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Medical Terminology 101 > Ch.7 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Ch.7 Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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2
Q

sinus/o

A

sinusus, makes mucus, and makes head lighter

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3
Q

pharyng/o

A

Pharynx, Transports air back and forth between the nose and the trachea.

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4
Q

laryng/o

A

Larynx, Makes speech possible.

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5
Q

epiglott/o

A

Epiglottis, Closes off the trachea during swallowing.

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6
Q

trache/o

A

Trachea, Transports air back and forth between the pharynx and the bronchi.

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7
Q

bronch/o, bronchi/o

A

Bronchi, Transports air from the trachea into the lungs.

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8
Q

alveol/o

A

Alveoli, air sacs that exchange gases with the pulmonary capillary blood

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9
Q

pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulmon/o

A

Lungs, Bring oxygen into the body, and remove carbon dioxide and some water waste from the body

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10
Q

Py/o

A

Pus

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11
Q

Milano

A

Black

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12
Q

Myc/o

A

Fungus

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13
Q

Bronch/o Bronch/i

A

Bronchus

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14
Q

Thorac/o, Thor/a

A

Chest

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15
Q

Centisis

A

Surgical puncture for removal

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16
Q

Ptysis

A

Coughing or spitting

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17
Q

Rrhea

A

Flow discharge

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18
Q

Rrhagia

A

Bleeding or hemorrhage

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19
Q

osis

A

abnormal condition

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20
Q

dys

A

abnormal, or painful

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21
Q

A- An-

A

without, lack of

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22
Q

ox/i, ox/o, ox/y

A

oxygen

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23
Q

phon/o

A

Sound, voice.

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24
Q

pleur/o

A

Pleura, side of the body

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25
Q

-pnea

A

Breathing.

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26
Q

pneum/o

A

Lung, air

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27
Q

somn/o

A

Sleep

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28
Q

spir/o

A

To breathe

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29
Q

thorac/o

A

Chest, plural cavity.

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30
Q

trache/o

A

Windpipe

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31
Q

alveoli

A

The very small grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole

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32
Q

anoxia

A

The absence of oxygen from the body’s tissues and organs even though there is an adequate flow of blood

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33
Q

antitussive

A

Medication administered to prevent or relieve coughing

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34
Q

aphonia

A

Loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds

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35
Q

asbestosis

A

The form of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos particles in the lungs

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36
Q

asphyxia

A

loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function

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37
Q

asthma

A

A chronic, inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction and characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing

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38
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung due to a blockage of the air passages or pneumothorax

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39
Q

bradypnea

A

An abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute

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40
Q

bronchodilator

A

medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs

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41
Q

bronchorrhea

A

An excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi

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42
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the bronchi through using a bronchoscope

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43
Q

bronchospasm

A

contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut

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44
Q

Cheyne–Stokes respiration

A

irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea

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45
Q

croup

A

acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords, resulting in a barking cough and stridor.

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46
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood

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47
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

A life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

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48
Q

diphtheria

A

acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract

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49
Q

dysphonia

A

Difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy’s voice during puberty

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50
Q

dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing; also known as shortness of breath

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51
Q

emphysema

A

progressive, long-term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking

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52
Q

empyema

A

An accumulation of pus in a body cavity

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53
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway

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54
Q

epistaxis

A

Bleeding from the nose that may be caused by dry air, an injury, medication to prevent blood clotting, or high blood pressure; also known as a nosebleed

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55
Q

hemoptysis

A

expectoration of blood or bloodstained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage

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56
Q

hemothorax

A

collection of blood in the pleural cavity

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57
Q

hypercapnia

A

The abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

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58
Q

hyperpnea

A

An increase in the depth and rate of the respiratory movements

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59
Q

hypopnea

A

Shallow or slow respiration

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60
Q

hypoxemia

A

The condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood

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61
Q

hypoxia

A

The condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body’s tissues and organs; less severe than anoxia

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62
Q

laryngectomy

A

surgical removal of the larynx

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63
Q

laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx; also commonly used to describe voice loss that is caused by this inflammation

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64
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope

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65
Q

laryngospasm

A

sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx

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66
Q

mediastinum

A

middle section of the chest cavity located between the lungs. This cavity contains the heart and its veins and arteries, the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, the thymus gland, and lymph nodes

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67
Q

nebulizer

A

electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouthpiece

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68
Q

otolaryngologist

A

physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck

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69
Q

pertussis

A

contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness and a noisy inspiration

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70
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx

71
Q

phlegm

A

Thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages

72
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura, the membranes that cover the lungs and line the pleural cavity; causes pleurodynia

73
Q

pleurodynia

A

sharp pain that occurs when the inflamed membranes rub against each other with each inhalation

74
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

Any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact

75
Q

pneumonectomy

A

The surgical removal of all or part of a lung.

