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HLTH 125 > CH 10: Nervous System > Flashcards

CH 10: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Define Afferent

A

Moving toward a center; for example, nerve fibers conducting impulses to the spinal cord and brain

afferent nerve is a sensory nerve

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2
Q

Define Efferent

A

Moving away from a center; for example, conducting nerve impulses away from the brain or spinal cord

efferent nerve = motor nerve

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3
Q

Define Epileptic

A

Pertaining to or suffering from epilepsy, brain disorder with seizures

-ic = pertaining to
epilept- = seizure

epileptic episode is called a seizure

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4
Q

Define Status Epilepticus

A

A continuous seizure or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness for 30 minutes or more

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5
Q

Define Seizure

A

A sudden, uncontrolled excessive electrical disturbance in the brain

aka convulsion

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6
Q

Define Febrile Seizure

A

A seizure that is the result of a fever

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7
Q

Define Febrile

A

Pertaining to a fever

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8
Q

Define Motor

A

Structures of the nervous system that send impulses out to cause muscles to contract or glands to secrete

to move in Latin

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9
Q

Define Nerve

A

A cord of nerve fibers that have the function of conducting impulses

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10
Q

Define Neurologist

A

Medical specialist in disorders of the nervous system

-logist = one who studies, specialist
neur/o- = nerve

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11
Q

Define Parasympathetic

A

Division of the autonomic nervous system; has opposite effects to the sympathetic division

-ic = pertaining to
para- = beside, adjacent to
-sym- = together
-pathet- = suffering

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12
Q

Define Sensory

A

Pertaining to sensation; structures of the nervous system that carry impulses to the brain

-ory = having the function of
sens- = feel

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13
Q

Define Somatic

A

A divison of the peripheral nervous system serving the skeletal muscles OR relating to the body in general

somat/o- = body

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14
Q

Define Visceral

A

Pertaining to the internal organs

-al = pertaining to
viscer- = internal organs

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15
Q

Define Autonomic

A

Self-governing visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system (doesn’t require conscious thought)

-ic = pertaining to
auto- = self

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16
Q

Define Axon

A

Single process of a nerve cell carrying nervous impulses away from the cell body

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17
Q

Define Blood-brain barrier

A

A selective mechanism that protects the brain from toxins and infections

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18
Q

Define Dendrite

A

Branched extension of the nerve cell body that receives nervous stimuli

looking like a tree in Greek

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19
Q

Define Neuroglia

A

Connective tissue holding nervous tissue together

neur/o- = nerve
-glia- = glue

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20
Q

Define Myelin

A

Fatty white material sheath found around the axon of a nerve

-in = substance, chemical compound
myel/o- = spinal cord

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21
Q

Define White Matter

A

Regions of the brain and spinal cord occupied by myelinated bundles of axons

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22
Q

Define Gray Matter

A

Regions of the brain and spinal cord occupied by unmyelinated cell bodies and dendrites

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23
Q

Define Neurotransmitter

A

A chemical that relays messages from one nerve cell to the next at the synapse

transmit is a word so prefix trans is in center of neurotransmitter

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24
Q

Define Synapse

A

Junction between two nerve cells, or a nerve fiber and its target cell, where electrical impulses are transmitted between the cells

