forming of blood

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9
Q

graft-versus-host disease

A

rejection of the body of a transplant

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10
Q

Embryonic stem cells

A

undifferentiated cells that have the important ability to form any adult cell

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11
Q

cord blood

A

found in the unbiblical cord, and embryonic stem cells can be harvested from there

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12
Q

gene

A

fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity.

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13
Q

dominant gene

A

required from one parent, would overpower the recessive gene

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14
Q

recessive gene

A

needed from both parents to be inherited

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15
Q

genome

A

complete set of genetic information of an organism

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16
Q

chromosome

A

genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

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17
Q

somatic cell

A

any cell in the body except the gametes

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18
Q

gamete

A

also known as a sex cell, only cell that doesn’t have 46 chromosomes but 23 instead. (sperm or egg cell)

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19
Q

genetic mutation

A

a change of the sequence of a DNA molecule

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20
Q

somatic cell mutation

A

a change within the cells of the body. These changes affect the individual but cannot be transmitted to the next generation.

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21
Q

gametic cell mutation

A

is a change within the genes in a gamete that can be transmitted by a parent to his or her children.

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22
Q

Genetic engineering

A

the manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes

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23
Q

hereditary disorder

A

aka genetic disorder, is a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.

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24
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems

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25
Q

Down syndrome

A

a genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease

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26
Q

Hemophilia

A

group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing. categorized by spontaneous hemorrhages or severe bleeding following an injury.

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27
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body. These tissues also form glands

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28
Q

Epithelium

A

specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes

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29
Q

Endothelium

A

specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organ

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30
Q

What is Connective tissue, what are the four types?

A

support and connect organs and other body tissue. They are the dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, and liquid connective tissue.

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31
Q

Dense connective tissues

A

such as bone and cartilage, form the joints and framework of the body

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32
Q

Adipose tissue

A

also known as fat, provides protective padding, insulation, and support

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33
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels

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34
Q

Liquid connective tissues

A

which are blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body

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35
Q

Muscle tissue

A

cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax.

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36
Q

Nerve tissue

A

contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses

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37
Q

Aplasia

A

defective or the absence of organ or tissue

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38
Q

Hypoplasia

A

incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

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39
Q

Anaplasia

A

change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other. Related to tumors

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40
Q

Dysplasia

A

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

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41
Q

Hyperplasia

A

enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

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42
Q

Hypertrophy

A

general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissues. Not related to tumors

43
Q

Exocrine gland and Endocrine gland difference

A

Exocrine glands secretes out of the body or into other organs typically (like sweat) Endocrine glands secrete into the body as hormones

44
Q

adenoids

A

a mass of gland-like lymphoid tissue at the back of the upper pharynx

45
Q

Adenitis

A

inflammation of a gland

46
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

(ad-eh-noh-kar-sih-NOH-mah) a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue

47
Q

Malignant

A

means harmful, capable of spreading, and potentially life threatening

48
Q

adenoma

A

benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

49
Q

Benign

A

not life threatening.

50
Q

Adenomalacia

A

the abnormal softening of a gland

51
Q

Adenosis

A

any disease or condition of a gland

52
Q

Adenosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening of a gland

53
Q

adenectomy

A

surgical removal of a gland

54
Q

Etiology

A

study of the causes of diseases

55
Q

communicable disease

A

also known as a contagious disease, is any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects

56
Q

Indirect contact transmission

A

situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface

57
Q

Bloodborne transmission

A

disease through contact with infected blood or other body fluids that are contaminated by infected blood

58
Q

Droplet transmission

A

spread of diseases such as measles, cold, and flu through large respiratory droplets sprayed by coughing or sneezing onto a nearby person or object

59
Q

Airborne transmission

A

occurs through contact with germs floating in the air

60
Q

Vector-borne transmission

A

transmission from the bite of a vector. ticks, bugs, dogs

61
Q

Endemic

A

refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population (like a cold)

62
Q

functional disorder

A

symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified. For example, a panic attack is a functional disorder

63
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

64
Q

idiopathic disorder

A

illness without known cause

65
Q

infectious disease

A

caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

66
Q

nosocomial infection

A

a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

67
Q

organic disorder

A

symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body

68
Q

congenital disorder

A

abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

69
Q

developmental disorder

A

aka birth defect can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or the presence of an extra toe

70
Q

atresia

A

describes the congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular

71
Q

Prenatal influences

A

are the mother’s health, her behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does or does not receive before delivery

72
Q

rubella

A

a virus infection that typically leads to birth defection if a mother gets it when she gets pregnant early on

73
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

caused by drinking during pregnancy. characterized by physical and behavioral traits, including growth abnormalities, mental retardation, brain damage, and socialization difficulties.

74
Q

Premature birth

A

a birth that occurs earlier than 37 weeks of development. Breathing and heart problems are common

75
Q

Birth injuries

A

congenital disorders that were not present before the events surrounding the time of birth. Cerebral Palsy is an example that is caused by lack of oxygen to the brain during delivery

76
Q

gerontology

A

study of the medical problems and care of older people

77
Q

Postmortem

A

means after death. A postmortem examination is also known as an autopsy

78
Q

general practitioner

A

a type of PCP, a family practice physician, provides ongoing care for patients of all ages.

79
Q

internist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the internal organs and related body systems

80
Q

pediatrician

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing disorders and diseases of infants and children

81
Q

geriatrician

A

aka gerontologist, a physician who specializes in the care of older people

82
Q

nurse practitioner

A

a nurse with graduate training who often works as a primary care provider

83
Q

physician assistant

A

licensed professional who works under the supervision of a physician

84
Q

medical receptionist

A

schedules and registers patients for appointments and may also work as a medical assistant

85
Q

medical assistant

A

performs administrative and clinical tasks in a doctor’s office, such as coding patients’ medical information, measuring a patient’s vital signs, administering injections and drawing blood. If they are a CMA they are certified through the American Association of Medical Assistants.

86
Q

medical coder

A

and assigns appropriate codes for treatment and services provided to each patient based on codes for medical diagnoses, equipment, and procedures

87
Q

Emergency Department

A

aka emergency room focuses on diagnosing and treating life-threatening emergency medical conditions. Patients are triaged on arrival

88
Q

emergency physician

A

doctor who specializes in high-acuity medicine in the ER

89
Q

emergency medical technician

A

licensed health care professional who works in a pre-hospital setting on an ambulance

90
Q

Registered nurse

A

assess patients and provide care following a doctor’s orders

91
Q

LVN/LPN

A

licensed vocational nurse/licensed practical nurse. works under the supervision of a doctor or RN to provide basic patient care

92
Q

CNA

A

certified nursing assistant, works under the supervision of a RN to provide basic patient care

93
Q

Pharmacist

A

dispenses prescribed medication to patients

94
Q

ICU

A

intensive care unit/critical care unit. provides continuously monitored care for critically ill patients

95
Q

intensivist

A

a physician specializing in the care of critically ill patients hospitalized in the ICU

96
Q

hospitalist

A

physician that focuses on the general care of hospitalized patients

97
Q

telemetry

A

unit provides continuous cardiac monitoring for patients with heart problems not requiring intensive care

98
Q

medical/surgical unit

A

provides nursing care for lower-acuity patients who are recovering from surgery or require continued drug therapy or monitoring

99
Q

Tele-

A

Distant

100
Q

idio-

A

peculiar to the individual

101
Q

HD

A

Huntington’s Disease

102
Q

PA

A

Physicians Assistant

103
Q

GP

A

General Practitioner

104
Q

CD

A

Communicable disease

Medical Terminology 101 (20 decks)

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