CH 7.1: Hematic (Blood) System Flashcards
Define Anemia
Decreased number of red blood cells (hemoglobin) (RBCs)
-emia = a blood condition
an- = without
Define Antecubital
in front of the elbow (opposite elbow bone)
-al = pertaining to
ante- = in front of, before
-cubit- = elbow
Define Colloid
Liquid containing suspended particles. Blood is a colloid.
-oid = resembling
coll- = glue
Define Hematocrit (Hct)
Identifies percentage of red blood cells in the blood.
-crit = to separate
hemat/o = blood
Define Hematology
Medical specialty of the study of blood and its disorders
-logy = study of, specialty
hemat/o = blood
Define Hematologist
Specialist in hematology
-logist = one who studies, specialist
Define Plasma
The fluid (clear-to-yellow liquid) that is the noncellular component of blood
Define Spleen
Acts as a reservoir (stores) for red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets.
Vascular, lymphatic organ in left upper quadrant of abdomen.
Define Splenomegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the spleen
-megaly = enlargement
splen/o = spleen
Define Agglutination
Process of cells or particles forming clumps. (glue together to clump)
Can occur when patient is given wrong blood type.
-ation = action, process
ag- = to (same as ad-)
-glutin- = glue
Define Erythrocyte
Red Blood Cell (RBC)
-cyte = cell
Erythr/o- = red
Define Erythema
Redness of skin due to increased blood flow in the area
redness of the skin in Greek
Define Erythrocytosis
Condition of having too many Erythrocytes (RBCs - red blood cells)
-cytosis = a condition of too many cells
erythr/o- = red
Define Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Red-pigmented protein that is main component of red blood cells
Gives RBCs their red color.
-globin = protein
hem/o- = blood
What does an Hgb Test do?
Reveals the amount of hemoglobin in the blood
Define Hypoxia
Condition of deficient levels of oxygen in the body.
-ia = condition
hypo- = below, deficient
-ox- = oxygen
Define Hypoxic
Pertaining to being deficient in oxygen in the body
-ic = pertaining to
hypo- = below, deficient
-ox- = oxygen
Define Lethargy
Deep and lasting drowsiness where one can be aroused only with difficulty and temporarily
Define Malaise
General feeling of discomfort, illness, or lack of well-being
Latin/French:
Mal- = bad (latin)
-aise = ease (french)
Define Occult Blood
Blood that can’t be seen or detected in a substance (ex. poop/stool) without the aid of lab testing.
occult = to hide in latin
Define Pallor
Paleness of the skin
Define suffix -emia
Blood condition
Define Sickle Cell Anemia
genetic disorder characterized by production of abnormal hemoglobin causing RBCs to change shape.
commonly found in African Americans, Africans, and some Mediterranean populations.
Define Agranulocyte
A white blood cell without any granules in its cytoplasm.
-cyte = cell
a- = without, not
-granul/o- = little grain, granule
Define prefixes a- and an-
without
Define suffix -phil
attraction
Define WBC Differential
A test that lists the percentage of the different types of Leukocytes present.
Define Granulocyte
A white blood cell that contains multiple small granules in its cytoplasm
-cyte = cell
granul/o- = little grain, granule
Define Leukocytosis
An excessive number of white blood cells
-cytosis = condition of too many cells
leuk/o- = white
Define Lymphocyte
White blood cell with a large nucleus;
like the “BIG GUNS” or “DAVID GOGGINS” of the WBCs. Unlike the neutrophils, their numbers are steady unless the infection is persistent. ;)
-cyte = cell
lymph/o- = lymph
Define Hemolysis
-lysis = destruction
hem/o- = blood
Destruction of red blood cells so hemoglobin is liberated
Define Neutrophil
Type of Leukocyte (WBC) responsible for much of body’s protection against infection.
Commonly referred to the marines of the WBCs - first responders to infection and injury and can increase in number quickly in response to an infection.
