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Medical Terminology 101 > Ch.3 Part 2 > Flashcards

Ch.3 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

acetabulum (ass-eh-TAB-you-lum)

A

socket of the hipbone, into which the head of the femur fits.

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2
Q

allogenic

A

genetically distinct, but of the same species

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3
Q

ankylosing spondylitis (ang-kih-LOH-sing spon-dih-LYE-tis)

A

rare type of arthritis that causes pain and stiffness in your spine.

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4
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical immobilization of a joint by fusion of the adjacent bones

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5
Q

arthrolysis

A

surgical restoration of mobility to an ankylosed joint

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6
Q

autologous

A

referring to an individual’s own blood

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7
Q

avascular necrosis

A

the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply

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8
Q

kyphosis

A

An increased front-to-back curve of the upper spine is called

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9
Q

laminectomy

A

removal of part or all of the vertebral bone

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10
Q

malleolus

A

The rounded bony prominence on either side of the ankle joint

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11
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of the cartilage under the kneecap

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12
Q

comminuted fracture

A

a break or splinter of the bone into more than two fragments

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13
Q

compression fracture

A

when one or more bones in the spine weaken and crumple

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14
Q

costochondritis (kos-toh-kon-DRIGH-tis)

A

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the breastbone

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15
Q

craniostenosis (kray-nee-oh-steh-NOH-sis)

A

Child with premature closure of the lambdoid suture

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16
Q

crepitation

A

noises are produced by the rubbing of parts one against the other

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17
Q

dual x-ray absorptiometry (ab-sorp-shee-OM-eh-tree)

A

An imaging test that measures bone density

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18
Q

gout

A

form of arthritis caused by excess uric acid in the bloodstream. Normally impacts the big toe

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19
Q

hallux valgus

A

A bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe. Foot deformity

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20
Q

hemarthrosis

A

bleeding into a joint cavity

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21
Q

hemopoietic

A

pertaining to the formation of blood or blood cells

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22
Q

internal fixation

A

surgical procedure used to internally set and stabilize fractured bones

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23
Q

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

A

arthritis that causes joint inflammation and stiffness for more than six weeks in a child aged 16 or younger

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24
Q

lordosis

A

also known as sway back. A curving inward of the lower back.

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25
Q

lumbago

A

pain in the muscles and joints of the lower back

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26
Q

malleolus

A

bony projection with a shape likened to a hammer head, especially each of those on either side of the ankle

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27
Q

manubrium

A

anatomical process or part shaped like a handle. Upper portion of the sternum

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28
Q

metacarpals

A

Five cylindrical bones extending from the wrist to the fingers

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29
Q

metatarsals

A

bones of the forefoot that connect the distal aspects of the cuneiform

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30
Q

myeloma

A

type of blood cancer that develops from plasma cells in the bone marrow

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31
Q

open fracture

A

fracture in which there is an open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone

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32
Q

orthopedic surgeon

A

doctors who specialize in the musculoskeletal system

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33
Q

orthotic

A

A support, brace, or splint used to support, align, prevent, or correct the function of movable parts of the body

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34
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

type of arthritis caused by inflammation, breakdown, and eventual loss of cartilage in the joints. Aka degenerative arthritis

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35
Q

osteochondroma

A

overgrowth of cartilage and bone that happens at the end of the bone near the growth plate

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36
Q

osteoclasis

A

surgical destruction of bone tissue

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37
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of the bones

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38
Q

osteomyelitis

A

an infection in a bone

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39
Q

osteopenia

A

A condition in which there is a lower-than-normal bone mass or bone mineral density

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40
Q

osteoporosis

A

bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases, or when the quality or structure of bone changes

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41
Q

osteoporotic hip fracture

A

fracture caused by osteoporosis

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42
Q

osteorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing, or wiring together, of bones

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43
Q

Paget’s disease

A

characterized by one or more enlarged, weak bones

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44
Q

pathologic fracture

A

broken bone caused by disease, often by the spread of cancer to the bone

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45
Q

percutaneous vertebroplasty (per-kyou-TAY-nee-us VER-tee-broh-plas-tee)

A

minimally invasive procedure designed to relieve back pain caused by osteoporotic compression fractures of the thoracic (mid-back) and lumbar (low-back) spine that have failed to heal normally.

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46
Q

periostitis

A

inflammation of the band of tissue that surrounds your bones known as the periosteum.

