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HLTH 125 > CH 5: Muscular System > Flashcards

CH 5: Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

what is fascia?

A

a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that encases a muscle

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2
Q

What is a ligament?

A

band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures (bone to bone)

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3
Q

Muscle?

A

tissue made of cells that contract

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4
Q

muscular

A

pertaining to + a muscle

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5
Q

Skeletal

A

pertaining to the skeleton

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6
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

muscles that attach to bones

(voluntary / striated muscle)

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7
Q

Tendon

A

Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

Ten/o, Tend/o, + tendin/o = tendon

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8
Q

Voluntary Muscle

A

Muscle that is controlled by willpower (aka skeletal muscle)

Volunt- + -ary

pertaining to + free will

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9
Q

What is Abduction?

A

The Action of moving away from the middle line (like moving leg laterally away from body)

-ion + ab- + -duct-
action, condition + move away + lead

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10
Q

Define Abduct

A

Move away from the midline

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11
Q

define suffix -or

A

that which does something

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12
Q

What is an Adductor?

A

muscle that moves the thigh toward the midline

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13
Q

What is Adduction?

A

Action of moving toward the midline (like when a jumping jack is complete body is in a line)

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14
Q

What does it mean to be Ambulatory?

A

Refers to a patient who is capable of walking

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15
Q

Define Contract

A

Draw together or shorten - such as a muscle when it contracts

con- + - tract
with, together + draw

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16
Q

What does it mean for something to Evert?

A

To turn outward

-vert + e-
turn + out

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17
Q

What does it mean for eversion to take place?

A

the action of turning a structure outward

-ion = action, condition

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18
Q

Define Extend

A

To straighten

extens/o = straighten, extend

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19
Q

Define Extension

A

The act of straightening a joint (straightening = increased joint angle)

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20
Q

What does it mean to Flex?

A

To bend a joint so that the two parts come together (decreases angle of joint)

(bringing R hand to R shoulder = flexing elbow so bicep and forearm come together)

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21
Q

Define Hyperextension

A

Excessive extension of a joint beyond normal range of motion

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22
Q

Define prefix hyper-

A

above, excessive

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23
Q

Define Hyperflexion

A

Excessive flexion of a limb beyond the normal limits

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24
Q

Define Invert

A

to turn inward

-vert + in-
turn + in, inward

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25
Q

What is Inversion?

A

The action of turning a structure inward

-ion + in- + -vert
Action, condition + in + turn

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26
Q

Define Peristalsis

A

Waves of constriction and relaxation in a tube that alternate

Muscle movement in swallowing and intestines

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27
Q

Define prefix peri-

A

around

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28
Q

define tone

A

tension present in resting muscles

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29
Q

Define bicep(s)

A

Bi- = two

muscle of arm with two heads / points of origin

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30
Q

Define Brachi/i

A

arm

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31
Q

Define combining form Brachi/o

A

arm

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32
Q

Define Deltoid

A

Fan-shaped muscle of the lateral shoulders. Also the superior aspect of the arm.

Common site of small intramuscular injections

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33
Q

Define Dorsum

A

The back of any part of the body (including hand)

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34
Q

Define Dorsal

A

Pertaining to the back of any part of the body

-al + dors- or dors/i
pertaining to + back

35
Q

Define Pectoral

A

Pertaining to the chest

-al + pector-
pertaining to + chest

36
Q

Define Hypothenar eminence

A

The fleshy mass opposite the thenar prominence on the little finger side of the palm (muscle next to pinky in palm)

hypo- + thenar

below, smaller + palm

37
Q

Define Triceps

A

Muscle of the arm that has three heads or points of origin

Tri- = three (prefix)

38
Q

Define Triceps Brachii

A

A muscle on the back of the arm and has three heads or points of origin

39
Q

Define Gluteus

A

Refers to one of three muscles in the buttocks

40
Q

Define Gluteal

A

pertaining to the buttocks (Glut- = buttocks)

41
Q

Define Maximus

A

Biggest muscle in the body - covers large part of each buttock

(gluteus maximus)
maximus = greatest/biggest

42
Q

Define Medius

A

Middle — in Latin

43
Q

Define Minimus

A

Smallest — in latin

44
Q

Define Popliteal Fossa

A

The hollow at the back of the knee

poplit/e- = ham, back of knee
fossa = trench, ditch

45
Q

Define Quadricep(s)

A

An anterior thigh muscle with four heads (origins)

Quadri- = four

46
Q

Define Inflammation

A

Reaction from blood vessels and nearby tissues in response to an injury

four cardinal signs:
1) heat
2) edema (swelling)
3) pain
4) erythema (redness)