76
Q

pneumonia

A

serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other liquid

77
Q

pneumothorax

A

The accumulation of air in the pleural space, causing a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse

78
Q

polysomnography

A

The diagnostic measurement of physiological activity during sleep; also known as a sleep study

79
Q

pulmonologist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

80
Q

pulse oximeter

A

external monitor placed on the patient’s fingertip or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood

81
Q

pyothorax

A

collection of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane.

82
Q

sinusitis

A

Inflammation of the sinuses.

83
Q

sleep apnea

A

A potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels

84
Q

spirometer

A

A recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled and the length of time required for each breath

85
Q

tachypnea

A

An abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually of more than 20 breaths per minute

86
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity

87
Q

thoracotomy

A

surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment

88
Q

tracheostomy

A

surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea in order to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing

89
Q

tracheotomy

A

emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage

90
Q

tuberculosis

A

infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually attacks the lungs; also known as TB, it can also affect other parts of the body

91
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

a group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it difficult to breathe out. COPD, which is most often caused by long-term smoking, is generally permanent and progressive

92
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

a disease in which the airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant, usually cigarette smoke. An increase in the number and size of mucus-producing cells results in excessive mucus production and thickening of the walls of the air passages.

93
Q

Emphysema

A

the progressive, long-term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking. Emphysema is characterized by a decrease in the total number of alveoli, enlargement of the remaining alveoli, and the progressive destruction of the walls of these remaining alveoli

94
Q

Asthma

A

a chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction

95
Q

asthma attack

A

characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing

96
Q

Wheezing

A

a breathing sound caused by a partially obstructed airway. The frequency and severity of asthma attacks are influenced by a variety of factors, including allergens, environmental agents, exercise, and infection

97
Q

Airway inflammation

A

is the swelling and clogging of the bronchial tubes with mucus. This usually occurs after the airway has been exposed to inhaled allergens

98
Q

bronchospasm

A

a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut

99
Q

Exercise-induced asthma

A

the narrowing of the airways that develops after 5 to 15 minutes of physical exertion

100
Q

Upper respiratory infections/acute nasopharyngitis

A

common cold, human rhinovirus

101
Q

Allergic rhinitis

A

allergy, an allergic reaction to airborne allergens that causes an increased flow of mucus

102
Q

Croup

A

an acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in a barking cough and stridor

103
Q

Diphtheria

A

an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract. The diphtheria bacteria produce toxins that can damage the heart muscle and peripheral nerves. Through immunization, the disease is now largely prevented

104
Q

Epistaxis

A

also known as a nosebleed, is bleeding from the nose that may be caused by dry air, injury, medication to prevent blood clotting, or high blood pressure

105
Q

Influenza

A

is an acute, highly contagious viral infection characterized by respiratory inflammation, fever, chills, and muscle pain. Influenza is spread by respiratory droplets and occurs most commonly in epidemics during the colder months

106
Q

Pertussis

A

also known as whooping cough, is a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness and a noisy inspiration

107
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

also known as a runny nose, is the watery flow of mucus from the nose

108
Q

Pharyngitis

A

also known as a sore throat, is an inflammation of the pharynx

109
Q

laryngospasm

A

the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx

110
Q

Aphonia

A

the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds

111
Q

Dysphonia

A

difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy’s voice during puberty

112
Q

Laryngitis

A

an inflammation of the larynx

113
Q

Tracheorrhagia

A

bleeding from the mucous membranes of the trachea

114
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

is the permanent dilation of the bronchi, caused by chronic infection and inflammation

115
Q

Bronchorrhea

A

an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi ( bronch/o means bronchus, and -rrhea means abnormal flow). This is often caused by chronic bronchitis or asthma

116
Q

Pleurisy

A

also known as pleuritis, is an inflammation of the pleura, the membranes that cover the lungs and line the pleural cavity

117
Q

Pleurodynia

A

a sharp pain that occurs when the inflamed membranes rub against each other with each inhalation

118
Q

Pleural effusion

A

excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. This produces a feeling of breathlessness because it prevents the lung from fully expanding

119
Q

Pyothorax

A

aka empyema of the pleural cavity, presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane

120
Q

Hemothorax

A

collection of blood in the pleural cavity

121
Q

pneumothorax

A

the accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse

122
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

a lung condition usually caused by trauma, pneumonia, smoke or fumes, inhaled vomit, or sepsis.

