CH 1 & 2 Quiz Review - CH2 Flashcards
1
Q
What makes up the human body?
A
organ systems
2
Q
what makes up organ systems?
A
organs
3
Q
What makes up organs?
A
similar tissues
4
Q
What makes up tissues?
A
similar cells
5
Q
what makes up cells?
A
organelles
6
Q
What makes up organelles?
A
molecules
7
Q
What makes up molecules?
A
two or more atoms
8
Q
What makes up atoms?
A
n/a - atoms are the small, basic units of matter
9
Q
What is the structure of a cell?
A
from inside out:
- nucleus (in cytoplasm)
- organelles (in cytoplasm)
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
10
Q
What is the clear fluid within the cell membrane called?
A
Cytoplasm
11
Q
define anabolism
A
the buildup of complex substances in the cell from simpler ones as a part of metabolism
12
Q
define the word root anabol-
A
build up
13
Q
define catabolism
A
the breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones as a part of metabolism
14
Q
deconstruct the word catabolism
A
-ism + catabol-
(suffix + root)
literally process + break down
15
Q
define cell
A
the smallest unit of the body capable of independent existence
16
Q
define connective tissue
A
the supporting tissue of the body
17
Q
define cytology
A
study of the structure and functions of a cell
18
Q
deconstruct the word cytology
A
-logy + cyt/o-
(suffix + comb. form)
literally: study of + cell
19
Q
define cytologist
A
specialist in the structure, chemistry, and pathology of the cell
20
Q
what does the suffix -logist mean?
A
one who studies, a specialist
21
Q
define cytoplasm
A
clear, gelatinous substance that forms the substance of a cell, except for the nucleus
22
Q
define electrolyte
A
substance that, when dissolved in a suitable medium, forms electrically charged particles
23
Q
what does the root / combining form electr/o- mean?
A
electricity
24
Q
define histology
A
Study of the structure and function of tissues, and organs
25
define histologist
A specialist who studies tissues, organs and cells
26
define the suffix -logy
study of
27
define the word root / combining form hist/o-
tissue
28
define the suffix -logist
one who studies, specialist
29
define intracellular
within the cell
30
deconstruct the word intracellular
-ar + intra- + cellul-
(suffix + prefix + root)
literally = pertaining to within small cell
31
define membrane
thin layer of tissue covering a structure or cavity
32
define membranous
pertaining to a membrane
33
define the suffix -ous
pertaining to
34
define the root membran-
cover, skin
35
define metabolism
the constantly changing physical and chemical processes occurring in the cell that are the sum of anabolism and catabolism
36
deconstruct metabolism (noun) and it's adjective form
metabolism:
1) -ism + metabol-
2) (suffix + root)
3) literally means process + change
metabolic (adj):
1) -ic + metabol-
2) (suffix + root)
3) literally pertaining to condition, process
37
define muscle
tissue consisting of contractile cells
38
define nucleus
functional center of a cell or structure
39
define nuclear
pertaining to a nucleus
40
define the suffix -ar
pertaining to
41
define the root nucle-
nucleus
42
define organ
several different types of tissue that work together to carry out specific functions within a body system
43
define the root organ
organ
44
define organelle
a part of a cell that has a specialized function(s)
45
define the suffix -ism
condition, process
46
define organism
any whole living, individual plant or animal
47
define organ system
a group of organs with a specific collective function
48
define the prefix ribo-
from ribose, a sugar
49
define tissue
a collection of similar cells
50
define therapy
systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder
51
define therapeutic
relating to the treatment of a disease or disorder
52
define the word root therapeut-
treatment
53
define the suffix -ist
specialist
54
What does Tissue mean in Latin
to weave
55
What does Therapy mean in Greek
medical treatment
56
define therapist
trained professional; trained in the practice of a particular therapy
57
define the word root therap-
treatment
58
What are the four basic types of tissues in the body?
Connective
Epithelial
Muscle &
Nervous
59
What is the Function of Connective Tissue?
Supporting tissue of the body. It binds, supports, protects, fill spaces, & stores fat.
60
What is the Location of Connective Tissue?
