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HLTH 125 > CH 9: Digestive System > Flashcards

CH 9: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Define Bariatrics

A

Pertaining to the treatment of obesity

-atric = treatment
bari- = weight

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2
Q

Define Digestion

A

Breakdown of food into elements suitable for cellular absorption and metabolism

-ion = action, condition, process
digest- = to breakdown food

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3
Q

Define Digestive

A

-ive = nature / quality of
digest- = to breakdown food

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4
Q

Define Gastric

A

Pertaining to the stomach

-ic = pertaining to
gastr/o- = stomach

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5
Q

Define Gastroenterology

A

Medical specialty of the stomach and intestines

-logy = study of
gastr/o- = stomach

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6
Q

Define Gastrointestinal

A

Pertaining to the stomach and intestines

-al = pertaining to
intestin/o- = gut, intestine

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7
Q

Define Intestine

A

The digestive tube from the stomach to the anus

intestin/o- = gut, intestine

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8
Q

Define Intestinal

A

Pertaining to the intestines

-al = pertaining to
intestin/o- = gut, intestine

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9
Q

Define Laparoscopy

A

Examination of the contents of the abdomen using an endoscope

-scopy = to view, examine
lapar/o- = abdomen

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10
Q

Define Lipase

A

Enzyme that breaks down fat

-ase = enzyme
lip- = fat

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11
Q

Define Mastication

A

The process of chewing

-ation = process, action
mastic- = chew

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12
Q

Define Peristalsis

A

Contraction and relaxation of the intestinal wall to move food along the digestive tract

