CH 13: Urinary System Flashcards
Define Bladder
Hollow sac that holds fluid; ex: urine or bile
Define Urinary Bladder
Hollow muscular organ located on the floor of the pelvic cavity, posterior to the public symphysis
Define Glomerulus
Network (plexus) of capillaries in a nephron where waste is filtered out of the blood
Define Hilum
The opening or site where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ
hila is plural
Define Kidney
Main Organ of excretion;
Main organ responsible for eliminating major body wastes from the blood
Define Excretion
process of eliminating or expelling metabolic waste
Define Nephron
Filtration unit of the kidney
Nephr/o- = kidney
Define Nephrology
Study of the kidney
-logy = study of
nephr/o- = kidney
Define Nephrologist
Medical specialist in the study of the kidney diseases and disorders
-logist = one who studies, specialist
nephr/o- = kidney
Define Nephroscopy
Process of visual examination of the kidney with a Nephroscope
-scopy = to examine
-scope = instrument for viewing
Define Renal
Pertaining to the kidney
-al = pertaining to
ren- = kidney
Define Ureteral
Pertaining to a ureter;
the tube that connects the kidney to the urinary bladder
ureteral is plural of ureter
-al = pertaining to
ureter- = ureter
Define Urine
Fluid and dissolved substances excreted by the kidney.
urin- = urine
Define Urinary
Pertaining to Urine
-ary = pertaining to
urin- = urine
Define Urinate
To pass urine
-ate = composed of, pertaining to
urin- = urine
Define Urination
Process of passing urine
-ation = process
urin- = urine
Define Urologist
Specialist in treating disorders of the urinary tract
-logist = one who studies, specialist
ur/o- = urinary system
Define Diuretic
An agent that increases urine output
-etic = pertaining to
di(a) = complete
-ur- = urine
Define Glomerulonephritis
Infection of the glomeruli of the kidney
-itis = inflammation / infection
glomerul/o- = glomerulus
-nephr- = kidney
Define Hematuria
Blood in the urine
-uria = urine
hemat- = blood
Define Nephrectomy
Surgical removal of a kidney
-ectomy = surgical excision (removal)
nephr- = kidney
Define Nephrotomy
Surgical incision into the kidney
-tomy = surgical incision
nephr- = kidney
Define Nephropathy
Any disease of the kidney
-pathy = disease
nephr/o- = kidney
Define Nephrotic Syndrome
Glomerular disease that causes a marked loss of protein (same as Nephrosis)
-tic = pertaining to
nephr/o- = kidney
Define Nephrosis
A condition of the kidney (same as Nephrotic Syndrome)
-osis = condition
nephr- = kidney
Define IV (iv)
intravenous
Define KUB
x-ray of abdomen to show kidneys, ureters, and bladder
Define UA
Urinalysis test
Define Anuria
Without/lack of urine production
-ia = condition
an- = a lack of, no, without
-ur- = urine
Define Hemodialysis
An artificial method of filtration to remove excess waste materials and water directly from the blood
dia- = complete
-lysis = destruction
hem/o- = blood
Define Peritoneal Dialysis
Type of dialysis that places dialysis fluid into the abdominal cavity and then extracts and filters it.
dia- = complete
-lysis = destruction
hem/o- = blood
Define Nephritis
Inflammation/infection of the kidney
-itis = inflammation / infection
nephr- = kidney
Define Oliguria
Scanty production of urine
-ia = condition
olig- = scanty (limited or less than in quantity)
-ur- = urine
Define Polycystic
Pertaining to many sacs
-ic = pertaining to
poly- = many
-cyst- = sac, bladder, cyst
Define Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
-itis = inflammation / infection
pyel/o- = renal pelvis
-nephr- = kidney
Define Uremia
Blood condition due to the urinary system;
results from excessive amounts of nitrogenous waste products in the blood.
