CH 7.2 & 7.3: Lymph & Immune Systems Flashcards
Define Allergen
Substance creating or producing a hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction
-gen = generate, create, produce
all- = other, strange
-erg- = work
Define Allergy / Allergic Reaction
Hypersensitivity to a particular allergen
-ergy = process of working
all- = other, strange
-ic = pertaining to
Define Intersitial
Pertaining to spaces within tissues between cells
-al = pertaining to
interstiti- = space between cells
Define Lymph
Clear fluid collected from the interstitial spaces of tissues and transported by lymph vessels to the venous circulation;
interstitial fluid become lymph when it enters the lymphatic capillaries
Define Lymphatic
Pertaining to lymph or the lymphatic system
-atic = pertaining to
lymph- = lymph
Define Lymphoid
Resembling lymphatic tissue
-oid = resembling
lymph- = lymph
Define Node
A circumscribed mass of tissue
(circ. = restricted within limits)
knot in Latin
Define Lymph Node
circular masses of tissue that work like filters against invading pathogens;
found in body, mostly in neck, axilla, and groin
node = knot
lymph = lymph
Define Pathogen
A disease-causing microorganism
-gen = produce, create
path/o- = disease
Define Immunity
State of being protected
-ity = condition
immun- = immune
Define Immunology
The science and practice of immunity and allergy
-logy = study of
immun- = immune
Define Immunologist
Specialist in the study of the immune system
-logist = one who studies, specialist
immun- = immune
Define Immunization
Administration of an agent to provide immunity
-ization = process of inserting or creating
immun- = immune
Define Adenoid
single mass of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx (area of throat at back of nasal cavity)
-oid = resemble
aden- = gland
Define Bacterium / Bacteria (pl)
Simple, single-celled microscopic organism(s)
a staff in Greek
Define Immunoglobulin (Ig)
A specific protein evoked by an antigen
-in = chemical compound, substance
immun/o- = immune
-globul- = protein, globular
Define Spleen
largest lymphatic organ
located in left upper quadrant of abdomen, vascular.
acts as reservoir for RBCs and platelets
Spleen in Greek
Define Splenomegaly
Enlargement of the spleen
-megaly = enlargement
splen/o- = spleen
Define Thymus
Endocrine gland located in the mediastinum; essential to building immunity
Define Tonsil
Mass of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat at the back of the tongue
tonsill-, tonsill/o- = tonsil
Define Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsil(s)
-itis = inflammation, infection
Define Tonsillectomy
surgical removal of a tonsil(s)
-ectomy = surgical excision (removal)
Define Inguinal
Pertaining to the groin
-al = pertaining to
inguin- = groin
Define Lymphadenectomy
Surgical excision (removal) of a lymph node(s)
-ectomy = surgical excision
lymphaden- = lymph node
Define Lymphadenitis
inflammation of a lymph node(s)
-itis = inflammation
lymphaden- = lymph node
Define Lymphadenopathy
Any disease process affecting the lymph node(s)
-pathy = disease
lymphaden- = lymph node
Define Lymphangiogram
radiographic images of lymph vessels and nodes following injection of contrast material
-gram = recording
lymphangi/o- = lymphatic vessels
Define lymphedema
An accumulation of fluid and tissue swelling due to obstruction of lymphatic flow
-edema = swelling
lymph- = lymph
Define edema
fluid retention; excessive accumulation of fluid in cells and tissues
-edema = swelling (root only not suffix)
Define Lymphoma
Any malignant neoplasm (tumor) of lymphatic tissue
-oma = tumor, mass
lymph- = lymph, lymph system
Define Neoplasm
A new growth (can be either a benign or malignant tumor)
neo- = new
-plasm = to form
Define Virus
A group of non-living infectious agents that require a living host’s cells for growth and reproduction
Define Antigen
A substance capable of triggering an immune response
anti- = against
-gen = create, produce
Define Antibody
A protein (immunoglobulin) produced in response to an antigen.
All antibodies are immunoglobulins (Ig).
body = body
anti- = against
Define Autoimmune
A person’s immune system reacts against it’s own body tissues.
auto- = self, same
-immune = protected
Define Mutation
Change in the chemistry of a gene;
A change in the structure or physiology of a bacteria in response to an antibiotic
to change in Latin
Define Toxin
Poison; a poisonous substance formed by a cell or organism
Poison in Greek
Define Attenuate
weaken the ability of an organism to produce disease
-ate = composed of, pertaining to
attenu- = weaken
Define Vaccination
Administration of a vaccine
-ation = process
vaccin- = vaccine, giving a vaccine
Define Vaccine
A preparation to generate active immunity; agent intended to prevent disease
vaccin- = vaccine, giving a vaccine
Define Alloimmune
immune reaction directed against foreign tissue
all/o- = other, strange
-immune = immunity
Define Anaphylaxis
immediate, severe, allergic response
ana- = excessive
-phylaxis = protection
Define Anaphylactic
Pertaining to anaphylaxis
-tic = pertaining to
-phylac- = protect
Define Dormant
Inactive (phase of a pathogen, not cured)
-ant = forming
dorm- = sleep
Define Histamine
Compound liberated in tissues as a result of injury or an immune response;
in most hypersensitivity reactions, allergens stimulate cells to produce histamine
hist- = derived from histidine
-amine = nitrogen-containing substance
Define Antihistamine
Drug used to treat allergic symptoms because of its action antagonistic to histamine
anti- = against
hist- = derived from histidine
-amine = nitrogen-containing substance
Define Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction;
exaggerated, abnormal reaction to an allergen
-ity = condition
hyper- = excessive
-senseitiv- = feeling
Define Immunodeficiency
Failure of the immune system because it is unable to provide appropriate protection
-ency = quality, state of
immun/o- = immune response
-defici- = failure, lacking
Define Immunosuppression
Suppression of the immune system caused by an outside agent
-ion = action, condition
-suppress- = press under
Define Incubation
The dormant phase of a developing infection
-action = process
incub- = lie on, hatch
Define Opportunistic
An organism or a disease that invades the body because the person had a lowered resistance (compromised immune system)
-istic = pertaining to
opportun- = take advantage of
Define Resistance
Ability of an organism to withstand the affect of an antagonistic agent (ex. antibiotic resistance)
-ance = state of, action
re- = again
-sist- = against, oppose
Define Urticaria
Hives (rash of itchy wheals - raised bumps)
Nettle in Latin
Define Contagious
An infection that can be transmitted from person to person
-ious = pertaining to
con- = with, together
-tag- = touch
Define Flora
Microorganisms that naturally exist on the internal/external surfaces of the body (help us maintain homeostasis)
flower in Latin
Define Homeostasis
Stability of equilibrium
-stasis = control, stop
home/o- = same
Define Infect
To invade an organism by a microorganism
invade internally in Latin
infect- (root) = internal invasion
Define Nosocomial
An infection acquired while in the hospital
-ial = pertaining to
nos/o- = disease
-com- = take care of
