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HLTH 125 > CH 1 & 2 Quiz Review - CH2 > Flashcards

CH 1 & 2 Quiz Review - CH2 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the human body?

A

organ systems

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2
Q

what makes up organ systems?

A

organs

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3
Q

What makes up organs?

A

similar tissues

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4
Q

What makes up tissues?

A

similar cells

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5
Q

what makes up cells?

A

organelles

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6
Q

What makes up organelles?

A

molecules

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7
Q

What makes up molecules?

A

two or more atoms

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8
Q

What makes up atoms?

A

n/a - atoms are the small, basic units of matter

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9
Q

What is the structure of a cell?

A

from inside out:
- nucleus (in cytoplasm)
- organelles (in cytoplasm)
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane

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10
Q

What is the clear fluid within the cell membrane called?

A

Cytoplasm

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11
Q

define anabolism

A

the buildup of complex substances in the cell from simpler ones as a part of metabolism

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12
Q

define the word root anabol-

A

build up

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13
Q

define catabolism

A

the breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones as a part of metabolism

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14
Q

deconstruct the word catabolism

A

-ism + catabol-
(suffix + root)
literally process + break down

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15
Q

define cell

A

the smallest unit of the body capable of independent existence

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16
Q

define connective tissue

A

the supporting tissue of the body

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17
Q

define cytology

A

study of the structure and functions of a cell

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18
Q

deconstruct the word cytology

A

-logy + cyt/o-
(suffix + comb. form)
literally: study of + cell

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19
Q

define cytologist

A

specialist in the structure, chemistry, and pathology of the cell

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20
Q

what does the suffix -logist mean?

A

one who studies, a specialist

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21
Q

define cytoplasm

A

clear, gelatinous substance that forms the substance of a cell, except for the nucleus

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22
Q

define electrolyte

A

substance that, when dissolved in a suitable medium, forms electrically charged particles

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23
Q

what does the root / combining form electr/o- mean?

A

electricity

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24
Q

define histology

A

Study of the structure and function of tissues, and organs

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25
Q

define histologist

A

A specialist who studies tissues, organs and cells

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26
Q

define the suffix -logy

A

study of

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27
Q

define the word root / combining form hist/o-

A

tissue

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28
Q

define the suffix -logist

A

one who studies, specialist

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29
Q

define intracellular

A

within the cell

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30
Q

deconstruct the word intracellular

A

-ar + intra- + cellul-
(suffix + prefix + root)
literally = pertaining to within small cell

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31
Q

define membrane

A

thin layer of tissue covering a structure or cavity

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32
Q

define membranous

A

pertaining to a membrane

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33
Q

define the suffix -ous

A

pertaining to

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34
Q

define the root membran-

A

cover, skin

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35
Q

define metabolism

A

the constantly changing physical and chemical processes occurring in the cell that are the sum of anabolism and catabolism

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36
Q

deconstruct metabolism (noun) and it’s adjective form

A

metabolism:
1) -ism + metabol-
2) (suffix + root)
3) literally means process + change

metabolic (adj):
1) -ic + metabol-
2) (suffix + root)
3) literally pertaining to condition, process

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37
Q

define muscle

A

tissue consisting of contractile cells

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38
Q

define nucleus

A

functional center of a cell or structure

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39
Q

define nuclear

A

pertaining to a nucleus

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40
Q

define the suffix -ar

A

pertaining to

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41
Q

define the root nucle-

A

nucleus

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42
Q

define organ

A

several different types of tissue that work together to carry out specific functions within a body system

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43
Q

define the root organ

A

organ

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44
Q

define organelle

A

a part of a cell that has a specialized function(s)

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45
Q

define the suffix -ism

A

condition, process

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46
Q

define organism

A

any whole living, individual plant or animal

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47
Q

define organ system

A

a group of organs with a specific collective function

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48
Q

define the prefix ribo-

A

from ribose, a sugar

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49
Q

define tissue

A

a collection of similar cells

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50
Q

define therapy

A

systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder

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51
Q

define therapeutic

A

relating to the treatment of a disease or disorder

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52
Q

define the word root therapeut-

A

treatment

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53
Q

define the suffix -ist

A

specialist

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54
Q

What does Tissue mean in Latin

A

to weave

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55
Q

What does Therapy mean in Greek

A

medical treatment

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56
Q

define therapist

A

trained professional; trained in the practice of a particular therapy

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57
Q

define the word root therap-

A

treatment

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58
Q

What are the four basic types of tissues in the body?

A

Connective
Epithelial
Muscle &
Nervous

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59
Q

What is the Function of Connective Tissue?

A

Supporting tissue of the body. It binds, supports, protects, fill spaces, & stores fat.

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60
Q

What is the Location of Connective Tissue?

