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HLTH 125 > CH 4: Skeletal System > Flashcards

CH 4: Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four components of the skeletal system?

A

Bones, Tendons, Ligaments, and Cartilage

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2
Q

True or False: The shape of the bones determines the classification of bones.

A

true

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3
Q

Articulate / Articulation

A

joint; the site where two bones come together

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4
Q

break down Articulation / Articulate

A

process/action of + joint

OR

composed of + joint

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5
Q

Bursa

A

Closed sac that contains synovial fluid

a sac of fluid that reduces friction between soft tissue and a bone

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6
Q

Cartilage

A

firm connective tissue found mostly in joints (nonvascular - w/out blood vessels)

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7
Q

define word combining form chir/o

A

hand

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8
Q

Chiropractor

A

Practitioner of chiropractic focuses on the manual adjustment of joints.

literally: a doer of practical/efficient hands

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9
Q

Cortex

A

outer portion of an organ, such as bone

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10
Q

Cortical

A

Pertaining to a cortex

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11
Q

Cortical Bone

A

The compact outer layer of all bones

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12
Q

break down Cortical

A

-al + cortic-
suffix + root
pertaining to + cortex

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13
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft of a long bone

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14
Q

Define Epiphysis

A

The proximal and distal ends of a long bone

nearer to center & farther from center

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15
Q

break down epiphysis

A

-physis + epi-
root + prefix
growth + upon, above

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16
Q

Epiphysial

A

pertaining to an epiphysis

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17
Q

Ligament

A

a fibrous band of tissue connecting two structures; most commonly that which attaches bone-to-bone, though there are others

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18
Q

Marrow

A

fatty, blood-forming tissue in the cavities of long bones

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19
Q

Medulla

A

central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex

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20
Q

Medullary

A

Pertaining to a medulla

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21
Q

Muscle

A

tissue consisting of cell that can contract

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22
Q

Orthopedic

A

Pertaining to the correction and cure of deformities and diseases of the musculoskeletal system

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23
Q

break down orthopedic

A

-ic + orth/o + -ped-
suffix + comb. form + root
pertaining to + straight + child

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24
Q

Osteocyte

A

a bone cell

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25
Q

break down osteocyte

A

oste/o- + -cyte
comb. form + root
bone + cell

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26
Q

Osteogenesis

A

the formation/creation of new bone

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27
Q

break down osteogenesis

A

-genesis + oste/o-
suffix + comb. form
creation/formation + bone

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28
Q

osteopathy

A

medical practice based on maintaining the balance of the body

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29
Q

breakdown osteopathy

A

-pathy + oste/o-
suffix + comb. form
disease + bone

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30
Q

periosteum

A

a structure (membrane) around a bone

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31
Q

break down periosteum

A

-um + peri- + -oste-
suffix + prefix + root
structure + around + bone

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32
Q

Podiatrist

A

practitioner of podiatry

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33
Q

Podiatry

A

the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot

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34
Q

define word root pod-

A

foot

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35
Q

Tendon

A

firbrous band that connects muscle to bone

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36
Q

common pertaining to endings:

A

-ic, -ac, -al, -ary, -ial, -us, -eal, -ar

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37
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

consists of bones going in straight line from skull to coccyx (80 major bones)

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38
Q

Cervical

A

Pertaining to the neck/neck region

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39
Q

break down cervical

A

-al + cervic-
pertaining to + neck
suffix + root

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40
Q

clavicle

A

collarbone (anterior part of pectoral girdle)

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41
Q

cranium

A

the skull - skull in greek

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42
Q

define word root crani-

A

skull

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43
Q

Mandible

A

lower jawbone

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44
Q

Maxilla

A

upper jawbone (contains R + L maxillary sinuses)

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45
Q

Occipital

A

pertaining to the back of the head/skull

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46
Q

occiput

A

the back of the head

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47
Q

pectoral

A

pertaining to the chest

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48
Q

break down pectoral

A

-al + pector-
pertaining to + chest
suffix + root

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49
Q

scapula

A

a shoulder blade

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50
Q

scapulae

A

plural of scapula ; shoulder bladeS

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51
Q

spinal cord

A

a cord of nerves that lies protected within the vertebral canal of the vertebral column

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52
Q

Vertebra

A

one of the bones of the spinal column

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53
Q

vertebrae

A

more than one vertebra

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54
Q

intervertebral discs

A

the space between two vertebrae; a fibrocartilaginous disk found between the vertebrae

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55
Q

break down intervertebral

A

-al + inter- + vertebr-
pertaining to + between + vertebra

56
Q

scoliosis

A

an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine/vertebral column (s-shaped)

57
Q

Carpal

A

bones of the wrist

(literally; pertaining to the wrist)

58
Q

carpals

A

the five bones between the carpus (wrist) and the fingers

59
Q

define prefix meta-

A

after, subsequent to

60
Q

distal

A

situated away from the point of attachment (opposite of proximal)

points of limb attachment are the shoulder or the hip and are commonly used as the reference point; however, directional terms are always based on the point of reference. (a tibial injury would be distal to the hip, yet it is proximal if the point of reference is the ankle.)

61
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bone that extends from the shoulder to the elbow

62
Q

proximal

A

situated closer or near to

(points of limb attachment are the shoulder or the hip and are commonly used as the reference point; however, directional terms are always based on the point of reference. (a tibial injury would be distal to the hip, yet it is proximal if the point of reference is the ankle.)

