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HLTH 125 > CH 6: Cardiovascular & Circulatory Systems > Flashcards

CH 6: Cardiovascular & Circulatory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Define Apex

A

tip or point end

(directional term usually referring to top of, but in heart it means lower heart)

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2
Q

Define Cardiac

A

Pertaining to the heart

cardi/o = heart

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3
Q

Define Cardiologist

A

Medical specialist in diagnosis and treatment of heart

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4
Q

Define Cardiology

A

Study of the heart

OR Medical Specialty of diseases of the heart

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5
Q

Define Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

A

CPR

The attempt to restore cardiac (heart) and pulmonary (lung) function

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6
Q

Define Cardiovascular

A

Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

-ar = pertaining to
cardi/o- = heart
-vascul- = blood vessel

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7
Q

What is (are) a Chamber(s)?

A

Enclosed space/section in a body

heart has 4x chambers

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8
Q

Define Diaphoresis

A

Condition of sweating

(abnormally sweaty or excessive perspiration)

-esis = condition
diaphor- = sweat

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9
Q

Define Diaphoretic

A

Pertaining to abnormal/excessive sweating/persperation

-etic = pertaining to
diaphor- = sweat

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10
Q

Define Electrocardiogram

A

Record of electrical signals of heart

electr/o- = electricity
-gram = a record
-cardi/o- = heart

abbreviated as ‘ECG’ or ‘EKG’

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11
Q

Define Electrocardiograph

A

Machine used for electrocardiograms

electr/o- = electricity
-cardi/o- = heart
-graph = to record / instrument that records

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12
Q

Define Electrocardiography

A

Process of recording electrical signals of the heart

electr/o- = electricity
-cardi/o- = heart
-graphy = process of recording

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13
Q

Define Mediastinum

A

Space within chest between lungs

(contains heart, aorta, venae cava, esophagus, and trachea)

-um = structure
media- = middle
-stin- = partition

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14
Q

Define Phlebotomist

A

Person skilled in taking blood from veins

-ist = specialist in
phleb/o- = vein
-tom- = incise, cut

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15
Q

Define Phlebotomy

A

Surgical incision of a vein to withdraw blood (through needle or catheter)

-tomy = surgical incision
-phleb/o- = vein
-tom- = incise, cut

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16
Q

Define Thoracic Cavity

A

A space within the chest

(contains lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, aorta, venae cavae, and pulmonary vessels)