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47
Q

podiatrist

A

branch of medicine devoted to the study, diagnosis, and medical and surgical treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle, and lower extremity

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48
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica (pol-ee-my-AL-jee-ah roo-MA-tih-kah)

A

inflammatory disorder that causes muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders and hips

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49
Q

prosthesis

A

device designed to replace a missing part of the body or to make a part of the body work better

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50
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune and inflammatory disease, which means that your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake

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51
Q

rickets

A

the softening and weakening of bones in children, usually because of an extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency

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52
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

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53
Q

spina bifida

A

birth defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord don’t form properly

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54
Q

spiral fracture

A

aka torsion fracture, is a type of complete fracture. It occurs due to a rotational, or twisting, force

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55
Q

spondylolisthesis (spon-dih-loh-liss-THEE-sis)

A

slipping forward of the vertebral bone

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56
Q

spondylosis

A

refers to a degenerative process affecting the vertebral disc and facet joints that gradually develops with age

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57
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation of joint

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58
Q

synovectomy

A

removing the synovium, a thin membrane that lines the inside of certain joints

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59
Q

vertebra

A

one of 33 bony segments that form the spinal column of humans

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60
Q

ossification

A

process of bone formation

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61
Q

osteoclasts

A

cells that degrade bone to initiate normal bone remodeling

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62
Q

osteoblasts

A

cells that form new bone

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63
Q

Red bone marrow

A

a hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes

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64
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

functions as a fat storage area in the medullary cavity of long bones

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65
Q

Cartilage

A

smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones

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66
Q

Articular cartilage

A

covers the surfaces of bones where they articulate to form joints

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67
Q

meniscus

A

the curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints,like the knee and jaw

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68
Q

diaphysis

A

the shaft of a long bone (middle part) covered by periosteum

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69
Q

epiphyses

A

the wider ends of long bones covered by articular cartilage

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70
Q

proximal epiphysis

A

the wider end closer to point of attachment or joint

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71
Q

distal epiphysis

A

the wider end farther from point of attachment or joint

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72
Q

foramen

A

an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

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73
Q

process

A

normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon

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74
Q

mastoid process

A

bony projection located on the temporal bones just behind the ears

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75
Q

ligament

A

fibrous connective tissue connects one bone to another

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76
Q

bursa

A

sac of synovial fluid near the tendons

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77
Q

abduction

A

to move away from the body/midline

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78
Q

adduction

A

to move toward the body or midline

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79
Q

circumduction

A

movement in a circle

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80
Q

Fibrous joints

A

inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together and do not allow movement. aka sutures

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81
Q

fontanelles (fon-tah-NELLS)

A

aka soft spots that are in the babies head, allows for easier passage during birth

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82
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

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83
Q

Sternum

A

A cartilaginous joint where the ribs connect. Allows movement during breathing

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84
Q

pubic symphysis

A

cartilaginous joint that allows some movement to facilitate childbirth. This joint is located between the pubic bones in the anterior

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85
Q

synovial joint

A

created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions

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86
Q

Ball-and-socket joints

A

such as the hips and shoulders, allow a wide range of movement in many directions

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87
Q

Hinge joints

A

such as the knees and elbows, are synovial joints that allow movement primarily in one direction or plane

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88
Q

synovial capsule

A

outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint

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89
Q

synovial membrane

A

lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid

90
Q

Synovial fluid

A

flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible

91
Q

Ligaments

A

bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage. More ligaments, more movement in different directions.

92
Q

periosteum (perry-aws-tea-um)

A

dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints. Articular cartilage protects the joints

93
Q

Articular cartilage

A

connective tissue covering the ends of bones that functions as a low-friction and wear-resistant surface to facilitate joint movement

94
Q

axial skeleton

A

80 bones that protect the organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems. Consists of skull, middle ear, hyoid, ribcage, vertebral column.

95
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

makes movement possible and protects the digestive, excretion, and reproduction system

96
Q

upper extremities

A

shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands. Part of the appendicular skeleton

97
Q

lower extremities

A

hips, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet. Part of the appendicular skeleton

98
Q

Appendage

A

anything that is attached to a major part of the body

99
Q

appendage

A

anything that is attached to a major part of the body

100
Q

appendicular

A

referring to an appendage

101
Q

extremity

A

terminal end of a body part

102
Q

cranium

A

he portion of the skull that encloses and protects the brain. made up of 8 bones

103
Q

frontal bone

A

anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead.

