CH 9: Digestive System Flashcards
Define Bariatrics
Pertaining to the treatment of obesity
-atric = treatment
bari- = weight
Define Digestion
Breakdown of food into elements suitable for cellular absorption and metabolism
-ion = action, condition, process
digest- = to breakdown food
Define Digestive
-ive = nature / quality of
digest- = to breakdown food
Define Gastric
Pertaining to the stomach
-ic = pertaining to
gastr/o- = stomach
Define Gastroenterology
Medical specialty of the stomach and intestines
-logy = study of
gastr/o- = stomach
Define Gastrointestinal
Pertaining to the stomach and intestines
-al = pertaining to
intestin/o- = gut, intestine
Define Intestine
The digestive tube from the stomach to the anus
intestin/o- = gut, intestine
Define Intestinal
Pertaining to the intestines
-al = pertaining to
intestin/o- = gut, intestine
Define Laparoscopy
Examination of the contents of the abdomen using an endoscope
-scopy = to view, examine
lapar/o- = abdomen
Define Lipase
Enzyme that breaks down fat
-ase = enzyme
lip- = fat
Define Mastication
The process of chewing
-ation = process, action
mastic- = chew
Define Peristalsis
Contraction and relaxation of the intestinal wall to move food along the digestive tract
peri- = around
-stalsis = constrict
Define Palate
Roof of the mouth
Define Cleft Palate
A hole or opening in the palate
Define Pharynx
Throat; a tubular structure that extend from the back of the nose to the larynx
pharynx = throat
Define Sublingual
Pertaining to under the tongue
-al = pertaining to
sub- = underneath
-lingu- = tongue
Define Submandibular
Pertaining to underneath the mandible
-ar = pertaining to
sub- = underneath
-mandibul- = mandible
Define Dental caries
Bacterial destruction of teeth
dry rot in Latin, aka cavities
Define Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
-itis = inflammation
gingiv- = gum
Define Halitosis
Bad odor of the breath
-osis = condition
halit- = breath
Define Periodontal
Pertaining to around a tooth
-al = pertaining to
peri- = around
-dont- = tooth
Define Stomatitis
Inflammation/infection of the mouth
-itis = inflammation
stomat/i- = oral cavity, mouth
Define Tartar
A buildup of dental plaque
Define Thrush
Oral infection with Candida Albicans
Define Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing
dys- = difficulty
-phagia = swallowing
Define Emesis
Vomit
to vomit in Greek
Define Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood
NC (non-constructed term) = vomit
hemat- = blood
-emesis = vomit
Define Esophagitis
Inflammation of the lining of the esophagus
esophag- = esophagus
-itis = inflammation, and/or infection
Define Hernia
Protrusion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it
herni/o- = hernia
Define Reflux
Backward flow; the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus
re- = again, back
-flux = flow
Define Duodenum
1st segment of the small intestine;
approx. 12 finger-breadths (9-10 inches) in length
-um = structure, tissue
duoden- = twelve
Define Mucus
Sticky secretion of cells in mucous membranes
slime in Latin
Define Mucous
Relating to mucus or the mucosa
Define Pyrosis
A painful, burning chest pain; sensation of burning in the stomach and lower esophagus
-osis = condition
pyr/o- = fire
aka heartburn
Define Anorexia
Lack of an appetite; or an aversion to food
-ia = condition
an- = without
-orex- = appetite
Define Dyspepsia
Difficult digestion; “upset stomach,” epigastric pain, nausea, and gas
-ia = condition
dys- = difficult, bad
-peps- = digestion
Define Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach/lining of the stomach
-itis = inflammation and/or infection
gastr- = stomach
Define Gastroesophageal
Pertaining to the stomach and esophagus
-al = pertaining to
gastr/o- = stomach
-esophag/o = esophagus
Define Gastroscope
Endoscope for examining the inside of the stomach
-scope = instrument for viewing
gastr/o- = stomach
Define Gastroscopy
Endoscopic examination of the stomach
-scopy = to examine, to view
gastr/o- = stomach
Define ileum
3rd segment of small intestine
-um = structure, tissue
ile- = ileum
Define Jejunum
2nd segment of small intestine (between the duodenum and the ileum)
empty in Latin
jejun- = jejunum
Define Perforation
Erosion in the digestive tract that progresses to become a hole through the wall of a structure
-ion = action, condition
perforat- = bore through
Define Stricture
A narrowing; narrowing of a tube
Define Gastroenteritis
Inflammation / infection of the stomach and intestines