peri- = around
-stalsis = constrict

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13
Q

Define Palate

A

Roof of the mouth

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14
Q

Define Cleft Palate

A

A hole or opening in the palate

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15
Q

Define Pharynx

A

Throat; a tubular structure that extend from the back of the nose to the larynx

pharynx = throat

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16
Q

Define Sublingual

A

Pertaining to under the tongue

-al = pertaining to
sub- = underneath
-lingu- = tongue

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17
Q

Define Submandibular

A

Pertaining to underneath the mandible

-ar = pertaining to
sub- = underneath
-mandibul- = mandible

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18
Q

Define Dental caries

A

Bacterial destruction of teeth

dry rot in Latin, aka cavities

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19
Q

Define Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums

-itis = inflammation
gingiv- = gum

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20
Q

Define Halitosis

A

Bad odor of the breath

-osis = condition
halit- = breath

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21
Q

Define Periodontal

A

Pertaining to around a tooth

-al = pertaining to
peri- = around
-dont- = tooth

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22
Q

Define Stomatitis

A

Inflammation/infection of the mouth

-itis = inflammation
stomat/i- = oral cavity, mouth

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23
Q

Define Tartar

A

A buildup of dental plaque

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24
Q

Define Thrush

A

Oral infection with Candida Albicans

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25
Define Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing dys- = difficulty -phagia = swallowing
26
Define Emesis
Vomit to vomit in Greek
27
Define Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood NC (non-constructed term) = vomit hemat- = blood -emesis = vomit
28
Define Esophagitis
Inflammation of the lining of the esophagus esophag- = esophagus -itis = inflammation, and/or infection
29
Define Hernia
Protrusion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it herni/o- = hernia
30
Define Reflux
Backward flow; the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus re- = again, back -flux = flow
31
Define Duodenum
**1st segment of the small intestine;** approx. 12 finger-breadths (9-10 inches) in length -um = structure, tissue duoden- = twelve
32
Define Mucus
Sticky secretion of cells in mucous membranes slime in Latin
33
Define Mucous
Relating to mucus or the mucosa
34
Define Pyrosis
A painful, burning chest pain; sensation of burning in the stomach and lower esophagus -osis = condition pyr/o- = fire aka heartburn
35
Define Anorexia
Lack of an appetite; or an aversion to food -ia = condition an- = without -orex- = appetite
36
Define Dyspepsia
Difficult digestion; "upset stomach," epigastric pain, nausea, and gas -ia = condition dys- = difficult, bad -peps- = digestion
37
Define Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach/lining of the stomach -itis = inflammation and/or infection gastr- = stomach
38
Define Gastroesophageal
Pertaining to the stomach and esophagus -al = pertaining to gastr/o- = stomach -esophag/o = esophagus
39
Define Gastroscope
Endoscope for examining the inside of the stomach -scope = instrument for viewing gastr/o- = stomach
40
Define Gastroscopy
Endoscopic examination of the stomach -scopy = to examine, to view gastr/o- = stomach
41
Define ileum
3rd segment of small intestine -um = structure, tissue ile- = ileum
42
Define Jejunum
**2nd segment of small intestine** (between the duodenum and the ileum) empty in Latin jejun- = jejunum
43
Define Perforation
Erosion in the digestive tract that progresses to become a hole through the wall of a structure -ion = action, condition perforat- = bore through
44
Define Stricture
A narrowing; narrowing of a tube
45
Define Gastroenteritis
Inflammation / infection of the stomach and intestines -itis = inflammation gastr/o- = stomach -enter- = intestine
46
Define Bile
Fluid secreted by the liver into the duodenum to break down fats
47
Define Cirrhosis
Fibrosis of the liver; alcoholism is the most common cause -osis = condition cirrh- = yellow
48
Define Hepatic
Pertaining to the liver -ic = pertaining to hepat- = liver
49
Define Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver -itis = inflammaiton and/or infection hepat- = liver
50
Define Jaundice
**Yellow discoloration of body tissues** (with bile pigments, including bilirubin) **also called icterus** yellow in french
51
Define Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder -itis = inflammation chol/e- = bile -cyst- = bladder
52
Define Cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of the gallbladder -ectomy = surgical excision (removal) chol/e- = bile -cyst- = bladder
53
Define Choledocholithiasis
Condition of having a gallstone in the common bile duct -iasis = condition choledoch/o- = common bile duct -lith- = stone
54
Define Cholelithiasis
Condition of having bile stones (gallstones) -iasis = condition chol/e- = bile lith/o- = stone
55
Define Cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of the gallbladder -ectomy = surgical excision (removal) chol/e- = bile -cyst- = bladder
56
Define Choledocholithiasis
Condition of having a gallstone in the common bile duct -iasis = condition choledoch/o- = common bile duct -lith- = stone
57
Define Cholelithiasis
Condition of having bile stones (gallstones) -iasis = condition chol/e- = bile lith/o- = stone
58
Define the prefix endo-
within, inside
59
Define prefix exo-
outward, outside
60
Define Gallstone
Hard mass that can be formed in the gallbladder and bile duct (made of cholesterol, calcium, and bilirubin) gall- = bitter -stone = pebble
61
Define gallbladder
Receptacle on the inferior surface of the liver for storing bile
62
Define Pancreas
lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum
63
Define Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas -itis = inflammation pancreat- = pancreas
64
Define Diarrhea
Abnormally frequent and loose stools -rrhea = flow, discharge dia- = complete
65
Define Constipation
Abnormally hard, infrequent stools/bowel movements
66
Define Malabsorption
Inadequate gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients -ion = action, condition, process mal- = bad, difficult -absorpt- = swallow, take in
67
Define Appendicitis
Inflammation / infection of the appendix -itis = inflammation and/or infection appendic- = appendix
68
Define Appendectomy
Surgical removal of the appendix -ectomy = surgical excision (removal) appendic- = appendix
69
Define Colon
The large intestines (extending from the cecum to the rectum) col- = colon
70
Define Colitis
Inflammation of the colon -itis = inflammation col- = colon
71
Define Defecation
**Process of removing feces;** to pass feces through the rectum and anus -ation = process fec- = feces de- = removal
72
Define Rectum
Terminal part of the colon from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal rect- = rectum
73
Define DIgital rectal exam
The palpation of the rectum and prostate with a gloved finger inserted into the anus
74
Define Bowel
Another name for the intestines; small intestine/bowel and large intestines/bowel sausage in Latin
75
Define Diverticulum
A pouch-like opening or sac from a tubular structure (ex: intestine) -um = tissue, structure diverticul- = byroad plural is Diverticula
76
Define Diverticulitis
Inflammation of the diverticula -itis = inflammation diverticul- = byroad
76
Define Fissure
Deep furrow or cleft slit in Latin
77
Define Fistula
Abnormal passage
78
Define Hemmorrhoid
Dilated veins in the anal canal -rrhoid = flow hem/o- = blood hemmorrhoids = plural
79
Define Peritoneum
Membrane that lines the abdominal cavity -um = tissue, structure periton/e- = stretch over
80
Define Peritoneal
Pertaining to the peritoneum -al = pertaining to periton/e- = stretch over
81
Define Lumen
The interior space of a tube-like structure
82
Define Endoscope
Instrument to examine the inside of a hollow or tubular organ endo- = within, inside -scope = instrument for viewing
83
Define Endoscopy
The use of an endoscope -scopy = to examine, to view endo- = within, inside
84
Define Colonoscopy
Examination of the inside of the colon by endoscopy -scopy = to examine, to view colon- = colon
85
Define Enema
An injection of fluid into the rectum injection in Greek
86
Define Colostomy
Artificial opening from the colon to the outside of the body -stomy = new opening col/o- = colon
87
Define Stoma
An artificial opening

HLTH 125 (15 decks)

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