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HLTH 125 > CH 9: Digestive System > Flashcards

CH 9: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Define Bariatrics

A

Pertaining to the treatment of obesity

-atric = treatment
bari- = weight

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2
Q

Define Digestion

A

Breakdown of food into elements suitable for cellular absorption and metabolism

-ion = action, condition, process
digest- = to breakdown food

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3
Q

Define Digestive

A

-ive = nature / quality of
digest- = to breakdown food

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4
Q

Define Gastric

A

Pertaining to the stomach

-ic = pertaining to
gastr/o- = stomach

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5
Q

Define Gastroenterology

A

Medical specialty of the stomach and intestines

-logy = study of
gastr/o- = stomach

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6
Q

Define Gastrointestinal

A

Pertaining to the stomach and intestines

-al = pertaining to
intestin/o- = gut, intestine

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7
Q

Define Intestine

A

The digestive tube from the stomach to the anus

intestin/o- = gut, intestine

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8
Q

Define Intestinal

A

Pertaining to the intestines

-al = pertaining to
intestin/o- = gut, intestine

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9
Q

Define Laparoscopy

A

Examination of the contents of the abdomen using an endoscope

-scopy = to view, examine
lapar/o- = abdomen

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10
Q

Define Lipase

A

Enzyme that breaks down fat

-ase = enzyme
lip- = fat

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11
Q

Define Mastication

A

The process of chewing

-ation = process, action
mastic- = chew

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12
Q

Define Peristalsis

A

Contraction and relaxation of the intestinal wall to move food along the digestive tract

peri- = around
-stalsis = constrict

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13
Q

Define Palate

A

Roof of the mouth

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14
Q

Define Cleft Palate

A

A hole or opening in the palate

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15
Q

Define Pharynx

A

Throat; a tubular structure that extend from the back of the nose to the larynx

pharynx = throat

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16
Q

Define Sublingual

A

Pertaining to under the tongue

-al = pertaining to
sub- = underneath
-lingu- = tongue

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17
Q

Define Submandibular

A

Pertaining to underneath the mandible

-ar = pertaining to
sub- = underneath
-mandibul- = mandible

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18
Q

Define Dental caries

A

Bacterial destruction of teeth

dry rot in Latin, aka cavities

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19
Q

Define Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums

-itis = inflammation
gingiv- = gum

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20
Q

Define Halitosis

A

Bad odor of the breath

-osis = condition
halit- = breath

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21
Q

Define Periodontal

A

Pertaining to around a tooth

-al = pertaining to
peri- = around
-dont- = tooth

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22
Q

Define Stomatitis

A

Inflammation/infection of the mouth

-itis = inflammation
stomat/i- = oral cavity, mouth

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23
Q

Define Tartar

A

A buildup of dental plaque

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24
Q

Define Thrush

A

Oral infection with Candida Albicans

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25
Q

Define Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

dys- = difficulty
-phagia = swallowing

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26
Q

Define Emesis

A

Vomit

to vomit in Greek

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27
Q

Define Hematemesis

A

Vomiting of blood

NC (non-constructed term) = vomit
hemat- = blood
-emesis = vomit

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28
Q

Define Esophagitis

A

Inflammation of the lining of the esophagus

esophag- = esophagus
-itis = inflammation, and/or infection

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29
Q

Define Hernia

A

Protrusion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it

herni/o- = hernia

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30
Q

Define Reflux

A

Backward flow; the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus

re- = again, back
-flux = flow

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31
Q

Define Duodenum

A

1st segment of the small intestine;

approx. 12 finger-breadths (9-10 inches) in length

-um = structure, tissue
duoden- = twelve

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32
Q

Define Mucus

A

Sticky secretion of cells in mucous membranes

slime in Latin

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33
Q

Define Mucous

A

Relating to mucus or the mucosa

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34
Q

Define Pyrosis

A

A painful, burning chest pain; sensation of burning in the stomach and lower esophagus

-osis = condition
pyr/o- = fire

aka heartburn

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35
Q

Define Anorexia

A

Lack of an appetite; or an aversion to food

-ia = condition
an- = without
-orex- = appetite

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36
Q

Define Dyspepsia

A

Difficult digestion; “upset stomach,” epigastric pain, nausea, and gas

-ia = condition
dys- = difficult, bad
-peps- = digestion

37
Q

Define Gastritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach/lining of the stomach

-itis = inflammation and/or infection
gastr- = stomach

38
Q

Define Gastroesophageal

A

Pertaining to the stomach and esophagus

-al = pertaining to
gastr/o- = stomach
-esophag/o = esophagus

39
Q

Define Gastroscope

A

Endoscope for examining the inside of the stomach

-scope = instrument for viewing
gastr/o- = stomach

40
Q

Define Gastroscopy

A

Endoscopic examination of the stomach

-scopy = to examine, to view
gastr/o- = stomach

41
Q

Define ileum

A

3rd segment of small intestine

-um = structure, tissue
ile- = ileum

42
Q

Define Jejunum

A

2nd segment of small intestine (between the duodenum and the ileum)

empty in Latin
jejun- = jejunum

43
Q

Define Perforation

A

Erosion in the digestive tract that progresses to become a hole through the wall of a structure