63
Q

radius

A

forearm bone on the thumb side

64
Q

ulna

A

a bone of the forearm (on the pinky side)

65
Q

femur

A

thigh bone

66
Q

femoral

A

pertaining to the femur

67
Q

tarsal

A

pertaining to the bones that form the ankle

68
Q

tarsus

A

collection of seven bones in the foot that form the ankle and instep

69
Q

tibia

A

larger bone of the lower leg

70
Q

tibial

A

pertaining to the tibia

71
Q

amputation

A

process of removing a limb, part of a limb, a breast, or other projecting part

72
Q

define word root amput-

A

to prune, top off

73
Q

biopsy

A

to view life; process of removing tissue from a living person for laboratory examination

74
Q

brace

A

appliance to support a part of the body in its correct position

75
Q

chemotherapy

A

medical treatment using chemicals

76
Q

breakdown chemotherapy

A

-therapy + chem/o-
suffix + comb. form
medical treatment + chemical

77
Q

cryosurgery

A

use of liquid nitrogen or argon gas in surgery to freeze and kill abnormal tissue

78
Q

break down cryosurgery

A

-ery + cry/o- + -surg-
process of + icy cold + operate
suffix + comb. form + root

79
Q

debridement

A

removal of rubble (injured or dead/necrotic tissue or foreign debris embedded within the tissue)

80
Q

break down debridement

A

-ment + de- + -bride-
action + removal/out of + rubble/rubbish
suffix + prefix + root

81
Q

diastasis

A

separation of normally joined parts

82
Q

extension

A

the action of straightening (increasing angle of a joint)

83
Q

flexion

A

the action of bending (decreasing the angle of a joint)

84
Q

pronation

A

process of lying face down or of turning a hand or foot with the volar (palm or sole) surface down

85
Q

prone

A

lying face down, flat on your stomach/belly side

86
Q

radiology

A

study of radiation (medical imaging)

87
Q

radiologist

A

one who studies x-rays; medical specialist in the use, study, and interpreting of x-rays and other imaging techniques

88
Q

radiotherapy

A

medical treatment using radiation

89
Q

stable

A

steady, not varying

90
Q

stabilize

A

to make or hold firm and steady

91
Q

supination

A

process of lying face upward or of turning a hand or foot so that the palm or sole is facing up

92
Q

supine

A

lying face up, flat on your back

93
Q

arthrocentesis

A

aspiration of fluid from a joint (by use of a needle)

94
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgery to repair, as far as possible, the function of a joint

95
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of a joint

96
Q

define the suffix -plasty

A

reshaping by surgery

97
Q

define suffix -desis

A

to fuse together

98
Q

define suffix -graphy

A

process of recording

99
Q

define suffix -scopy

A

process of using an instrument to examine visually

100
Q

define combining form arthr/o-

A

joint

101
Q

define suffix -ism

A

condition

102
Q

avascular

A

no blood supply (may refer to lack of blood supply caused by trauma)

103
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa;

inflammation of synovial sacs of fluid that surround a joint

104
Q

deformity

A

a permanent (or temporary) structural deviation from the normal

105
Q

define prefix de-

A

change of

106
Q

dislocation

A

bones are completely out of joint/alignment

107
Q

hematoma (contusion)

A

a bruise

(collection of blood that has escaped from blood vessels into tissue)

108
Q

break down hematoma (contusion)

A

-oma + hemat-
suffix + root
tumor/mass + blood

109
Q

necrosis

A

death;

(pathologic death of cells or tissue)

110
Q

define combining form necr/o-

A

death

111
Q

avascular necrosis

A

the death of bone tissue when the blood supply is cut off (usually as a result of trauma)

112
Q

osteomalacia

A

abnormal softening of bone;

(soft, flexible bones lacking in calcium)

113
Q

break down osteomalacia

A

-malacia (softening) + oste/o- (bone)
infers abnormal softening
suffix + comb. form

114
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation/infection of bone and bone marrow

115
Q

break down osteomyelitis

A

-itis + oste/o- + myel-
inflammation and infection + bone- + bone marrow
suffix + comb. form + root

116
Q

osteopenia

A

deficiency of bone; decreased calcification of bone or low bone density

117
Q

break down osteopenia

A

-penia + oste/o-
suffix + comb. form
deficient/too few + bone

118
Q

osteoporosis

A

condition in which the bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile and more likely to fracture

(literally; condition of bone openings/holes)

119
Q

define suffix -sis and -osis

A

condition

120
Q

define comb. form -por/o-

A

opening

121
Q

pathologic fracture

A

fracture that occurs at a site already weakened by a disease process, such as cancer

122
Q

pathologic

A

pertaining to the study of disease

123
Q

define word root -log-

A

to study

124
Q

define word comb. form path/o-

A

disease

125
Q

subluxation

A

incomplete dislocation

(some contact between the joint surfaces remains)

126
Q

define word root -luxat-

A

dislocate

127
Q

tendinitis (also tendonitis)

A

inflammation of a tendon

128
Q

define word root tendin- and cf tendon/o-

A

tendon

129
Q

closed fracture

A

a bone is broken, but the skin over it is intact (not broken)

also called: simple fracture

130
Q

open fracture

A

a fragment of the fractured bone breaks the skin, or a wound extends to the site of the fracture.

also called: compound fracture

131
Q

complete fracture

A

a bone is broken into at least two separate pieces

132
Q

incomplete fracture

A

the fracture does not extend completely across the bone.

(it can be hairline, as in a stress fracture in the foot, when there is no separation of the two fragments)

133
Q

Spiral fracture

A

the fracture spirals around the long axis of the bone

(spiral fractures in children is usually a sign of abuse)

134
Q

pathologic fracture

A

occurs in an area of bone weakened by disease, such as cancer

135
Q

fracture (fx)

A

fx = fracture

136
Q

compression fracture

A

occurs in a vertebra from trauma or pathology, leading to the vertebra being crushed

137
Q

stress fracture

A

fatigue fracture caused by repetitive, local stress on a bone, as occurs in marching or running

think david goggins

HLTH 125 (15 decks)

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