Ch13 Hose Operations & Hose Streams Flashcards
What is a consideration for closing a wet or dry barrel hydrant? p592
Closing a hydrant too quickly can damage piping and appliances of adjacent residences (water hammer).
Failures or reduction in water supply (volume) or pressure from hydrants can result from… p587
Damaged hydrant valves and connections Broken water mains Greater demand than the system can provide Hydrants located on dead end water mains Closed isolation valves Restricted mains Pipes or hydrants that are frozen
Broken water mains and hydrants located on dead end water mains result in… p587
Failures or reduction in water volume or pressure from hydrants.
Water hammer occurs when… p628
Moving water reaches a closed nozzle and stops with great force.
Hydrants… p588
In general, fire hydrant bonnets, barrels, and foot pieces are made of cast iron. The internal working parts are usually made of bronze.
They also have what connections on the outside?
Regardless of location, design, or type, hydrant discharge outlets are considered standard if they contain the following two components…
A least one large (4 or 4.5” (100mm or 125mm)) outlet often referred to as the pumper outlet nozzle or steamer connection.
Two hose outlet nozzles for 2.5”/65mm couplings.
Dry barrel hydrants… p588
Designed for use in climates with freezing temperatures, the main control valve of the dry barrel hydrant is located at the base or foot of the hydrant below the frost line, and it has an isolation valve on the distribution line. The stem nut used to open and close the control valve is on top of the hydrant. Water is only allowed in the hydrant when the stem nut is operated.
Any water remaining in a closed dry barrel hydrant drains through a small drain valve that opens at the bottom of the hydrant when the main valve approaches a closed position. Turning the stem in a counterclockwise direction opens the valve. Turning the stem in a clockwise direction closes the valve.
Wet barrel hydrants… p588
Wet barrel hydrants have water in the hydrant at all times.
Horizontal compression valves are usually at each outlet, but there may be another control valve in the top of the hydrant.
Out of service hydrants… p589
If water is seen bubbling up out of the ground at the base of a dry barrel hydrant when the hydrant is fully open, a broken component in the hydrant barrel is allowing water to get past the drain opening.
This hydrant should be reported to the water authority that will mark it out of service until repaired.
Fire hydrant connection tools… p590
Firefighters use a variety of tools when making hydrant connections… What does CFD have in their hydrant bag?
Hydrant key Rubber mallet 65mm hydrant gate 125mm to Stortz adapter 65mm double female 65mm double male 125mm to 65mm adapter Two 125mm spanners
Additional precautions should be taken when operating a dry hydrant in areas where freezing is common. If a dry barrel hydrant is not fully opened, the drain may be left partially open. The resulting flow through the drain hole can erode the soil around the base of the hydrant… p593
When a dry barrel hydrant is shut down, verify that the water in the hydrant barrel is draining out. To test the water level, take the following steps…
Turn the stem nut clockwise until resistance is felt to close the main valve, turn turn it a quarter turn counterclockwise.
Cap all discharges except one.
Place the palm of the hand over the open discharge.
You should be able to tell the hydrant is draining because it will make vacuum on your hand if it is.
Hose rollers… p598
Edge protection… these hose rollers protect hose from the damage of dragging hose over sharp corners such as roof edges and window sills.
Large diameter hose drainage… these hose rollers are used quickly to drain water from LDH.
Hose collection… traditionally, these were limited to hand crank spools that allowed fast retrieval of hose. Newer models are walk behind.
Hose valves and appliances… p600
A hose appliance is any hardware used with fire hose to control the flow of water and create pathways for water through hose layouts. Common hose appliances include valves and valve devices, fittings, and intake strainers.
Ball valves… used in pumper discharges and gated wyes, ball valves are open when the handle is in line with the hose and closed when it is at a right angle to the hose.
Butterfly valves… used on large pump intakes and incorporates a flat baffle that turns 90 degrees. Most are operated manually using a quarter turn handle, but some are electric. The baffle is in the centre of the water way and aligned with the flow when the valve is open.
Clapper valves… used in Siamese appliances and FDCs to allow water to flow in one direction only. Clapper valves prevent water from flowing out of unused ports when one intake hose is connected.