47
Q

Define Multidisciplinary

A

pertaining to many disciplines or professional specialties

-ary + multi- + disciplin-
pertaining to + many + teaching, knowledge

48
Q

Define Orthotic

A

An Orthopedic appliance (tool) that corrects an abnormality

(like a cast on an arm, braces, splints, etc)

49
Q

Define word root Physic-

A

body

50
Q

Define Physical

A

Pertaining to body

51
Q

Define Prevention

A

Process to prevent occurrence of a disease or health problem

52
Q

Define Prosthesis

A

An artificial part to remedy a defect in the body

53
Q

Define Rehabilitation

A

Therapeutic restoration of an ability to function as before

-ion + re- + -habilitat-
action, condition + again + restore

54
Q

Define Therapeutic

A

Pertaining to the treatment of a disease or disorder

-ic + therapeut-
pertaining to treatement

55
Q

Define Atrophy

A

Wasting away / diminished volume of muscle tissue, an organ, or a body part

a- + -trophy
without nourishment

56
Q

Define Hypertrophy

A

increase in size of muscle

hyper- + -trophy
above, excessive + nourishment

commonly refers to exercise or weight-lifting

57
Q

Define Contracture

A

Muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis

(commonly due to lack of muscle use)

58
Q

Define Cramp

A

Sudden short, painful contractions of a muscle or group of muscles

59
Q

Define combining form muscul/o-

A

muscle

60
Q

What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A

a condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb muscles

61
Q

Define Myopathy

A

Any disease of muscle

-pathy + my/o-
disease + muscle

62
Q

Define Myositis

A

Inflammation of muscle tissue

-itis + myos/o
inflammation + muscle

63
Q

Define Polymyositis

A

Inflammation of many muscles

-itis + poly- + myos/o
inflammation + many + muscle

64
Q

Define Myalgia

A

muscle pain

my- + -algia
muscle + pain

synonym of myodynia

65
Q

Define Myodynia

A

My- + -dynia
muscle + pain

synonym of myalgia

66
Q

Define Rhabdomyolysis

A

Destruction of muscle that causes release of myoglobin into bloodstream (muscle proteins) (can cause kidney failure)

-lysis + rhabd/o- + -my/o-
destruction + rod-shaped + muscle

67
Q

Define Sprain

A

over-stretching or tearing of a ligament

(wrench = pull or twist, violent)

68
Q

Define Strain

A

Overstretching or tearing in a muscle or tendon

(wrench = pull or twist, violent)

69
Q

Define Tendinitis (tendonitis)

A

Inflammation of a tendon

-itis + tendin/o-
inflammation + tendon

70
Q

Define combining form ten/o-

A

Tendon

71
Q

Define combining form Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

72
Q

What does RICE refer to?

A

Rest
Ice
Compression +
Elevation

(a basic treatment for soft tissue + muscle injuries)

73
Q

What is an NSAID?

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

ex. ibuprofen (motrin, advil), aspirin, naproxen (Aleve)

74
Q

Define Analgesic

A

Something that relieves pain (produces pain relief/analgesia)

-ic + an- + -alges-
Pertaining to + without + sensation of pain

75
Q

What does the term Analgesia refer to?

A

A state in which pain is reduced

76
Q

Define Corticosteroid

A

A steroid hormone produced by the cortex of the adrenal gland

-steroid + cortic/o-
steroid + from the cortex

77
Q

Define Intramuscular

A

Pertaining to into or within a muscle

example: intra-muscular injection

intra- + muscul/o
within + muscle

78
Q

What happens in an Amputation?

A

a limb, part of a limb, or other projecting body part is removed

-ation + amput-
a process + prune, cut off

79
Q

What is a Myoplasty?

A

-plasty + my/o-
surgical repair + muscle

A surgical repair of a muscle

80
Q

Define Myotomy

A

-tomy + my/o
surgical incision + muscle

a Surgical incision of a muscle

81
Q

Define Myectomy

A

-ectomy + my/o-
surgical excision, to cut out + muscle

Surgical excision/removal of a muscle

82
Q

Define Myorraphy

A

-rraphy + my/o-
suture/sew together + muscle

Suturing of a Muscle

83
Q

Define Tenotomy or Tendotomy

A

Surgical incision into a tendon

-tomy + tend/o
surgical incision + tendon

84
Q

What is an Electromyography

A

Recording of electrical activity in a muscle

-graphy + electr/o- + my/o-
process of recording + electricity + muscle

HLTH 125 (15 decks)

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