A

Widely distributed throughout the body. For example: in blood, bone, cartilage, and fat.

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61
Q

What is the function of Epithelial Tissue?

A

Protect, secrete, absorb, excrete

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62
Q

What is the location of Epithelial Tissue?

A

Cover body surface, cover and line internal organs, and compose glands

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63
Q

What is the function of Muscle Tissue?

A

Movement

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64
Q

What is the location of muscle Tissue?

A

Attached to bones; found in the walls of hollow tubes, organs, and the heart.

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65
Q

What is the function of Nervous Tissue?

A

Transmit impulses for coordination, sensory reception, and motor actions

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66
Q

What is the location of Nervous Tissue?

A

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

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67
Q

Where does Connective tissue get it’s name from?

A

from being a type of tissue that “connects” things such as ligaments that connect bone to bone

68
Q

List the body/organ systems in the body

A

Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Hematic
Lymphatic
Immune
Digestive
Respiratory
Urinary
Reproductive (Male)
Reproductive (Female)

69
Q

Major organs in Integumentary System?

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

70
Q

Major functions of Integumentary System?

A

Protect Tissues, Regulate body temp, support sensory receptors

71
Q

Major organs in Skeletal System?

A

bones, ligaments, cartilages which all make up the structure of the body

72
Q

Major functions of Skeletal system?

A

Provide framework, protect soft tissues, provide attachments for muscles, produce blood cells, store inorganic salts

73
Q

Major organs in Muscular System?

A

Muscles

74
Q

Functions of Muscular system?

A

Cause movements, maintain posture, produce body heat

75
Q

Organs in Nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs

76
Q

Functions of Nervous System?

A

Receive and interpret sensory info and, in response, stimulate muscles, glands, and other organ systems

77
Q

Organs in Endocrine System?

A

Glands that secrete hormones:
pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries
testes
pineal
thymus

78
Q

Functions of Endocrine System?

A

Control metabolic activities of organs

79
Q

Organs in Cardiovascular system?

A

Heart & blood vessels

80
Q

Function of Cardiovascular system?

A

Move blood and transport substances through body

81
Q

Organs in Hematic System?

A

Formed elements of blood and the liquid matrix (Plasma, RBCs, WBCs and platelets)

82
Q

Function of Hematic System?

A

Transports nutrition and waste; protects against pathogens, control bleeding.

83
Q

Organs in Lymphatic System?

A

Lymph vessels and nodes, thymus, spleen

84
Q

Function of Lymphatic System?

A

Defend body against infection, return tissue fluid to blood, carry certain absorbed food molecules

85
Q

Organs in Immune System?

A

Tonsils, thymus, spleen

86
Q

Function of Immune System?

A

Protects body from pathogens, memorizes antibody defense mechanisms

87
Q

Organs in Digestive System?

A

Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestines

88
Q

Functions of Digestive System?

A

Receive, break down, and absorb food; eliminate unabsorbed material

89
Q

Organs in Respiratory System?

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

90
Q

Function of Respiratory system?

A

System that includes all the organs and passageways involved in respiration (breathing).

91
Q

Organs in Urinary System?

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

92
Q

Function of Urinary System?

A

Remove wastes from blood, maintain water and electrolyte balance, store, and transport urine

93
Q

Organs in Male Reproductive system?

A

Scrotum, testes, epididymides, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands, urethra, penis

94
Q

Function of Male Reproductive System?

A

Produce and maintain sperm cells, transfer sperm cells into female reproductive tract

95
Q

Organs in Female Reproductive Systems?

A

Ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva

96
Q

Function of Female Reproductive System?

A

Produce and maintain egg cells, receive sperm cells, support development of an embryo, function in birth process

97
Q

Define Cardiovascular

A

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

98
Q

deconstruct the word cardiovascular

A

-ar + cardi/o- + -vascul-
(suffix + combining form + root)
literally: pertaining to + heart + blood vessel

99
Q

define homeostasis

A

Maintaining the stability of a system or the body’s internal environment

100
Q

define the suffix -stasis

A

standstill, control

101
Q

define the word root / combining form home/o-

A

the same

102
Q

Define Integumentary

A

pertaining to the covering of the body

103
Q

define the word part integument-

A

covering of the body

104
Q

define skeleton

A

the bony framework of the body

105
Q

define skeletal

A

pertaining to the skeleton

106
Q

define the suffix -al

A

pertaining to

107
Q

define the word root skelet-

A

skeleton

108
Q

What is Skeleton in Greek?

A

Skeleton or mummy

109
Q

Define anatomical position

A

for the body to be in anatomical position, the body is…
- standing erect and facing forward
- feet flat on the floor
- face and eyes facing forward
- arms at the sides
- toes and palms of the hands facing forward

110
Q

Why do we have anatomical directional terms?