Gate valves… are used to control the flow from a hydrant. Gate valves have a baffle that is lowered into the path of the water by turning a screw type handle.
Valve devices… p600
Wye appliances divide a single hose line into two or more lines. Wyes always have a single female with two males.
Siamese appliances always consist of two female connections and a single male. This appliance is to have two hose streams flow into a single outlet stream.
Like two 65mm into a Blitzfire
Fittings… p601
Fittings connect hoses and outlets of different diameters and thread types. They also protect the couplings on standpipes and on apparatus intakes and outlets.
There are two main types of fittings; adapters and reducers.
Adapter is a fitting that connects hose couplings with similar threads and the same inside diameter. The double male and double female are among the most common often used hose fittings. These adapters allow two male couplings or two female couplings of the same diameter and thread type to connect.
Reducers are another common type of hose fitting. They are used to connect a smaller diameter hose line to the end of a larger one.
Forward lay… p601
In a forward hose lay, hose is deployed from the water source to the incident. The first coupling to come off the hose bed for a forward lay should be female unless a Stortz is used. Deploying hose for a forward lay consists of stopping the apparatus at the hydrant and allowing a firefighter to safely leave the apparatus and secure the hose. The firefighter making the hydrant must know the proper procedure for their department.
The primary advantage of a forward lay is that a pumper can remain at the incident scene so its hose, equipment, and tools are readily available. The pump operator can see the fire suppression operation and better react to changes at the fire scene than if the pumper were at the hydrant.
Reverse lay… p603-604
When a pumper must go to the fire location before laying a supply line, a reverse hose lay is deployed from the incident scene to the water source. This deployment is also the quickest way to lay hose if the apparatus that lays the hose must stay at the water source, such as when drafting or boosting hydrant pressure to the supply line.
Deploying a reverse hose lay can delay the initial fire attack. Personnel must remove tools and equipment, including attack hose, from the apparatus and place them at the fire scene before the apparatus proceeds to the water source. The reverse lay also causes the pump operator to stay with the pumper at the water source, preventing the operator from performing essential fire ground activities.
Advancing hoselines… p607
Once hoselines have been laid out from the attack pumper, they must be advanced into position for applying water onto the fire.
Advancing hose over flat surfaces without obstacles is very simple using most advancement methods. Advancing hoselines becomes considerably more difficult when hoses must be deployed up or down stairways, from standpipes, up ladders, and/or deep into buildings.
Before advancing hose into a structure, you must be alert for potential dangers such as backdraft, flashover, and structural collapse. The uncharged attack hoseline is advanced to the designated point of entry… p608
A firefighter may need to remain at each corner or doorway to help guide the hoseline into the structure.
Advancing hose up and down stairs… p608
When advancing hose up a stairway, lay the uncharged hose against the outside wall to keep the stairs as clear as possible and avoid sharp bends and kinks in the hose.
When advancing a charged hoseline up a stairway, excess hose should be deployed on the stairs toward the floor above the fire floor. The weight of the water and gravity will make extending the excess hoseline onto the fire floor that much easier.
Standpipe operations… p609
Hose must be carried by firefighters up interior stairways or in elevators to near the fire floor. The standpipe connection is usually in or near the stairway. You can get a general idea of the fire floor layout when you observe the floor below.
When two lines are advanced from the same stand pipe connection, deploy one down the lower set of stairs and the other up the stair way to lessen the chances of the two hoselines becoming entangled.
Advancing hose up a ladder… p612
Advancing fire hose up a ladder is easier and safer with an uncharged hoseline. In most cases, the firefighter heeling the ground ladder can help feed the hose to those on the ladder.
If the hose is already charged with water, it may help to drain the hose before advancing it up a ladder.
Once the uncharged hoseline has been advanced up the ladder, place the hose line in the middle of the ladder or to the working side only. This helps to keep balance.
Hose streams… p 612
They direct the flow of water from the water supply though nozzles.
The following factors affect a hose stream…
Velocity of the water Flow rate of the water Gravity Wind direction and velocity Air friction Operating pressure Nozzle design and adjustment Condition of nozzle opening