-ion = action, condition
perforat- = bore through

44
Q

Define Stricture

A

A narrowing; narrowing of a tube

45
Q

Define Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation / infection of the stomach and intestines

-itis = inflammation
gastr/o- = stomach
-enter- = intestine

46
Q

Define Bile

A

Fluid secreted by the liver into the duodenum to break down fats

47
Q

Define Cirrhosis

A

Fibrosis of the liver; alcoholism is the most common cause

-osis = condition
cirrh- = yellow

48
Q

Define Hepatic

A

Pertaining to the liver

-ic = pertaining to
hepat- = liver

49
Q

Define Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

-itis = inflammaiton and/or infection
hepat- = liver

50
Q

Define Jaundice

A

Yellow discoloration of body tissues (with bile pigments, including bilirubin)

also called icterus

yellow in french

51
Q

Define Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

-itis = inflammation
chol/e- = bile
-cyst- = bladder

52
Q

Define Cholecystectomy

A

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

-ectomy = surgical excision (removal)
chol/e- = bile
-cyst- = bladder

53
Q

Define Choledocholithiasis

A

Condition of having a gallstone in the common bile duct

-iasis = condition
choledoch/o- = common bile duct
-lith- = stone

54
Q

Define Cholelithiasis

A

Condition of having bile stones (gallstones)

-iasis = condition
chol/e- = bile
lith/o- = stone

55
Q

Define Cholecystectomy

A

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

-ectomy = surgical excision (removal)
chol/e- = bile
-cyst- = bladder

56
Q

Define Choledocholithiasis

A

Condition of having a gallstone in the common bile duct

-iasis = condition
choledoch/o- = common bile duct
-lith- = stone

57
Q

Define Cholelithiasis

A

Condition of having bile stones (gallstones)

-iasis = condition
chol/e- = bile
lith/o- = stone

58
Q

Define the prefix endo-

A

within, inside

59
Q

Define prefix exo-

A

outward, outside

60
Q

Define Gallstone

A

Hard mass that can be formed in the gallbladder and bile duct

(made of cholesterol, calcium, and bilirubin)

gall- = bitter
-stone = pebble

61
Q

Define gallbladder

A

Receptacle on the inferior surface of the liver for storing bile

62
Q

Define Pancreas

A

lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum

63
Q

Define Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

-itis = inflammation
pancreat- = pancreas

64
Q

Define Diarrhea

A

Abnormally frequent and loose stools

-rrhea = flow, discharge
dia- = complete

65
Q

Define Constipation

A

Abnormally hard, infrequent stools/bowel movements

66
Q

Define Malabsorption

A

Inadequate gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients

-ion = action, condition, process
mal- = bad, difficult
-absorpt- = swallow, take in

67
Q

Define Appendicitis

A

Inflammation / infection of the appendix

-itis = inflammation and/or infection
appendic- = appendix

68
Q

Define Appendectomy

A

Surgical removal of the appendix

-ectomy = surgical excision (removal)
appendic- = appendix

69
Q

Define Colon

A

The large intestines (extending from the cecum to the rectum)

col- = colon

70
Q

Define Colitis

A

Inflammation of the colon

-itis = inflammation
col- = colon

71
Q

Define Defecation

A

Process of removing feces; to pass feces through the rectum and anus

-ation = process
fec- = feces
de- = removal

72
Q

Define Rectum

A

Terminal part of the colon from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal

rect- = rectum

73
Q

Define DIgital rectal exam

A

The palpation of the rectum and prostate with a gloved finger inserted into the anus

74
Q

Define Bowel

A

Another name for the intestines; small intestine/bowel and large intestines/bowel

sausage in Latin

75
Q

Define Diverticulum

A

A pouch-like opening or sac from a tubular structure (ex: intestine)

-um = tissue, structure
diverticul- = byroad

plural is Diverticula

76
Q

Define Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of the diverticula

-itis = inflammation
diverticul- = byroad

76
Q

Define Fissure

A

Deep furrow or cleft

slit in Latin

77
Q

Define Fistula

A

Abnormal passage

78
Q

Define Hemmorrhoid

A

Dilated veins in the anal canal

-rrhoid = flow
hem/o- = blood

hemmorrhoids = plural

79
Q

Define Peritoneum

A

Membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

-um = tissue, structure
periton/e- = stretch over

80
Q

Define Peritoneal

A

Pertaining to the peritoneum

-al = pertaining to
periton/e- = stretch over

81
Q

Define Lumen

A

The interior space of a tube-like structure

82
Q

Define Endoscope

A

Instrument to examine the inside of a hollow or tubular organ

endo- = within, inside
-scope = instrument for viewing

83
Q

Define Endoscopy

A

The use of an endoscope

-scopy = to examine, to view
endo- = within, inside

84
Q

Define Colonoscopy

A

Examination of the inside of the colon by endoscopy

-scopy = to examine, to view
colon- = colon

85
Q

Define Enema

A

An injection of fluid into the rectum

injection in Greek

86
Q

Define Colostomy

A

Artificial opening from the colon to the outside of the body

-stomy = new opening
col/o- = colon

87
Q

Define Stoma

A

An artificial opening

HLTH 125 (15 decks)

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