A

to assist medical personnel in discussing position or location of a patient’s complaint

111
Q

define superior

A

pertaining to or situated above

  • more toward head or further upward
112
Q

define inferior

A

pertaining to or situated below

113
Q

define medial

A

middle; pertaining to the middle; nearer to the middle of the body

114
Q

define lateral

A

pertaining to the side of a structure; refers to more toward the side

115
Q

define proximal

A

pertaining to nearer to the center

116
Q

define distal

A

pertaining to away from the center of the body; further from the point of attachment to the body

117
Q

Define superficial

A

more toward the surface of the body

118
Q

define deep

A

further away from the surface of the body

119
Q

define supine

A

lying face up, flat on your back/spine

120
Q

define prone

A

lying face-down, flat on your belly

121
Q

define apex

A

the uppermost part or conical shaped part of an organ

122
Q

define base

A

bottom or lower part of an organ

123
Q

define posterior

A

pertaining to the back of the body; situated behind

124
Q

define dorsal

A

pertaining to the back or situated behind (same as posterior, opposite of anterior)

125
Q

define anterior

A

pertaining to the front surface of the body; situated in front

126
Q

define ventral

A

pertaining to the belly or situated nearer the surface of the belly (same as anterior)

127
Q

True or False: There are three anatomical planes. They are imaginary lines that pass through the body.

A

True

128
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

a vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions (front and back)

129
Q

What is the Sagittal Plane?

A

A vertical plane through the body dividing it into right and left portions

130
Q

What is the transverse/horizontal plane?

A

A plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions (top and bottom)

131
Q

Define anatomy

A

Study of the structures of the human body

132
Q

What are the Abdominal Quadrants?

A

four specific areas of the abdomen:
- right upper quadrant (ruq)
- right lower quadrant (rlq)
- left upper quadrant (luq)
- left lower quadrant (llq)

133
Q

What are the 9 most commonly referenced regions of the abdomen?

A

Epigastric region
hypogastric region
umbilical region
lumbar region
right lumbar/flank region
left lumbar/flank region
inguinal region
right inguinal region
left inguinal region

134
Q

define epigastric region

A

abdominal region referring to the area “above the stomach”

135
Q

define hypogastric region

A

literally refers to the area “below the stomach”; however it is well below the stomach and below the umbilical region as well

136
Q

define umbilical region

A

the center of the abdomen; pertains to the area around the umbilicus

137
Q

define lumbar region

A

lies to the right and left of the umbilical region and the lower aspect of the back

138
Q

define inguinal region

A

the limited area where the thigh meets the pelvic area

139
Q

What are the 5 major body cavities?

A

Thoracic (ventral)
abdominal (ventral)
pelvic (ventral)
cranial (dorsal) &
spinal (dorsal)

140
Q

define abdominal cavity

A

contains stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys

separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm

141
Q

define abdominopelvic cavity

A

includes the abdomen and the pelvic cavity

142
Q

define cranial cavity

A

space containing the brain within the skull

143
Q

define pelvic cavity

A

contains urinary bladder, part of large intestines, rectum, anus, and the internal reproductive organs

surrounded by the pelvic bones

144
Q

define spinal cavity

A

space containing the spinal cord

145
Q

define thoracic cavity

A

contains heart, lungs, thymus gland, trachea, and esophagus

space behind the chest; separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm

146
Q

define mediastinum

A

a space within the thoracic cavity between the lungs

contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus

147
Q

define abdomen

A

part of the trunk between the thorax and the pelvis

148
Q

define abdominal

A

pertaining to the abdomen

149
Q

define abdominopelvic

A

pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis

150
Q

define suffix -ic

A

pertaining to

151
Q

define word root abdomin/o-

A

abdomen

152
Q

define root -pelv-

A

pelvis

153
Q

define cavity

A

a hollow space or body compartment

154
Q

define cephalic

A

pertaining to or nearer to the head

155
Q

define word root cephal-

A

head

156
Q

define cranial

A

pertaining to the skull/cranium

157
Q

define diaphragm

A

muscular sheet separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

158
Q

define gastric

A

pertaining to the stomach

159
Q

define epigastric

A

abdominal region above the stomach

160
Q

define prefix epi-

A

above

161
Q

define prefix hypo-

A

below

162
Q

define quadrant

A

one quarter of a circle; one of four regions of the surface of the abdomen

163
Q

define thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest

164
Q

define thorax

A

the part of the trunk between the abdomen and the neck

165
Q

define the root thorac-

A

chest

166
Q

define umbilical

A

pertaining to the umbilicus or the center of the abdomen

167
Q

define the root umbilic-

A

navel (belly button) - same in latin

HLTH 125 (15 decks)

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