-ic = pertaining to
thorac- = chest

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17
Q

Define Aorta

A

Main trunk of the systemic arterial system

-ic = pertaining to
aort- = aorta

trunk = main part from which smaller parts branch off

delivers blood to the whole body

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18
Q

Define Coronary Circulation

A

Blood flow through the vessels supplying the heart

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19
Q

Define Circulation

A

Continuous movement of blood through heart, arteries, and veins

-ion = action, condition
circulat- = circular route

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20
Q

Define Circulatory

A

Pertaining to a circuit

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21
Q

Define Circulatory System

A

Refers to the heart, arteries, and veins

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22
Q

Define Endocardium

A

Structure inside heart

-um = structure
endo- = inside
-cardi- = heart

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23
Q

Define Epicardium

A

outer layer of heart wall

epi- = above, upon

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24
Q

Define Infarct

A

Area of cell death resulting from an infarction

in- = in
-farct- = area of dead tissue

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25
Define Infarction
Condition of cell death due to a blockage of an artery in- = in -farct- = area of dead tissue -ion = action, condition
26
Define Ischemia
Lack of blood supply to a tissue -emia = condition of blood isch- = to keep back
27
Define Myocardium
Middle, muscular layer of the heart my/o- = muscle
28
Define Myocardial Infarction
**Cell death of myocardial cells** (heart muscle tissue) due to **lack of blood supply** AKA: a **heart attack** abbreviated as 'MI'
29
Define Necrosis
Pathologic death of cells or tissue
30
Define Necrotic
Pertaining to or affected by necrosis -tic = pertaining to necr/o- = death
31
Define Pericardium
A double layer of membranes covering/surrounding the heart
32
Define Pulmonary
Pertaining to lungs and their blood supply
33
Define Atrium
**The two superior chambers of the heart** where blood enters on both the right and left sides -um = structure atri- = entrance, atrium
34
Define Septum
A thin wall dividing two cavities
35
Define Ventricles
The two lower chambers of the heart (pumps blood)
36
Define Valve
Directs the flow of blood by closing so it doesn't backflow
37
Define Arrhythmia
Condition of abnormal heart rhythm -ia = condition a- = without -rrhythm- = rhythm Synonym of Dysrhythmia
38
Define Dysrhythmia
Condition of an abnormal heart rhythm -ia = condition dys- = bad, difficult -rhythm- = rhythm Synonym of Arrhythmia
39
Define Diastole
The **dilation (widening) of heart cavities,** during which they fill with blood
40
Define Murmur
Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation of the heart or blood vessels (most common when valve closes/opens abnormally) Latin = low voice
41
Define Systole
Contraction (tightening/shortening) of the heart muscle
42
Define Defibrillation
Restoration of normal cardiac activity in life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias -fibrill- (root) = small fiber
43
Define Fibrillation
Uncontrolled quivering or twitching of the heart muscle
44
Define Palpitation
Forcible, rapid beat of the heart felt by the patient palpit- = throb
45
Define Cardiomegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the heart -megaly = abnormal enlargement cardi/o- = heart
46
Define Cardiomyopathy
Disease of the muscle of the heart (muscle of heart = myocardium) -pathy = disease cardi/o- = heart -my/o- = muscle
47
Define Hypertrophy
increase in size, not number, of tissue hyper- = above, excessive -trophy = development/nourishment
48
Define Myocarditis
Inflammation/infection of the heart muscle -itis = inflammation, infection my/o- = muscle -cardi- = heart
49
Define Pericarditis
Inflammation around the heart -itis = inflammation, infection peri- = around -cardi- = heart
50
Define Prolapse
Falling or **slipping of a body part** (ex. heart valve) **from its normal** position (of heart valve = valvular prolapse)
51
Define Regurgitate
to flow backward (ex. blood through heart valve) -ate = pertaining to re- = back -gurgit- = flood
52
Define Stenosis
Narrowing of a canal or passage
53
Define Anoxia
Condition of being without oxygen -ox- = oxygen or O2 (O w/ mini 2)
54
Define Arteriosclerosis
Abnormal condition of hardening of the arteries -sis = abnormal condition arteri/o- = artery -scler/o- = hardness
55
Define Asystole
Absence of contractions of the heart (no heart beat) a- = without -systol/e = contraction
56
Define Atherosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries due to atheroma (plaque) -sis = abnormal condition ather/o- = porridge, gruel -scler/o- = hardness
57
Define Cardiogenic
A condition that originates from the heart -gen- = produce
58
Define Hypovolemia
Decreased blood volume in the body -emia = blood condition hypo- = below, deficient -vol- = volume
59
Define Occlusion
A complete obstruction
60
Define Substernal
Pertaining to under the breastbone (sternum) -al = pertaining to sub- = under, beneath -stern- = chest
61
Define Bradycardia
A slow heart rate (less than 60 bpm for adult) -ia = condition brady- = slow cardi- = heart
62
Define Tachycardia
A fast heart rate -ia = condition tachy- = fast cardi- = heart
