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HLTH 125 > CH 10: Nervous System > Flashcards

CH 10: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Define Afferent

A

Moving toward a center; for example, nerve fibers conducting impulses to the spinal cord and brain

afferent nerve is a sensory nerve

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2
Q

Define Efferent

A

Moving away from a center; for example, conducting nerve impulses away from the brain or spinal cord

efferent nerve = motor nerve

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3
Q

Define Epileptic

A

Pertaining to or suffering from epilepsy, brain disorder with seizures

-ic = pertaining to
epilept- = seizure

epileptic episode is called a seizure

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4
Q

Define Status Epilepticus

A

A continuous seizure or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness for 30 minutes or more

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5
Q

Define Seizure

A

A sudden, uncontrolled excessive electrical disturbance in the brain

aka convulsion

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6
Q

Define Febrile Seizure

A

A seizure that is the result of a fever

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7
Q

Define Febrile

A

Pertaining to a fever

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8
Q

Define Motor

A

Structures of the nervous system that send impulses out to cause muscles to contract or glands to secrete

to move in Latin

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9
Q

Define Nerve

A

A cord of nerve fibers that have the function of conducting impulses

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10
Q

Define Neurologist

A

Medical specialist in disorders of the nervous system

-logist = one who studies, specialist
neur/o- = nerve

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11
Q

Define Parasympathetic

A

Division of the autonomic nervous system; has opposite effects to the sympathetic division

-ic = pertaining to
para- = beside, adjacent to
-sym- = together
-pathet- = suffering

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12
Q

Define Sensory

A

Pertaining to sensation; structures of the nervous system that carry impulses to the brain

-ory = having the function of
sens- = feel

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13
Q

Define Somatic

A

A divison of the peripheral nervous system serving the skeletal muscles OR relating to the body in general

somat/o- = body

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14
Q

Define Visceral

A

Pertaining to the internal organs

-al = pertaining to
viscer- = internal organs

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15
Q

Define Autonomic

A

Self-governing visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system (doesn’t require conscious thought)

-ic = pertaining to
auto- = self

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16
Q

Define Axon

A

Single process of a nerve cell carrying nervous impulses away from the cell body

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17
Q

Define Blood-brain barrier

A

A selective mechanism that protects the brain from toxins and infections

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18
Q

Define Dendrite

A

Branched extension of the nerve cell body that receives nervous stimuli

looking like a tree in Greek

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19
Q

Define Neuroglia

A

Connective tissue holding nervous tissue together

neur/o- = nerve
-glia- = glue

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20
Q

Define Myelin

A

Fatty white material sheath found around the axon of a nerve

-in = substance, chemical compound
myel/o- = spinal cord

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21
Q

Define White Matter

A

Regions of the brain and spinal cord occupied by myelinated bundles of axons

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22
Q

Define Gray Matter

A

Regions of the brain and spinal cord occupied by unmyelinated cell bodies and dendrites

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23
Q

Define Neurotransmitter

A

A chemical that relays messages from one nerve cell to the next at the synapse

transmit is a word so prefix trans is in center of neurotransmitter

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24
Q

Define Synapse

A

Junction between two nerve cells, or a nerve fiber and its target cell, where electrical impulses are transmitted between the cells

-apse = clasp
syn- = together

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25
Q

Define Cerebellum

A

The most posterior area of the brain located between the midbrain and the cerebral hemispheres

-um = structure
cerebell/o- = little brain

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26
Q

Define Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A

Fluid formed in the ventricles of the brain; surrounds the brain and spinal cord

-al = pertaining to
cerebr/o- = brain
-spin- = spinal cord

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27
Q

Define Cerebrum

A

Brain, specifically the upper part of the brain consisting of two hemispheres (as opposed to the cerebellum and brain stem)

-um = structure
cereb/o-, cerebr- = cerebrum

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28
Q

Define Frontal Lobe

A

Anterior cerebral hemisphere; lying behind the forehead

-al = pertaining to
front- = front of

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29
Q

Define Frontal

A

Front of; pertaining to the front

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30
Q

Define Gyrus

A

Rounded elevation on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres

plural = Gyri

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31
Q

Define Occipital Lobe

A

Lobe forms the posterior cerebral hemisphere

-al = pertaining to
occipit- = back of head

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32
Q

Define Occipital

A

Back of the head

-al = pertaining to
occipit- = back of head

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33
Q

Define Parietal Lobe

A

Area of brain located in the superior, lateral cerebrum

-al = pertaining to
pariet- = wall

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34
Q

Define Parietal

A

Wall; pertaining to a wall-like structure

pal = pertaining to
pariet- = wall

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35
Q

Define Sulcus

A

Grooves/depressions/fissures on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres that separates gyri

sulci (sul-sigh) (plural)

