CH 5: Muscular System Flashcards
what is fascia?
a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that encases a muscle
What is a ligament?
band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures (bone to bone)
Muscle?
tissue made of cells that contract
muscular
pertaining to + a muscle
Skeletal
pertaining to the skeleton
Skeletal muscle
muscles that attach to bones
(voluntary / striated muscle)
Tendon
Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone
Ten/o, Tend/o, + tendin/o = tendon
Voluntary Muscle
Muscle that is controlled by willpower (aka skeletal muscle)
Volunt- + -ary
pertaining to + free will
What is Abduction?
The Action of moving away from the middle line (like moving leg laterally away from body)
-ion + ab- + -duct-
action, condition + move away + lead
Define Abduct
Move away from the midline
define suffix -or
that which does something
What is an Adductor?
muscle that moves the thigh toward the midline
What is Adduction?
Action of moving toward the midline (like when a jumping jack is complete body is in a line)
What does it mean to be Ambulatory?
Refers to a patient who is capable of walking
Define Contract
Draw together or shorten - such as a muscle when it contracts
con- + - tract
with, together + draw
What does it mean for something to Evert?
To turn outward
-vert + e-
turn + out
What does it mean for eversion to take place?
the action of turning a structure outward
-ion = action, condition
Define Extend
To straighten
extens/o = straighten, extend
Define Extension
The act of straightening a joint (straightening = increased joint angle)
What does it mean to Flex?
To bend a joint so that the two parts come together (decreases angle of joint)
(bringing R hand to R shoulder = flexing elbow so bicep and forearm come together)
Define Hyperextension
Excessive extension of a joint beyond normal range of motion
Define prefix hyper-
above, excessive
Define Hyperflexion
Excessive flexion of a limb beyond the normal limits
Define Invert
to turn inward
-vert + in-
turn + in, inward
What is Inversion?
The action of turning a structure inward
-ion + in- + -vert
Action, condition + in + turn
Define Peristalsis
Waves of constriction and relaxation in a tube that alternate
Muscle movement in swallowing and intestines
Define prefix peri-
around
define tone
tension present in resting muscles
Define bicep(s)
Bi- = two
muscle of arm with two heads / points of origin
Define Brachi/i
arm
Define combining form Brachi/o
arm
Define Deltoid
Fan-shaped muscle of the lateral shoulders. Also the superior aspect of the arm.
Common site of small intramuscular injections
Define Dorsum
The back of any part of the body (including hand)
Define Dorsal
Pertaining to the back of any part of the body
-al + dors- or dors/i
pertaining to + back
Define Pectoral
Pertaining to the chest
-al + pector-
pertaining to + chest
Define Hypothenar eminence
The fleshy mass opposite the thenar prominence on the little finger side of the palm (muscle next to pinky in palm)
hypo- + thenar
below, smaller + palm
Define Triceps
Muscle of the arm that has three heads or points of origin
Tri- = three (prefix)
Define Triceps Brachii
A muscle on the back of the arm and has three heads or points of origin
Define Gluteus
Refers to one of three muscles in the buttocks
Define Gluteal
pertaining to the buttocks (Glut- = buttocks)
Define Maximus
Biggest muscle in the body - covers large part of each buttock
(gluteus maximus)
maximus = greatest/biggest
Define Medius
Middle — in Latin
Define Minimus
Smallest — in latin
Define Popliteal Fossa
The hollow at the back of the knee
poplit/e- = ham, back of knee
fossa = trench, ditch
Define Quadricep(s)
An anterior thigh muscle with four heads (origins)
Quadri- = four
Define Inflammation
Reaction from blood vessels and nearby tissues in response to an injury
four cardinal signs:
1) heat
2) edema (swelling)
3) pain
4) erythema (redness)
Define Multidisciplinary
pertaining to many disciplines or professional specialties
-ary + multi- + disciplin-
pertaining to + many + teaching, knowledge
Define Orthotic
An Orthopedic appliance (tool) that corrects an abnormality
(like a cast on an arm, braces, splints, etc)
Define word root Physic-
body
Define Physical
Pertaining to body
Define Prevention
Process to prevent occurrence of a disease or health problem
Define Prosthesis
An artificial part to remedy a defect in the body
Define Rehabilitation
Therapeutic restoration of an ability to function as before
-ion + re- + -habilitat-
action, condition + again + restore
Define Therapeutic
Pertaining to the treatment of a disease or disorder
-ic + therapeut-
pertaining to treatement
Define Atrophy
Wasting away / diminished volume of muscle tissue, an organ, or a body part
a- + -trophy
without nourishment
Define Hypertrophy
increase in size of muscle
hyper- + -trophy
above, excessive + nourishment
commonly refers to exercise or weight-lifting
Define Contracture
Muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis
(commonly due to lack of muscle use)
Define Cramp
Sudden short, painful contractions of a muscle or group of muscles
Define combining form muscul/o-
muscle
What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
a condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb muscles
Define Myopathy
Any disease of muscle
-pathy + my/o-
disease + muscle
Define Myositis
Inflammation of muscle tissue
-itis + myos/o
inflammation + muscle
Define Polymyositis
Inflammation of many muscles
-itis + poly- + myos/o
inflammation + many + muscle
Define Myalgia
muscle pain
my- + -algia
muscle + pain
synonym of myodynia
Define Myodynia
My- + -dynia
muscle + pain
synonym of myalgia
Define Rhabdomyolysis
Destruction of muscle that causes release of myoglobin into bloodstream (muscle proteins) (can cause kidney failure)
-lysis + rhabd/o- + -my/o-
destruction + rod-shaped + muscle
Define Sprain
over-stretching or tearing of a ligament
(wrench = pull or twist, violent)
Define Strain
Overstretching or tearing in a muscle or tendon
(wrench = pull or twist, violent)
Define Tendinitis (tendonitis)
Inflammation of a tendon
-itis + tendin/o-
inflammation + tendon
Define combining form ten/o-
Tendon
Define combining form Chondr/o
Cartilage
What does RICE refer to?
Rest
Ice
Compression +
Elevation
(a basic treatment for soft tissue + muscle injuries)
What is an NSAID?
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ex. ibuprofen (motrin, advil), aspirin, naproxen (Aleve)
Define Analgesic
Something that relieves pain (produces pain relief/analgesia)
-ic + an- + -alges-
Pertaining to + without + sensation of pain
What does the term Analgesia refer to?
A state in which pain is reduced
Define Corticosteroid
A steroid hormone produced by the cortex of the adrenal gland
-steroid + cortic/o-
steroid + from the cortex
Define Intramuscular
Pertaining to into or within a muscle
example: intra-muscular injection
intra- + muscul/o
within + muscle
What happens in an Amputation?
a limb, part of a limb, or other projecting body part is removed
-ation + amput-
a process + prune, cut off
What is a Myoplasty?
-plasty + my/o-
surgical repair + muscle
A surgical repair of a muscle
Define Myotomy
-tomy + my/o
surgical incision + muscle
a Surgical incision of a muscle
Define Myectomy
-ectomy + my/o-
surgical excision, to cut out + muscle
Surgical excision/removal of a muscle
Define Myorraphy
-rraphy + my/o-
suture/sew together + muscle
Suturing of a Muscle
Define Tenotomy or Tendotomy
Surgical incision into a tendon
-tomy + tend/o
surgical incision + tendon
What is an Electromyography
Recording of electrical activity in a muscle
-graphy + electr/o- + my/o-
process of recording + electricity + muscle
