Ch.4 Part 2 Flashcards
Abduction
movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
adduction
movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
adhesion
bands of scar-like tissue that form between two surfaces inside the body and cause them to stick together
ataxia
lack of muscle control in voluntary movements
atonic
loss of normal muscle strength. Like atonic seizure
atrophy
Muscle atrophy is a decrease in muscle mass, often due to extended immobility
bradykinesia
slowness of movement, symptom of parkinsons
carpal tunnel syndrome
common condition that causes pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and arm
chronic fatigue syndrome
complicated disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that lasts for at least six months and that can’t be fully explained by an underlying medical condition
circumduction
orderly combination of shoulder movements so that the hand traces a circle and the arm traces a cone
contracture
permanent shortening, producing deformity or distortion
dorsiflexion
backward bending and contracting of your hand or foot
dyskinesia
nvoluntary movement that you cannot control
dystonia
involuntary muscle contractions that cause slow repetitive movements or abnormal postures
EMG
Electromyography, measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
epicondylitis
inflammation of the tissues surrounding his elbow
ergonomics
applied science concerned with designing and arranging things people use so that the people and things interact most efficiently and safely
exercise physiologist
specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation
fasciitis
inflammation of a fascia
fibromyalgia
chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas.
ganglion cyst
A noncancerous lump, often on the tendons or joints of wrists and hands
heel spur
A bony growth that develops around the heel bone, often caused by ill-fitting shoes, and sometimes causing pain.
hemiparesis
Muscle weakness or partial paralysis on one side of the body that can affect the arms, legs, and facial muscles
hemiplegia
condition, caused by a brain injury, that results in a varying degree of weakness, stiffness, another word for hemiparesis
hernia
A bulging of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening.
hyperkinesia
excessive movement and generally refers to a wide variety of abnormal involuntary movements or dyskinesias
hypotonia
abnormal low level of muscle tone
impingement syndrome
Shoulder pain caused by connective tissue (a tendon) rubbing on a shoulder blade.
insertion
the places where a muscle attaches on bones
intermittent claudication
pain you feel when your leg muscles don’t get enough blood while you exercise
muscular dystrophy
group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass
myasthenia gravis
MG, chronic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscle
myocele
Protrusion of muscle substance through a tear in its sheath
myoclonus
quick, involuntary muscle jerk, like hiccups
Myofascial release
manipulative treatment that attempts to release tension in the fascia due to trauma, posture, or inflammation
myolysis
procedure for treating uterine fibroids that involves coagulation (as by electric current) of blood vessels supplying the fibroid with subsequent shrinkage of the fibroid
myoparesis
slight muscle paralysis.
myorrhaphy
suture of a muscle
neuromuscular
Pertaining to both nerves and muscles
oblique
slanting angle
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower body
physiatrist
treat a wide variety of medical conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, nerves, bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, and tendons
plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of your foot that connects your heel bone to your toes.
polymyositis
an uncommon inflammatory disease that causes muscle weakness affecting both sides of your body
pronation
Rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm is down
quadriplegia
refers to paralysis from the neck down, including the trunk, legs and arms
sarcopenia
loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, typically in older people
shin splint
Pain caused by overuse along the shinbone, the large front bone in the lower leg
singultus
Hiccups
sphincter
annular muscle surrounding and able to contract or close a bodily opening
sprain
stretching or tearing of ligaments
tenodesis
operation of suturing the end of a tendon to a bone
tenolysis
surgery to remove adhesions from a tendon
tenorrhaphy
surgical suture of the divided ends of a tendon
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the lining of the sheath that surrounds a tendon
tenotomy
surgical division of a tendon
torticollis
aka wryneck, is a twisting of the neck that causes the head to rotate and tilt at an odd angle.
transverse
parallel to the gound
DTR
Deep Tendon Reflexes are tested with a reflex hammer, its involuntary, and if it doesn’t work there may be an issue with nerves in the area
ROM
Range-of-motion testing, evaluates joint mobility and muscle strength
antispasmodic
aka anticholinergic suppresses smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder.
skeletal muscle relaxant
relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other muscle injuries
neuromuscular blocker
drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles
Myofascial release
specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome
Occupational therapy (OT)
consists of activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in performing the activities of daily living
Physical therapy
treatment to prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques
Therapeutic ultrasound
high-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
uses a device that delivers electrical impulses through the skin, which cause changes in muscles
Rice
Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation, first aid for muscle injuries
fasciotomy
surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure
Fascioplasty
surgical repair of a fascia
tendinosis
surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone
Tenolysis
release of a tendon from adhesions
Tenorrhaphy
suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon
Tenotomy
surgical incision into a tendon
Myorrhaphy
surgical suturing of a muscle
myotomy
surgical incision into a muscle
ADL
activities of daily living
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
CFS
chronic fatigue syndrome
EMG
electromyography
Hemi
hemiplegia
IC
intermittent claudication
MD
muscular dystrophy
MG
myasthenia gravis
OT
occupational therapy, occupational therapist
PM
polymyositis
Quad
quadriplegia, quadriplegic
RSD
repetitive stress disorder
ADL
activities of daily living