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36
Q

Define Temporal Lobe

A

Located in the lateral cerebrum near the ear

-al = pertaining to
tempor- = time, temple

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37
Q

Define Temporal

A

Temple, pertaining to time

-al = pertaining to
tempor- = time, temple

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38
Q

Define Dura Mater

A

Hard, fibrous outer layer of the meninges

dura = hard (root)
mater = mother (root)

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39
Q

Define Epidural

A

The area above the dura mater

-al = pertaining to
epi- = above
-dur- = dura

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40
Q

Define Meninges

A

Three-layered covering of the brain and spinal cord

mening- = meninges
Membrane in Greek

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41
Q

Define Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges

42
Q

Define Pia Mater

A

Delicate inner layer of the meninges

pia = delicate (root)
mater = mother (root)

43
Q

Define the prefix sub-

A

under

44
Q

Define root -arachn-

A

cobweb, spider

45
Q

Define Cognition

A

Process of acquiring knowledge through thinking, learning, and memory

knowledge in Latin

46
Q

Define Delirium

A

Acute altered state of consciousness with agitation and disorientation due to changes in brain function.

(may occur in response to alcohol/drugs); this condition is reversible

-um = structure
deliri- = disorientation, confusion

47
Q

Define Dementia

A

Chronic, progressive, irreversible loss of the mind’s cognitive and intellectual functions (literally - condition without a mind)

-ia = condition
de- = removal, without
-ment- = mind

48
Q

Define Empathy

A

Ability to place yourself into the feelings, emotions, and reactions of another person

em- = into
-pathy = emotion, disease

49
Q

Define Stroke

A

Occurs when a blood vessel is either blocked by a clot (ischemic stroke) or bursts (hemorrhagic stroke) causing impaired cerebral circulation

same as Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

cerebr/o- = cerebrum
vascul/o- = vessel
-ar = pertaining to

50
Q

Define Cerebrovascular

A

Pertaining to the cerebrum’s blood vessels

51
Q

Define Postictal

A

A temporary altered state of consciousness after and in response to having had a seizure (characterized by drowsiness, confusion, or disorientation)

aka Postictal State

-al = pertaining to
post- = after
-ict- = seizure

52
Q

Define Tonic

A

Pertaining to being in a state of muscular contraction

-ic = pertaining to
ton- = pressure, tension

53
Q

Define Tonic-Clonic Seizure

A

The body alternates between excessive muscular rigidity (tonic) and jerking muscular contractions (clonic)

-ic = pertaining to
ton- = pressure, tension
clon- = tumult (loud noise/confused)
-ure = process
seiz- = to grab

54
Q

Define Clonic

A

Pertaining to clonus, which is rhythmical jerking

-ic = pertaining to
clon- = tumult (loud noise, confused)

55
Q

Define Cerebral Aneurysm

A

A small, circumscribed dilation of a cerebral artery

56
Q

Define Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of brain cells and tissues

-itis = inflammation
encephal- = brain, within the head

57
Q

Define Encephalopathy

A

Damage/disease of the brain

-pathy = disease
encephal- = brain, within the head

58
Q

Define Hydrocephalus

A

A condition in which fluid accumulates in the brain, enlarging the head and sometimes causing brain damage; due to excess CSF

-us = structure, thing
hydro- = water
cephal/o- = head

59
Q

Define Migraine

A

Intense throbbing, pulsating pain in one area of the head, often with nausea and vomiting

mi- = derived from hemi, half
-graine = head pain

60
Q

Define Syncope

A

Fainting; a temporary loss of consciousness (LOC) due to a decrease in blood flow to the brain

61
Q

Define Conscious

A

Having present knowledge of oneself and one’s surroundings

62
Q

Define LOC (Loss of Consciousness)

A

Loss of awareness and lack of reaction to stimulus

63
Q

Define Tremor

A

Small, shaking, involuntary, repetitive movements of hands, extremities, neck, or jaw

64
Q

Define Bell Palsy

A

Paresis, or paralysis, of one side of the face

65
Q

Define Concussion

A

Mild Brain Injury

-ion = action, condition
concuss- = shake or jar violently

66
Q

Define Contusion

A

Bruising of a tissue, including the brain (bruise)

brain contusion is much more serious than concussion

-ion = action, condition
contus- = bruise

67
Q

Define prefix de-

A

Without, removal

68
Q

Define Exacerbation

A

period when there is an increase in the severity of a disease

(opposite of remission)

