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HLTH 125 > CH 5: Muscular System > Flashcards

CH 5: Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

what is fascia?

A

a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that encases a muscle

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2
Q

What is a ligament?

A

band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures (bone to bone)

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3
Q

Muscle?

A

tissue made of cells that contract

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4
Q

muscular

A

pertaining to + a muscle

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5
Q

Skeletal

A

pertaining to the skeleton

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6
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

muscles that attach to bones

(voluntary / striated muscle)

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7
Q

Tendon

A

Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

Ten/o, Tend/o, + tendin/o = tendon

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8
Q

Voluntary Muscle

A

Muscle that is controlled by willpower (aka skeletal muscle)

Volunt- + -ary

pertaining to + free will

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9
Q

What is Abduction?

A

The Action of moving away from the middle line (like moving leg laterally away from body)

-ion + ab- + -duct-
action, condition + move away + lead

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10
Q

Define Abduct

A

Move away from the midline

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11
Q

define suffix -or

A

that which does something

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12
Q

What is an Adductor?

A

muscle that moves the thigh toward the midline

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13
Q

What is Adduction?

A

Action of moving toward the midline (like when a jumping jack is complete body is in a line)

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14
Q

What does it mean to be Ambulatory?

A

Refers to a patient who is capable of walking

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15
Q

Define Contract

A

Draw together or shorten - such as a muscle when it contracts

con- + - tract
with, together + draw

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16
Q

What does it mean for something to Evert?

A

To turn outward

-vert + e-
turn + out

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17
Q

What does it mean for eversion to take place?

A

the action of turning a structure outward

-ion = action, condition

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18
Q

Define Extend

A

To straighten

extens/o = straighten, extend

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19
Q

Define Extension

A

The act of straightening a joint (straightening = increased joint angle)

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20
Q

What does it mean to Flex?

A

To bend a joint so that the two parts come together (decreases angle of joint)

(bringing R hand to R shoulder = flexing elbow so bicep and forearm come together)