63
Define Hypertension
Excessive or persistent high arterial blood pressure -ion = condition, action hyper- = excessive -tens- = pressure
64
Define Hypotension
Excessive or persistent low arterial blood pressure -ion = condition, action hypo- = low, less than normal -tens- = pressure
65
Define Patent
open, direct channel patent = lie open
66
Define Angioplasty
Surgical repair of a blood vessel -plasty = surgical repair angi/o- = blood vessel
67
Define Catheter
Hollow tube that allows passage of fluid into or out of a body cavity, organ, or vessel
68
Define Stent
**Wire-mesh tube used to keep arteries open** name = Charles Stent (English dentist, 19th century)
69
Define Thrombus
A clot attached to a diseased blood vessel (or heart lining) thromb/o- = blood clot thrombi = plural blood clots
70
Define Thrombolytic
A **drug** able to dissolve or **break up** a blood clot **-lytic = pertaining to destruction** thromb/o- = blood clot
71
Define Thrombolysis
Dissolving of a thrombus (clot) **-lysis = dissolve** thromb/o- = blood clot
72
Define the suffix -osis
condition
73
Define Anticoagulant
Against forming clumps **a drug that prevents clotting** by reducing susceptibility to thrombus (clot) formation -ant = forming anti- = against -coagul- = clump, clotting
74
Define Diuretic
A drug that increases urine output -ic = pertaining to di- = through -uret- = urination
75
Define Vasoconstrictor
**Agent** that **reduces** the diameter of a blood vessel -or = that which does some thing vas/o- = blood vessel -constrict- = narrow
76
Define Vasoconstriction
The **process** of a blood vessel **decreasing** in diameter -ion = action, process vas/o- = blood vessel -constrict- = narrow
77
Define Vasodilator
**Agent that widens a blood vessel** (agent increases the diameter of a blood vessel) -or = that which does something vas/o- = blood vessel -dilat- = widen, open up
78
Define Vasodilation
The **process** of a blood vessel **increasing** in diameter -ion = action, process vas/o- = blood vessel -dilat- = widen, open up
79
Define Avascular
No blood supply -ar = pertaining to a- = without vascul/o- = vessel
80
Define Artery
A blood vessel carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart
81
Define Claudication
Intermittent leg pain and limping -ation = a process claudic- = limping
82
Define Hemorrhage
abnormal flow of blood (excessive bleeding) -rrhage = abnormal flow hem/o- = blood
83
Define Varicose
Pertaining to tortuous **(twisted),** engorged **(dilated) veins** -ose = full of varic- = varicosity; dilated, tortuous vein
84
Define Vein
Blood vessel carrying blood toward the heart
85
Define Venous
Pertaining to a vein -ous = pertaining to ven- = vein
86
Define Arteriole
A small artery leading into the capillary network -ole = small arteri- = artery
87
Define Capillary
Minute blood vessel between the arterial and venous systems -ary = pertaining to capill- = hairlike structure
88
Define Homeostasis
Maintaining the **stability,** or equilibrium, **of a system** -stasis = stand still home/o- = the same
89
Define Palpate
To examine with the fingers and hands
90
Define Sphygmomanometer
**instrument to measure the pulse pressure** (used for measuring arterial blood pressure) -meter = instrument to measure sphygm/o- = pulse -man/o- = pressure
91
Define Stethoscope
Instrument for listening to respiratory and cardiac sounds -scope = instrument to examine steth/o- = chest
92
Define Vena Cava
Refers to two largest veins in the body which enter the right atrium: - superior vena cava - inferior vena cava plural = venae cavae ven/a = vein cava = cave
93
Define Venule
**A small vein** (from capillary network) -ule = small ven- = vein
94
Define Aneurysm
An abnormally dilated area of an artery - dilation in greek
95
Define Dilation
Stretching or enlarging an opening -ion = action, condition dilat- = widen, dilate, open up
96
Define Edema
Excessive accumulation of fluid in cells and tissues swelling in Greek
97
Define Edematous
Pertaining to or affected by edema -tous = pertaining to edema- = swelling
98
Define Embolus
A detached piece of a thrombus (clot) traveling through the blood stream (thrombus might be mass of bacteria, quantity of air or foreign body that blocks the vessel) -embol- = plug
99
Define Phlebitis
Inflammation/infection of a vein phleb- = vein
100
Define Thromboembolism
Condition of having a traveling blood clot (embolus) -ism = condition thromb/o- = clot, plug
101
Define Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein with clot formation -itis = inflammation thromb/o- = clot -phleb- = vein
102
Define Thrombus
A clot attached to a diseased blood vessel (or heart lining) thromb/o- = blood clot
103
Define Thrombi
Plural of thrombus clot(s) attached to diseased blood vessel(s) thromb/o- = blood clot
104
Define Thrombosis
Condition of having a clot -osis = condition thromb/o- = blood clot
105
What does CPR stand for?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation AKA the attempt to restore heart and lung function
106
What does MI stand for?
Myocardial Infarction
107
What are Vital Signs?
Procedure during a physical exam where measurements are taken to assess general health and cardiorespiratory function. These include: - Temperature (T) - Pulse (P) - Respirations (R) - Blood Pressure (BP) & - Pulse Oximetry (O2)

HLTH 125 (15 decks)

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