Widely distributed throughout the body. For example: in blood, bone, cartilage, and fat.
61
What is the function of Epithelial Tissue?
Protect, secrete, absorb, excrete
62
What is the location of Epithelial Tissue?
Cover body surface, cover and line internal organs, and compose glands
63
What is the function of Muscle Tissue?
Movement
64
What is the location of muscle Tissue?
Attached to bones; found in the walls of hollow tubes, organs, and the heart.
65
What is the function of Nervous Tissue?
Transmit impulses for coordination, sensory reception, and motor actions
66
What is the location of Nervous Tissue?
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
67
Where does Connective tissue get it's name from?
from being a type of tissue that "connects" things such as ligaments that connect bone to bone
68
List the body/organ systems in the body
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Hematic
Lymphatic
Immune
Digestive
Respiratory
Urinary
Reproductive (Male)
Reproductive (Female)
69
Major organs in Integumentary System?
Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
70
Major functions of Integumentary System?
Protect Tissues, Regulate body temp, support sensory receptors
71
Major organs in Skeletal System?
bones, ligaments, cartilages which all make up the structure of the body
72
Major functions of Skeletal system?
Provide framework, protect soft tissues, provide attachments for muscles, produce blood cells, store inorganic salts
73
Major organs in Muscular System?
Muscles
74
Functions of Muscular system?
Cause movements, maintain posture, produce body heat
75
Organs in Nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs
76
Functions of Nervous System?
Receive and interpret sensory info and, in response, stimulate muscles, glands, and other organ systems
77
Organs in Endocrine System?
Glands that secrete hormones:
pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries
testes
pineal
thymus
78
Functions of Endocrine System?
Control metabolic activities of organs
79
Organs in Cardiovascular system?
Heart & blood vessels
80
Function of Cardiovascular system?
Move blood and transport substances through body
81
Organs in Hematic System?
Formed elements of blood and the liquid matrix (Plasma, RBCs, WBCs and platelets)
82
Function of Hematic System?
Transports nutrition and waste; protects against pathogens, control bleeding.
83
Organs in Lymphatic System?
Lymph vessels and nodes, thymus, spleen
84
Function of Lymphatic System?
Defend body against infection, return tissue fluid to blood, carry certain absorbed food molecules
85
Organs in Immune System?
Tonsils, thymus, spleen
86
Function of Immune System?
Protects body from pathogens, memorizes antibody defense mechanisms
87
Organs in Digestive System?
Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestines
88
Functions of Digestive System?
Receive, break down, and absorb food; eliminate unabsorbed material
89
Organs in Respiratory System?
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
90
Function of Respiratory system?
System that includes all the organs and passageways involved in respiration (breathing).
91
Organs in Urinary System?
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
92
Function of Urinary System?
Remove wastes from blood, maintain water and electrolyte balance, store, and transport urine
93
Organs in Male Reproductive system?
Scrotum, testes, epididymides, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands, urethra, penis
94
Function of Male Reproductive System?
Produce and maintain sperm cells, transfer sperm cells into female reproductive tract
95
Organs in Female Reproductive Systems?
Ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva
96
Function of Female Reproductive System?
Produce and maintain egg cells, receive sperm cells, support development of an embryo, function in birth process
97
Define Cardiovascular
pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
98
deconstruct the word cardiovascular
-ar + cardi/o- + -vascul-
(suffix + combining form + root)
literally: pertaining to + heart + blood vessel
99
define homeostasis
Maintaining the stability of a system or the body's internal environment
100
define the suffix -stasis
standstill, control
101
define the word root / combining form home/o-
the same
102
Define Integumentary
pertaining to the covering of the body
103
define the word part integument-
covering of the body
104
define skeleton
the bony framework of the body
105
define skeletal
pertaining to the skeleton
106
define the suffix -al
pertaining to
107
define the word root skelet-
skeleton
108
What is Skeleton in Greek?
Skeleton or mummy
109
Define anatomical position
for the body to be in anatomical position, the body is...