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21
Q

Define Hyperextension

A

Excessive extension of a joint beyond normal range of motion

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22
Q

Define prefix hyper-

A

above, excessive

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23
Q

Define Hyperflexion

A

Excessive flexion of a limb beyond the normal limits

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24
Q

Define Invert

A

to turn inward

-vert + in-
turn + in, inward

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25
What is Inversion?
The action of turning a structure inward -ion + in- + -vert Action, condition + in + turn
26
Define Peristalsis
**Waves of constriction and relaxation** in a tube that alternate Muscle movement in swallowing and intestines
27
Define prefix peri-
around
28
define tone
tension present in resting muscles
29
Define bicep(s)
Bi- = two **muscle of arm with two heads** / points of origin
30
Define Brachi/i
arm
31
Define combining form Brachi/o
arm
32
Define Deltoid
**Fan-shaped muscle of the lateral shoulders.** Also the superior aspect of the arm. Common site of small intramuscular injections
33
Define Dorsum
The back of any part of the body (including hand)
34
Define Dorsal
Pertaining to the back of any part of the body -al + dors- or dors/i pertaining to + back
35
Define Pectoral
Pertaining to the chest -al + pector- pertaining to + chest
36
Define Hypothenar eminence
The fleshy mass opposite the thenar prominence on the little finger side of the palm (muscle next to pinky in palm) hypo- + thenar below, smaller + palm
37
Define Triceps
Muscle of the arm that has three heads or points of origin Tri- = three (prefix)
38
Define Triceps Brachii
A muscle on the back of the arm and has three heads or points of origin
39
Define Gluteus
Refers to one of three muscles in the buttocks
40
Define Gluteal
pertaining to the buttocks (Glut- = buttocks)
41
Define Maximus
Biggest muscle in the body - covers large part of each buttock (gluteus maximus) maximus = greatest/biggest
42
Define Medius
Middle --- in Latin
43
Define Minimus
Smallest --- in latin
44
Define Popliteal Fossa
The hollow at the back of the knee poplit/e- = ham, back of knee fossa = trench, ditch
45
Define Quadricep(s)
An anterior thigh muscle with four heads (origins) Quadri- = four
46
Define Inflammation
Reaction from **blood vessels** and **nearby tissues** in response to an injury four cardinal signs: 1) heat 2) edema (swelling) 3) pain 4) erythema (redness)
47
Define Multidisciplinary
pertaining to many disciplines or professional specialties -ary + multi- + disciplin- pertaining to + many + teaching, knowledge
48
Define Orthotic
An **Orthopedic** appliance **(tool) that corrects an abnormality** (like a cast on an arm, braces, splints, etc)
49
Define word root Physic-
body
50
Define Physical
Pertaining to body
51
Define Prevention
Process to prevent occurrence of a disease or health problem
52
Define Prosthesis
An artificial part to **remedy a defect** in the body
53
Define Rehabilitation
**Therapeutic restoration** of an ability to function as before -ion + re- + -habilitat- action, condition + again + restore
54
Define Therapeutic
Pertaining to the treatment of a disease or disorder -ic + therapeut- pertaining to treatement
55
Define Atrophy
Wasting away / diminished volume of muscle tissue, an organ, or a body part a- + -trophy without nourishment
56
Define Hypertrophy
increase in size of muscle hyper- + -trophy above, excessive + nourishment commonly refers to exercise or weight-lifting
57
Define Contracture
Muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis (commonly due to lack of muscle use)
58
Define Cramp
Sudden short, painful contractions of a muscle or group of muscles
59
Define combining form muscul/o-
muscle
60
What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
a condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb muscles
61
Define Myopathy
Any disease of muscle -pathy + my/o- disease + muscle
62
Define Myositis
Inflammation of muscle tissue -itis + myos/o inflammation + muscle
63
Define Polymyositis
Inflammation of many muscles -itis + poly- + myos/o inflammation + many + muscle
64
Define Myalgia
muscle pain my- + -algia muscle + pain synonym of myodynia
65
Define Myodynia
My- + -dynia muscle + pain synonym of myalgia
66
Define Rhabdomyolysis
Destruction of muscle that causes release of myoglobin into bloodstream (muscle proteins) (can cause kidney failure) -lysis + rhabd/o- + -my/o- destruction + rod-shaped + muscle
67
Define Sprain
over-stretching or tearing **of a ligament** (wrench = pull or twist, violent)
68
Define Strain
Overstretching or tearing **in a muscle or tendon** (wrench = pull or twist, violent)
69
Define Tendinitis (tendonitis)
Inflammation of a tendon -itis + tendin/o- inflammation + tendon
70
Define combining form ten/o-
Tendon
71
Define combining form Chondr/o
Cartilage
72
What does RICE refer to?
Rest Ice Compression + Elevation (a basic treatment for soft tissue + muscle injuries)
73
What is an NSAID?
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ex. ibuprofen (motrin, advil), aspirin, naproxen (Aleve)
74
Define Analgesic
Something that relieves pain (produces pain relief/analgesia) -ic + an- + -alges- Pertaining to + without + sensation of pain
75
What does the term Analgesia refer to?
A state in which pain is reduced
76
Define Corticosteroid
A steroid hormone produced by the cortex of the adrenal gland -steroid + cortic/o- steroid + from the cortex
77
Define Intramuscular
Pertaining to **into or within** a muscle example: **intra-muscular** injection intra- + muscul/o within + muscle
78
What happens in an Amputation?
a limb, part of a limb, or other projecting body part is removed -ation + amput- a process + prune, cut off
79
What is a Myoplasty?
-plasty + my/o- surgical repair + muscle A surgical repair of a muscle
80
Define Myotomy
-tomy + my/o surgical incision + muscle a Surgical incision of a muscle
81
Define Myectomy
-ectomy + my/o- surgical excision, to cut out + muscle Surgical excision/removal of a muscle
82
Define Myorraphy
-rraphy + my/o- suture/sew together + muscle Suturing of a Muscle
83
Define Tenotomy or Tendotomy
Surgical **incision into a tendon** -tomy + tend/o surgical incision + tendon
84
What is an Electromyography
Recording of electrical activity in a muscle -graphy + electr/o- + my/o- process of recording + electricity + muscle

HLTH 125 (15 decks)

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