-ation = process
exacerbat- = increase, aggravate

69
Q

Define Paresthesia

A

Abnormal Sensation; tingling, burning, pricking

-ia = condition
par(a)- = abnormal
-esthes- = sensation

paresthesias (plural)

70
Q

Define Remission

A

Period when there is a lessening or absence of the symptoms of a disease

-ion = condition, action
re- = back

71
Q

Define prefix a-

A

without

72
Q

Define Neuropathy

A

Any disorder of the nervous system

-pathy = disease
neur/o- = nerve

73
Q

Define Mononeuropathy

A

Disorder affecting a single nerve

-pathy = disease
neur/o- = nerve
mono- = one

74
Q

Define Polyneuropathy

A

Disorder affecting many nerves

-pathy = disease
poly- = many
neur/o- = nerve

75
Q

Define Paralysis

A

Loss of voluntary movement

-lysis = destroy
para- = beside, abnormal

76
Q

Define Hemiparesis

A

weakness of one side of the body

hemi- = half
-paresis = weakness

77
Q

Define Paresis

A

A condition of muscular weakness caused by nerve damage/disease

-paresis = weakness

78
Q

Define prefix syn-

A

Together

79
Q

Define Microcephaly

A

An abnormally small head

-aly = condition
micro- = small
-ceph- = head

80
Q

Define Ataxia

A

Inability to coordinate muscle activity, leading to jerky movements

-ia = condition
a- = no, not or without
-tax- = coordination

81
Q

Define Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis of one side of the body

-ia = condition
hemi- = half
-pleg- = paralysis

82
Q

Define Hemiplegic

A

Pertaining to or suffering from hemiplegia

-ic = pertaining to
hemi- = half
-pleg- = paralysis

83
Q

Define Hemiparesis

A

Weakness of one side of the body

-paresis = weakness
hemi- = half

84
Q

Define Monoplegia

A

Paralysis of one limb

-ia = condition
mono- = one
-pleg- = paralysis

85
Q

Define Monoplegic

A

Pertaining to or suffering from monoplegia

-ic = pertaining to
mono- = one
-pleg- = paralysis

86
Q

Define Neuromuscular

A

Pertaining to both nerves and muscles

-ar = pertaining to
neru/o- = nerve
-muscul- = muscle

87
Q

Define Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of both lower extremities

-ia = condition
para- = abnormal
-pleg- = paralysis

88
Q

Define Paraplegic

A

Pertaining to or suffering from paraplegia

-ic = pertaining to
para- = abnormal
-pleg- = paralysis

89
Q

Define Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all four limbs

-ia = condition
quadri- = four
-pleg- = paralysis

90
Q

Define Quadriplegic

A

Pertaining to or suffering from quadriplegia

-ic = pertaining to
quadri- = four
-pleg- = paralysis

91
Q

Define Angiography

A

x-ray visualization of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

-graphy = process of recording
angi/o- = blood vessel

92
Q

Define Electroencephalography

A

The process of recording the electrical activity of the brain

-graphy = process of recording
electr/o- = electricity
-encephal/o- = brain

93
Q

Define Electromyogram

A

record of the electrical activity of the brain

-gram = record, recording
electr/o- = electricity
-my/o- = muscle

94
Q

Define Electromyography

A

Device used to record the electrical activity of the brain

-graphy = process of recording
electr/o- = electricity
-my/o- = muscle

95
Q

Define Analgesic

A

Medication that reduces or eliminates pain

-ic = pertaining to
an- = without
-alges- = sensation of pain

96
Q

Define prefix anti-

A

against

97
Q

Define Sedative

A

An agent that calms nervous excitement

-ive = pertaining to, quality of
sedat- = to calm

98
Q

Define Psychiatrist

A

Licensed medical specialist in psychiatry who is able to prescribe medication for mental disorders

-iatrist = one who treats
psych- = mind

99
Q

Define Psychologist

A

Licensed specialist who is concerned with human behavior (not licensed to prescribe meds)

-logist = one who studies
psych/o- = mind

100
Q

Define Anxiety

A

Distress caused by extreme fear or dread (anticipate with fear)

distress, anxiety in Greek

101
Q

Define prefix post-

A

after

102
Q

Define Pyromania

A

Morbid impulse to set fires

-mania = frenzy
pyr/o- = fire

HLTH 125 (15 decks)

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