-apse = clasp
syn- = together

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25
Define Cerebellum
The most posterior area of the brain located between the midbrain and the cerebral hemispheres -um = structure cerebell/o- = little brain
26
Define Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Fluid formed in the ventricles of the brain; surrounds the brain and spinal cord -al = pertaining to cerebr/o- = brain -spin- = spinal cord
27
Define Cerebrum
Brain, specifically the upper part of the brain consisting of two hemispheres (as opposed to the cerebellum and brain stem) -um = structure cereb/o-, cerebr- = cerebrum
28
Define Frontal Lobe
Anterior cerebral hemisphere; lying behind the forehead -al = pertaining to front- = front of
29
Define Frontal
Front of; pertaining to the front
30
Define Gyrus
Rounded elevation on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres plural = Gyri
31
Define Occipital Lobe
Lobe forms the posterior cerebral hemisphere -al = pertaining to occipit- = back of head
32
Define Occipital
Back of the head -al = pertaining to occipit- = back of head
33
Define Parietal Lobe
Area of brain located in the superior, lateral cerebrum -al = pertaining to pariet- = wall
34
Define Parietal
Wall; pertaining to a wall-like structure pal = pertaining to pariet- = wall
35
Define Sulcus
Grooves/depressions/fissures on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres that separates gyri sulci (sul-sigh) (plural)
36
Define Temporal Lobe
Located in the lateral cerebrum near the ear -al = pertaining to tempor- = time, temple
37
Define Temporal
Temple, pertaining to time -al = pertaining to tempor- = time, temple
38
Define Dura Mater
Hard, fibrous outer layer of the meninges dura = hard (root) mater = mother (root)
39
Define Epidural
The area above the dura mater -al = pertaining to epi- = above -dur- = dura
40
Define Meninges
Three-layered covering of the brain and spinal cord mening- = meninges Membrane in Greek
41
Define Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges
42
Define Pia Mater
Delicate inner layer of the meninges pia = delicate (root) mater = mother (root)
43
Define the prefix sub-
under
44
Define root -arachn-
cobweb, spider
45
Define Cognition
Process of acquiring knowledge through thinking, learning, and memory knowledge in Latin
46
Define Delirium
Acute altered state of consciousness with agitation and disorientation due to changes in brain function. (may occur in response to alcohol/drugs); this condition **is reversible** -um = structure deliri- = disorientation, confusion
47
Define Dementia
Chronic, progressive, irreversible loss of the mind's cognitive and intellectual functions (literally - condition without a mind) -ia = condition de- = removal, without -ment- = mind
48
Define Empathy
Ability to place yourself into the feelings, emotions, and reactions of another person em- = into -pathy = emotion, disease
49
Define Stroke
Occurs when a **blood vessel is either blocked by a clot** (ischemic stroke) **or bursts** (hemorrhagic stroke) causing **impaired cerebral circulation** same as Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) cerebr/o- = cerebrum vascul/o- = vessel -ar = pertaining to
50
Define Cerebrovascular
Pertaining to the cerebrum's blood vessels
51
Define Postictal
A temporary altered state of consciousness after and in response to having had a seizure (characterized by drowsiness, confusion, or disorientation) aka Postictal State -al = pertaining to post- = after -ict- = seizure
52
Define Tonic
Pertaining to being in a state of muscular contraction -ic = pertaining to ton- = pressure, tension
53
Define Tonic-Clonic Seizure
The body alternates between excessive muscular rigidity (tonic) and jerking muscular contractions (clonic) -ic = pertaining to ton- = pressure, tension clon- = tumult (loud noise/confused) -ure = process seiz- = to grab
54
Define Clonic
Pertaining to clonus, which is rhythmical jerking -ic = pertaining to clon- = tumult (loud noise, confused)
55
Define Cerebral Aneurysm
A small, circumscribed dilation of a cerebral artery
56
Define Encephalitis
Inflammation of brain cells and tissues -itis = inflammation encephal- = brain, within the head
57
Define Encephalopathy
Damage/disease of the brain -pathy = disease encephal- = brain, within the head
58
Define Hydrocephalus
A condition in which fluid accumulates in the brain, enlarging the head and sometimes causing brain damage; due to excess CSF -us = structure, thing hydro- = water cephal/o- = head
59
Define Migraine
Intense throbbing, pulsating pain in one area of the head, often with nausea and vomiting mi- = derived from hemi, half -graine = head pain