104
Q

parietal bones

A

two of the largest skull bones, make up the roof of the cranium

105
Q

occipital bone

A

forms the back part and base of the cranium

106
Q

temporal bones

A

form the sides and base of the cranium

107
Q

external auditory meatus

A

opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear

108
Q

meatus

A

external opening of a canal

109
Q

sphenoid bone

A

wedge-shaped cranial bone at the base of the skull, Forms eyes socket

110
Q

ethmoid bone

A

Cranial bone located at the roof and sides of the nose helps form an orbit.

111
Q

orbit

A

bony socket that surrounds and protects each eyeball

112
Q

auditory ossicles

A

three tiny bones located in each middle ear, They are malleus, incus, and stapes

113
Q

nasal bones

A

two facial bones that form the upper part of the bridge of the nose

114
Q

zygomatic bones

A

facial bones that make up the cheeks, aka cheekbones

115
Q

maxillary bones

A

facial bones that form most of the upper jaw. aka maxillae

116
Q

palatine bones

A

facial bones that form the front of the mouth and floor of nose

117
Q

lacrimal bones

A

two facial bones that make up part of the orbit

118
Q

vomer bone

A

facial bone that makes the base of the nasal septum

119
Q

nasal septum

A

cartilage wall that divides the two nasal cavities

120
Q

mandible

A

aka jaw. only movable bone of the skull.

121
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

the point of where the the mandible connects to the skull

122
Q

thoracic cavity

A

aka rib cage. has ribs, sternum, and upper portion of the spinal column

123
Q

costals

A

the 12 pair of ribs

124
Q

true ribs

A

first seven ribs. attach anteriorly to the sternum

125
Q

false ribs

A

next three pairs of ribs after the true ribs. attach anteriorly to cartilage that connects them to the sternum

126
Q

floating ribs

A

last two pairs of rib. only attached posteriorly to the vertebrae but are not attached anteriorly

127
Q

sternum

A

aka breast bone. Connects ribs and made of three parts.

128
Q

manubrium (mah-NEW-bree-um)

A

upper portion of the sternum

129
Q

gladiolus

A

body of the sternum, middle portion

130
Q

xiphoid process

A

cartilage lower portion of the sternum

131
Q

pectoral girdle

A

shoulder girdle, supports arms

132
Q

scapula

A

aka shoulder blade

133
Q

acromion

A

an extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder.

134
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bone

135
Q

radius

A

lower arm bone where the thumb is

136
Q

Ulna

A

larger lower arm bone opposite side of thumb

137
Q

olecranon process (oh-LEK-rah-non)

A

aka funny bone, large projection in the upper end of an ulna.

138
Q

carpals

A

the bones that form the wrist

139
Q

phalanges

A

finger bones and toe bones

140
Q

spinal column

A

aka vertebral column consists of 26 vertebrae

141
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

the upper 7 vertebrae in the neck

142
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

aka dorsal vertebrae, the 12 vertebrae under the cervical vertebrae. each one has a rib

143
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

the 5 vertebrae in the lower back, under the thoracic vertebrae.

144
Q

Sacrum

A

bottom of the lumbar vertebrae, consists of 5 bones but referred to as one

145
Q

coccyx

A

aka tailbone, under the scrum

146
Q

body of the vertebra

A

anterior portion of the vertebra is solid to provide strength

147
Q

lamina

A

posterior portion of a vertebra. serve as attachments for muscles and tendons

148
Q

vertebral foramen

A

opening in the middle of the vertebra. allows the spinal cord to pass through and to protect the spinal cord

149
Q

Intervertebral disks

A

made of cartilage, separate and cushion the vertebrae from each other. Allow for movement and act as shock absorbers

150
Q

cervical

A

pertains too the neck

151
Q

pelvis

A

aka bony pelvis. has the coccyx and sacrum and the pelvic gridle

152
Q

Ilium

A

elephant ear bones of the pelvis

153
Q

sacroiliac

A

slightly movable part between between the sacrum and ilium

154
Q

ischium

A

forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone. what you sit on.

155
Q

pubis

A

front of pubic bone, bellow bladder

156
Q

symphysis

A

place where two bones are closely joined

157
Q

acetabulum (ass-eh-TAB-you-lum)

A

aka hip socket. where the femur connects to the pelvis.

158
Q

Femoral

A

relating to the femur, largest bone in the body. Thigh

159
Q

head of the femur

A

articulates with the acetabulum

160
Q

femoral neck

A

narrow area just below the head of the femur

161
Q

patella

A

aka kneecap. front side of need

162
Q

popliteal

A

back side of knee where ligaments and vessels are

163
Q

cruciate ligaments

A

make possible the movements of the knee

164
Q

tibia

A

aka shinbone bigger front bone of the lower leg

165
Q

fibula

A

smaller bone of the lower leg.