-phil = attraction
neutr/o- = neutral
Define Neutropenia
A deficiency in Neutrophils (marines of the WBC)
-penia = deficiency, condition of too few
neutr/o = neutral
Define Neutrophilia
An increase in neutrophils
-philia = condition of attraction
Define Polymorphonuclear
White blood cell with a multi-lobed nucleus
literally nucleus with many shapes
-ar = pertaining to
poly- = many
morph/o- = shape
nucle/o- = nucleus
Define Coagulation
Process of blood clotting to maintain hemostasis
-ation = action, process
coagul/o = clot, clump
Define Anticoagulation
Substance that prevents clotting
-ation = action, process
anti- = against
coagul/o- = clot, clump
Define Hematoma
Bruise or contusion
collection of blood that has escaped from vessels into surrounding tissues (but remains fairly flat)
commonly called a “goose egg” indicates collection of blood that has caused an elevated skin level
-oma = mass, tumor
hemat- = blood
Define Hemophilia
An inherited disease from a deficiency of clotting factor VIII which causes an inability to clot blood properly leading to excessive bleeding.
-philia = condition of attraction
hem/o- = blood
Define Hemostasis
Control of, or stopping, bleeding
-stasis = control, stop
hem/o- = blood
note: home/o- = same (different meaning!)
Define Homeostasis
maintaining equilibrium of a system / body’s internal environment (stability of)
-stasis = control, stop
home/o- = same
Define Leukemia
A cancer of the blood forming tissue
-emia = a blood condition
leuk/o = white
Define Leukopenia
A deficient number of white blood cells
-penia = deficiency, condition of two few
leuk/o- = white
Define Macrophage
A large white blood cell that removes bacteria, foreign particles, and dead cells
macro- = large
-phage = to eat, engulf
Define Pancytopenia
Deficiency of all types of blood
-penia = deficiency
pan- = all
-cyt/o- = cell
Define Phagocyte
A type of cell capable of engulfing and absorbing pathogens, foreign particles, or dying cells.
Monocytes are one type of phagocyte
-cyte = cell
phag/o- = engulf, swallow
Define Phagocytosis
The process of ingestion and destruction of pathogens, foreign particles, or dying cells by phagocytes.
-cytosis = a condition of cells
phag/o- = engulf, swallow
Define Thrombocyte
another name for a platelet; plays a key role in hemostasis
-cyte = cell
thromb/o- = blood clot
Define Thrombocytopenia
Deficiency of platelets in circulating blood
-penia = deficiency, condition of too few
thromb/o- = blood clot
-cyt/o- = cell
Define Embolus
A piece of a clot (thrombus) that has broken off into the circulation from its original location and traveled to another location
-us = structure, thing
embol/o- = clot
thromb/o- = clot
Define Thrombus
A clot attached to a blood vessel wall or heart wall
-us = structure, thing
Thromb/o = clot
Define Infusion
Introduction intravenously of a substance other than blood
Define Petechia
Bleeding into the skin from capillary beds; pinpoint sized hemorrhagic spot in the skin
can be a sign of a serious bleeding disorder
plural: Petechiae
Define Purpura
Bleeding into the skin from arterioles;
skin hemorrhages are red initially, then turn purple.
larger than the pin-point hemorrhages called petechiae
Purple in Greek
Define Transfusion
Transfer of blood or a blood component from donor to recipient
trans- = across
-fusion = to pour
Define Pathogen
A disease-causing microorganism
-gen = produce, create, form
path/o- = disease
Define Coagulopathy
Disorder of blood clotting
-pathy = disease
coagul/o- = clotting, clumping
plural: coagulopathies
Define Macrocyte
Abnormally large red blood cell; usually noted in anemias
-macro = large
-cyte = cell
Define Macrocytic
Pertaining to a large red blood cell
-ic = pertaining to
-cyt- = cell
macro- = large
Define Microcyte
Abnormally small red blood cell, usually noted in certain anemias
micro- = small
-cyte = cell
Define Microcytic
Pertaining to a small red blood cell
-ic = pertaining to
micro- = small
-cyte = cell
Define prefix trans-
across or through