123
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapsed lung, the incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung due to a blockage of the air passages or pneumothorax

124
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

an accumulation of fluid in lung tissues, especially the alveoli

125
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

he sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by an embolus that has formed in the leg or pelvic region

126
Q

Pneumorrhagia

A

is bleeding from the lungs

127
Q

Tuberculosis

A

which is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually attacks the lungs; however, it can also affect other parts of the body. Pleurisy and coughing up blood (hemoptysis) can be symptoms of TB in the lungs

128
Q

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

A

dangerous form of the disease that can occur when the prescribed drug regimen is not strictly followed

129
Q

Pneumonia

A

serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids

130
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

a localized form of pneumonia that often affects the bronchioles

131
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

affects larger areas of the lungs, often including one or more sections, or lobes, of a lung.affects larger areas of the lungs, often including one or more sections, or lobes, of a lung.

132
Q

Aspiration pneumonia

A

can occur when a foreign substance, such as vomit, is inhaled into the lungs. As used here, aspiration means inhaling or drawing a foreign substance into the upper respiratory tract

133
Q

Bacterial pneumonia

A

most commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumococcal pneumonia is the only form of pneumonia that can be prevented through vaccination

134
Q

Community-acquired pneumonia

A

any pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic. CAP may be bacterial pneumonia or be caused by a virus or fungi. This is the most common form of pneumonia, and it can affect people of all ages

135
Q

Hospital-acquired pneumonia

A

nosocomial pneumonia, is a type of pneumonia contracted during a stay in the hospital when a patient’s defenses are impaire

136
Q

Walking pneumonia

A

known as mycoplasma pneumonia, is a milder but longer-lasting form of the disease caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae

137
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

is an opportunistic infection caused by the yeast-like fungus Pneumocystis carinii.

138
Q

Viral pneumonia

A

which can be caused by several different types of viruses, accounts for approximately a third of all pneumonias

139
Q

Interstitial lung disease

A

group of almost 200 disorders that cause inflammation and scarring of the alveoli and their supporting structures. Interstitial means relating to spaces within or around a tissue or an organ

140
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

A

the progressive formation of scar tissue in the lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty in breathing

141
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact

142
Q

Silicosis

A

caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs and usually occurs after working in occupations including foundry work, quarrying, ceramics, glasswork, and sandblasting

143
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

a life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus.

144
Q

Lung cancer

A

which is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States, is a condition in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the lung

145
Q

Eupnea

A

easy or normal breathing

146
Q

Apnea

A

temporary absence of spontaneous respiration

147
Q

Bradypnea

A

an abnormally slow rate of respiration

148
Q

Cheyne–Stokes respiration

A

an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea

149
Q

Tachypnea

A

an abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually of more than 20 breaths per minute

150
Q

Hyperventilation

A

an abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration that is usually associated with anxiety

151
Q

Expectoration

A

the act of coughing up and spitting out saliva, mucus, or other body fluid

152
Q

Hemoptysis

A

expectoration of blood or blood-stained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage

153
Q

Airway obstruction

A

commonly known as choking, occurs when food or a foreign object partially or completely blocks the airway and prevents air from entering or leaving the lungs

154
Q

Anoxia

A

the absence of oxygen from the body’s tissues and organs even though there is an adequate flow of blood

155
Q

Altitude hypoxia

A

altitude sickness, is a condition that can be brought on by the decreased oxygen in the air at higher altitudes

156
Q

Asphyxia

A

the loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function

157
Q

Asphyxiation

A

state of asphyxia or suffocation

158
Q

Hypercapnia

A

the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

159
Q

Hypoxemia

A

the condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood, usually due to respiratory disorders or heart conditions

160
Q

Respiratory failure

A

a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low

161
Q

Smoke inhalation

A

damage to the lungs in which particles from a fire coat the alveoli and prevent the normal exchange of gases

162
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome

A

the sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant between the ages of 2 months and 6 months

163
Q

ARDS

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

164
Q

COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease

165
Q

CF

A

Cystic Fibrosis

166
Q

Ett

A

Endotracheal intubation

167
Q

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery

A

FESS

168
Q

HBOT

A

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

169
Q

MDI

A

Metered-dose inhaler

170
Q

PFT

A

pulmonary function

171
Q

RF

A

respiratory failure

172
Q

SIDS

A

Sudden infant death syndrome

173
Q

TB

A

Tuberculosis

174
Q

URI

A

Upper Respiratory infection

Medical Terminology 101 (20 decks)

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