- standing erect and facing forward
- feet flat on the floor
- face and eyes facing forward
- arms at the sides
- toes and palms of the hands facing forward
110
Why do we have anatomical directional terms?
to assist medical personnel in discussing position or location of a patient's complaint
111
define superior
pertaining to or situated above
- more toward head or further upward
112
define inferior
pertaining to or situated below
113
define medial
middle; pertaining to the middle; nearer to the middle of the body
114
define lateral
pertaining to the side of a structure; refers to more toward the side
115
define proximal
pertaining to nearer to the center
116
define distal
pertaining to away from the center of the body; further from the point of attachment to the body
117
Define superficial
more toward the surface of the body
118
define deep
further away from the surface of the body
119
define supine
lying face up, flat on your back/spine
120
define prone
lying face-down, flat on your belly
121
define apex
the uppermost part or conical shaped part of an organ
122
define base
bottom or lower part of an organ
123
define posterior
pertaining to the back of the body; situated behind
124
define dorsal
pertaining to the back or situated behind (same as posterior, opposite of anterior)
125
define anterior
pertaining to the front surface of the body; situated in front
126
define ventral
pertaining to the belly or situated nearer the surface of the belly (same as anterior)
127
True or False: There are three anatomical planes. They are imaginary lines that pass through the body.
True
128
What is the frontal plane?
a vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions (front and back)
129
What is the Sagittal Plane?
A vertical plane through the body dividing it into right and left portions
130
What is the transverse/horizontal plane?
A plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions (top and bottom)
131
Define anatomy
Study of the structures of the human body
132
What are the Abdominal Quadrants?
four specific areas of the abdomen:
- right upper quadrant (ruq)
- right lower quadrant (rlq)
- left upper quadrant (luq)
- left lower quadrant (llq)
133
What are the 9 most commonly referenced regions of the abdomen?
Epigastric region
hypogastric region
umbilical region
lumbar region
right lumbar/flank region
left lumbar/flank region
inguinal region
right inguinal region
left inguinal region
134
define epigastric region
abdominal region referring to the area "above the stomach"
135
define hypogastric region
literally refers to the area "below the stomach"; however it is well below the stomach and below the umbilical region as well
136
define umbilical region
the center of the abdomen; pertains to the area around the umbilicus
137
define lumbar region
lies to the right and left of the umbilical region and the lower aspect of the back
138
define inguinal region
the limited area where the thigh meets the pelvic area
139
What are the 5 major body cavities?
Thoracic (ventral)
abdominal (ventral)
pelvic (ventral)
cranial (dorsal) &
spinal (dorsal)
140
define abdominal cavity
contains stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys
separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm
141
define abdominopelvic cavity
includes the abdomen and the pelvic cavity
142
define cranial cavity
space containing the brain within the skull
143
define pelvic cavity
contains urinary bladder, part of large intestines, rectum, anus, and the internal reproductive organs
surrounded by the pelvic bones
144
define spinal cavity
space containing the spinal cord
145
define thoracic cavity
contains heart, lungs, thymus gland, trachea, and esophagus
space behind the chest; separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm
146
define mediastinum
a space within the thoracic cavity between the lungs
contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus
147
define abdomen
part of the trunk between the thorax and the pelvis
148
define abdominal
pertaining to the abdomen
149
define abdominopelvic
pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis
150
define suffix -ic
pertaining to
151
define word root abdomin/o-
abdomen
152
define root -pelv-
pelvis
153
define cavity
a hollow space or body compartment
154
define cephalic
pertaining to or nearer to the head
155
define word root cephal-
head
156
define cranial
pertaining to the skull/cranium
157
define diaphragm
muscular sheet separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
158
define gastric
pertaining to the stomach
159
define epigastric
abdominal region above the stomach
160
define prefix epi-
above
161
define prefix hypo-
below
162
define quadrant
one quarter of a circle; one of four regions of the surface of the abdomen
163
define thoracic
pertaining to the chest
164
define thorax
the part of the trunk between the abdomen and the neck
165
define the root thorac-
chest
166
define umbilical
pertaining to the umbilicus or the center of the abdomen
167
define the root umbilic-
navel (belly button) - same in latin