-itis = inflammation
gastr/o- = stomach
-enter- = intestine
Define Bile
Fluid secreted by the liver into the duodenum to break down fats
Define Cirrhosis
Fibrosis of the liver; alcoholism is the most common cause
-osis = condition
cirrh- = yellow
Define Hepatic
Pertaining to the liver
-ic = pertaining to
hepat- = liver
Define Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
-itis = inflammaiton and/or infection
hepat- = liver
Define Jaundice
Yellow discoloration of body tissues (with bile pigments, including bilirubin)
also called icterus
yellow in french
Define Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
-itis = inflammation
chol/e- = bile
-cyst- = bladder
Define Cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of the gallbladder
-ectomy = surgical excision (removal)
chol/e- = bile
-cyst- = bladder
Define Choledocholithiasis
Condition of having a gallstone in the common bile duct
-iasis = condition
choledoch/o- = common bile duct
-lith- = stone
Define Cholelithiasis
Condition of having bile stones (gallstones)
-iasis = condition
chol/e- = bile
lith/o- = stone
Define Cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of the gallbladder
-ectomy = surgical excision (removal)
chol/e- = bile
-cyst- = bladder
Define Choledocholithiasis
Condition of having a gallstone in the common bile duct
-iasis = condition
choledoch/o- = common bile duct
-lith- = stone
Define Cholelithiasis
Condition of having bile stones (gallstones)
-iasis = condition
chol/e- = bile
lith/o- = stone
Define the prefix endo-
within, inside
Define prefix exo-
outward, outside
Define Gallstone
Hard mass that can be formed in the gallbladder and bile duct
(made of cholesterol, calcium, and bilirubin)
gall- = bitter
-stone = pebble
Define gallbladder
Receptacle on the inferior surface of the liver for storing bile
Define Pancreas
lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum
Define Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
-itis = inflammation
pancreat- = pancreas
Define Diarrhea
Abnormally frequent and loose stools
-rrhea = flow, discharge
dia- = complete
Define Constipation
Abnormally hard, infrequent stools/bowel movements
Define Malabsorption
Inadequate gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients
-ion = action, condition, process
mal- = bad, difficult
-absorpt- = swallow, take in
Define Appendicitis
Inflammation / infection of the appendix
-itis = inflammation and/or infection
appendic- = appendix
Define Appendectomy
Surgical removal of the appendix
-ectomy = surgical excision (removal)
appendic- = appendix
Define Colon
The large intestines (extending from the cecum to the rectum)
col- = colon
Define Colitis
Inflammation of the colon
-itis = inflammation
col- = colon
Define Defecation
Process of removing feces; to pass feces through the rectum and anus
-ation = process
fec- = feces
de- = removal
Define Rectum
Terminal part of the colon from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal
rect- = rectum
Define DIgital rectal exam
The palpation of the rectum and prostate with a gloved finger inserted into the anus
Define Bowel
Another name for the intestines; small intestine/bowel and large intestines/bowel
sausage in Latin
Define Diverticulum
A pouch-like opening or sac from a tubular structure (ex: intestine)
-um = tissue, structure
diverticul- = byroad
plural is Diverticula
Define Diverticulitis
Inflammation of the diverticula
-itis = inflammation
diverticul- = byroad
Define Fissure
Deep furrow or cleft
slit in Latin
Define Fistula
Abnormal passage
Define Hemmorrhoid
Dilated veins in the anal canal
-rrhoid = flow
hem/o- = blood
hemmorrhoids = plural
Define Peritoneum
Membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
-um = tissue, structure
periton/e- = stretch over
Define Peritoneal
Pertaining to the peritoneum
-al = pertaining to
periton/e- = stretch over
Define Lumen
The interior space of a tube-like structure
Define Endoscope
Instrument to examine the inside of a hollow or tubular organ
endo- = within, inside
-scope = instrument for viewing
Define Endoscopy
The use of an endoscope
-scopy = to examine, to view
endo- = within, inside
Define Colonoscopy
Examination of the inside of the colon by endoscopy
-scopy = to examine, to view
colon- = colon
Define Enema
An injection of fluid into the rectum
injection in Greek
Define Colostomy
Artificial opening from the colon to the outside of the body
-stomy = new opening
col/o- = colon
Define Stoma
An artificial opening