60
Define Syncope
Fainting; a temporary loss of consciousness (LOC) due to a decrease in blood flow to the brain
61
Define Conscious
Having present knowledge of oneself and one's surroundings
62
Define LOC (Loss of Consciousness)
Loss of awareness and lack of reaction to stimulus
63
Define Tremor
Small, shaking, involuntary, repetitive movements of hands, extremities, neck, or jaw
64
Define Bell Palsy
Paresis, or paralysis, of one side of the face
65
Define Concussion
Mild Brain Injury -ion = action, condition concuss- = shake or jar violently
66
Define Contusion
Bruising of a tissue, including the brain (bruise) brain contusion is much more serious than concussion -ion = action, condition contus- = bruise
67
Define prefix de-
Without, removal
68
Define Exacerbation
period when there is an increase in the severity of a disease (opposite of remission) -ation = process exacerbat- = increase, aggravate
69
Define Paresthesia
Abnormal Sensation; tingling, burning, pricking -ia = condition par(a)- = abnormal -esthes- = sensation paresthesias (plural)
70
Define Remission
Period when there is a lessening or absence of the symptoms of a disease -ion = condition, action re- = back
71
Define prefix a-
without
72
Define Neuropathy
Any disorder of the nervous system -pathy = disease neur/o- = nerve
73
Define Mononeuropathy
Disorder affecting a single nerve -pathy = disease neur/o- = nerve mono- = one
74
Define Polyneuropathy
Disorder affecting many nerves -pathy = disease poly- = many neur/o- = nerve
75
Define Paralysis
Loss of voluntary movement -lysis = destroy para- = beside, abnormal
76
Define Hemiparesis
weakness of one side of the body hemi- = half -paresis = weakness
77
Define Paresis
A condition of muscular weakness caused by nerve damage/disease -paresis = weakness
78
Define prefix syn-
Together
79
Define Microcephaly
An abnormally small head -aly = condition micro- = small -ceph- = head
80
Define Ataxia
Inability to coordinate muscle activity, leading to jerky movements -ia = condition a- = no, not or without -tax- = coordination
81
Define Hemiplegia
Paralysis of one side of the body -ia = condition hemi- = half -pleg- = paralysis
82
Define Hemiplegic
Pertaining to or suffering from hemiplegia -ic = pertaining to hemi- = half -pleg- = paralysis
83
Define Hemiparesis
Weakness of one side of the body -paresis = weakness hemi- = half
84
Define Monoplegia
Paralysis of one limb -ia = condition mono- = one -pleg- = paralysis
85
Define Monoplegic
Pertaining to or suffering from monoplegia -ic = pertaining to mono- = one -pleg- = paralysis
86
Define Neuromuscular
Pertaining to both nerves and muscles -ar = pertaining to neru/o- = nerve -muscul- = muscle
87
Define Paraplegia
Paralysis of both lower extremities -ia = condition para- = abnormal -pleg- = paralysis
88
Define Paraplegic
Pertaining to or suffering from paraplegia -ic = pertaining to para- = abnormal -pleg- = paralysis
89
Define Quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four limbs -ia = condition quadri- = four -pleg- = paralysis
90
Define Quadriplegic
Pertaining to or suffering from quadriplegia -ic = pertaining to quadri- = four -pleg- = paralysis
91
Define Angiography
x-ray visualization of blood vessels after injection of contrast material -graphy = process of recording angi/o- = blood vessel
92
Define Electroencephalography
The process of recording the electrical activity of the brain -graphy = process of recording electr/o- = electricity -encephal/o- = brain
93
Define Electromyogram
record of the electrical activity of the brain -gram = record, recording electr/o- = electricity -my/o- = muscle
94
Define Electromyography
Device used to record the electrical activity of the brain -graphy = process of recording electr/o- = electricity -my/o- = muscle
95
Define Analgesic
Medication that reduces or eliminates pain -ic = pertaining to an- = without -alges- = sensation of pain
96
Define prefix anti-
against
97
Define Sedative
An agent that calms nervous excitement -ive = pertaining to, quality of sedat- = to calm
98
Define Psychiatrist
Licensed medical specialist in psychiatry who is able to prescribe medication for mental disorders -iatrist = one who treats psych- = mind
99
Define Psychologist
Licensed specialist who is concerned with human behavior (not licensed to prescribe meds) -logist = one who studies psych/o- = mind
100
Define Anxiety
Distress caused by extreme fear or dread (anticipate with fear) distress, anxiety in Greek
101
Define prefix post-
after
102
Define Pyromania
Morbid impulse to set fires -mania = frenzy pyr/o- = fire

HLTH 125 (15 decks)

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