166
Q

ankles

A

connect lower leg and foot. Make it possible for movement

167
Q

tarsal

A

the carpals of the foot

168
Q

malleolus

A

rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle join

169
Q

Talus

A

the ankle bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula. Their meeting point.

170
Q

calcaneus

A

heel bone, largest tarsal (sole of foot)

171
Q

metatarsals

A

form the foot where ankle and phalanges are met.

172
Q

Chiropractor

A

focuses on spine disorders. Manipulative treatment involves manually adjusting the bones of the spine.

173
Q

orthopedic surgeon

A

aka orthopedist. physician who diagnoses and treats problems with bones joints, and muscles.

174
Q

Osteopath

A

uses both medicine and manipulative treatment

175
Q

podiatrist

A

specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

176
Q

rheumatologist

A

specializes in diagnosis and treatment of arthritis ,osteoporosis, fibromyalgia, and tendinitis that are characterized by inflammation in the joints and connective tissues

177
Q

bone marrow biopsy

A

diagnostic test used if abnormal amounts or types of red or white blood cells are found in a complete blood count.

178
Q

Bone marrow aspiration

A

syringe to withdraw tissue from the red bone marrow

179
Q

BDT

A

Bone density testing used to diagnose bone issues

180
Q

Ultrasonic bone density testing

A

type of BDT screening test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass

181
Q

Dual x-ray absorptiometry

A

radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density. More accurate than the ultra sound.

182
Q

BMT

A

Bone marrow transplant used to treat certain types of cancers that impact the bone. Destroys bone marrow and bone, then bone marrow stem cells are inserted to make new bone marrow

183
Q

allogenic bone marrow transplant

A

healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor

184
Q

autologous bone marrow transplant

A

patient receives his or her own bone marrow cells

185
Q

orthotic

A

medical device like a brace or splint. to control or correct movent

186
Q

prosthesis

A

a substitute for a diseased or missing body part

187
Q

Arthrodesis

A

aka surgical ankylosis the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint. to treat sever arthritis or damaged joint

188
Q

Arthroscopic surgery

A

a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint. Cartilage can be removed through incisions.

189
Q

Chondroplasty

A

surgical repair of cartilage

190
Q

synovectomy

A

synovial membrane from a joint

191
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical repair of a joint, but has become into surgical replacement.

192
Q

TKR

A

total knee replacement, aka total knee arthroplasty

193
Q

PKR

A

partial knee replacement

194
Q

THR

A

Total hip replacement aka total hip arthroplasty

195
Q

Hip resurfacing

A

instead of THR and removing part of the femur they put a metal cap that allows it to move more smoothly

196
Q

Revision surgery

A

replacement of a failed or worn implant.

197
Q

percutaneous discectomy (per-kyou-TAY-nee-us dis-KECK-toh-mee)

A

treats a herniated intervertebral disk by suctioning it out or vaporizing it

198
Q

Percutaneous

A

means preformed through the skin

199
Q

Percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

treats osteoporosis-related fractures, bone cement is injected to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column

200
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of a lamina or posterior portion of a vertebra

201
Q

Spinal fusion

A

a technique to partially immobilize the spine by fusing some of it together.

202
Q

craniectomy

A

partial removal of part of the cranium

203
Q

craniotomy

A

surgical incision or opening into the skull

204
Q

cranioplasty

A

surgical repair of the skull

205
Q

Osteoclasis

A

the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

206
Q

ostectomy

A

the surgical removal of bone

207
Q

Osteorrhaphy

A

surgical wiring of bone

208
Q

Osteotomy

A

surgical cutting of a bone

209
Q

periosteotomy

A

incision through the periosteum to the bone

210
Q

Closed reduction

A

aka manipulation. attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation by manual force

211
Q

open reduction

A

surgical procedure to realign bones

212
Q

Immobilization

A

aka stabilization. Putting the bone is a fixed position

213
Q

Traction

A

pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in attempt to realign it.

214
Q

External fixation

A

when pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external device can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly during healing.

215
Q

Internal fixation

A

aka open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place. Not typically removed after healing.

216
Q

greenstick fracture

A

incomplete break

217
Q

comminuted fracture

A

, where the bone is just crushed.

218
Q

CR

A

Closed reduction, aka manipulation. attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation by manual force

219
Q

FX

220
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis, type of arthritis that happens when cartilage between joints wear down, typically to age.

221
Q

OP

A

osteoporosis, weaking of bone density that can cause them to break easily

Medical Terminology 101 (20 decks)

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