-emia = blood condition
ur- = urine
Define Calculus
Small stone (calculi = plural)
Define Flank
Side of the body between the bottom of the ribs and top of the pelvis
broad in Latin
flank = side in military terms (flanking the enemy)
Define Flank Pain
Indicative of a kidney disorder
flank = broad in Latin
Define Groin (no yellow highlight - bonus)
crease where the thigh joins the abdomen; aka inguinal area
Define Hydronephrosis
Dilation of the pelvis and calyces of a kidney;
literally: condition of water in the kidney
-osis = condition
hydr/o- = water
-nephr/o- = kidney
Define Lithotripsy
Crushing a stone(s) by sound waves
-tripsy = crushing
lith/o- = stone
Define Nephrolithiasis
presence of a kidney stone
-iasis = condition, state of
nephr/o- = kidney
-lith- = stone
Define Nephrolithotomy
Incision of the kidney to remove a stone
-tomy = surgical incision
nephr/o- = kidney
-lith- = stone
Define Enuresis
Involuntary bed-wetting; urinary incontinence
-esis = condition
enur- = urinate
Define Meatus
External opening of a passage
A passage in Latin
Define Micturition
Act of passing urine
aka void/voiding
Define Reflex
An involuntary response to a stimulus
Define Sphincter
A band of muscle that encircles an opening;
when it contracts, the opening squeezes closed
a band in Greek
Define Urethra
Canal that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body
urethr- = urethra
Define Void
To evacuate urine or feces
to empty in Latin
Define prefix in- (involuntary)
not (voluntary)
Define Cystitis
Inflammation / infection of the urinary bladder
-itis = inflammation/infection
cyst- = bladder
Define Dysuria
Difficulty or pain with urination
-ia = condition
dys- = bad, difficult, pain
-ur- = urine
Define Incontinence
Inability to prevent discharge of urine or feces
-ence = state of
in- = not
-contin- = hold together
Define Stress Incontinence
The loss of urine when pressure is exerted on the bladder by coughing, laughing, exercising, or lifting
-ence = state of
in- = not
-contin- = hold together
Define Urge Incontinence
A sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by an involuntary loss of urine
-ence = state of
in- = not
-contin- = hold together
Define Pyelitis
Inflammation / infection of the renal pelvis
-itis = inflammation / infection
pyel- = renal pelvis
Define Retention
Holding back in the body what should normally be discharged (ex: urine)
Define Suprapubic
Pertaining to above the pubis
-ic = pertaining to
supra- = above
-pub- = pubis
Define Urethritis
Inflammation / infection of the urethra
-itis = inflammation /infection
urethr- = urethra
Define Vesicoureteral
Pertaining to the bladder and ureter
-al = pertaining to
vesic/o- = bladder
-ureter- = ureter
Define Reflux
To flow backward
re- = back
-flux = flow
Define Cytoscope
Endoscope used to view inside of bladder
-scope = instrument for viewing
cyst/o- = bladder, sac
Define Cytoscopy
Procedure to visualize the urinary bladder
-scopy = to examine
endo- = within
Define Endoscope
Any scope inserted within the body for internal examination
endo- = within
-scope = instrument for viewing
Define Edema
Fluid retention; excessive accumulation of fluid in cells and tissues
edema = swelling (root not suffix)
Define Glycosuria
Presence of glucose in urine
-ia = condition
glyc/o- = glucose
-ur- = urinary system
Define Nocturia
Excessive urination at night
-ia = condition
noct- = night
-ur- = urinary system
Define Ketone
Chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation
ket/o- = ketones
Define Ketosis
Excess production of ketones
-osis = abnormal condition
ket/o- = ketones
Define Ketoacidosis
Excessive production of ketones, making the blood acid
-osis = abnormal condition
ket/o- = ketones
-acid/o- = acid, low pH
Define pH
Measure of how acidic or alkaline urine is
-ia = condition
protein- = protein
-uri- = urine
Define Urinalysis
Examination of urine to separate it into its elements and define their kind and/or quantity
-lysis = to separate
urin/a- = urine
3 common methods for urine collection?
- random urine collection
- clean-catch, midstream urine specimen
- catheterization
Define Catheterization
procedure of the bladder; can be used as a last resort to obtain a urine specimen.
soft plastic or rubber tube (catheter) is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to drain and collect urine
