CH 4: Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
What are the four components of the skeletal system?
A
Bones, Tendons, Ligaments, and Cartilage
2
Q
True or False: The shape of the bones determines the classification of bones.
A
true
3
Q
Articulate / Articulation
A
joint; the site where two bones come together
4
Q
break down Articulation / Articulate
A
process/action of + joint
OR
composed of + joint
5
Q
Bursa
A
Closed sac that contains synovial fluid
a sac of fluid that reduces friction between soft tissue and a bone
6
Q
Cartilage
A
firm connective tissue found mostly in joints (nonvascular - w/out blood vessels)
7
Q
define word combining form chir/o
A
hand
8
Q
Chiropractor
A
Practitioner of chiropractic focuses on the manual adjustment of joints.
literally: a doer of practical/efficient hands
9
Q
Cortex
A
outer portion of an organ, such as bone
10
Q
Cortical
A
Pertaining to a cortex
11
Q
Cortical Bone
A
The compact outer layer of all bones
12
Q
break down Cortical
A
-al + cortic-
suffix + root
pertaining to + cortex
13
Q
Diaphysis
A
The shaft of a long bone
14
Q
Define Epiphysis
A
The proximal and distal ends of a long bone
nearer to center & farther from center
15
Q
break down epiphysis
A
-physis + epi-
root + prefix
growth + upon, above
16
Q
Epiphysial
A
pertaining to an epiphysis
17
Q
Ligament
A
a fibrous band of tissue connecting two structures; most commonly that which attaches bone-to-bone, though there are others
18
Q
Marrow
A
fatty, blood-forming tissue in the cavities of long bones
19
Q
Medulla
A
central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex
20
Q
Medullary
A
Pertaining to a medulla
21
Q
Muscle
A
tissue consisting of cell that can contract
22
Q
Orthopedic
A
Pertaining to the correction and cure of deformities and diseases of the musculoskeletal system
23
Q
break down orthopedic
A
-ic + orth/o + -ped-
suffix + comb. form + root
pertaining to + straight + child
24
Q
Osteocyte
A
a bone cell
25
break down osteocyte
oste/o- + -cyte
comb. form + root
bone + cell
26
Osteogenesis
the formation/creation of new bone
27
break down osteogenesis
-genesis + oste/o-
suffix + comb. form
creation/formation + bone
28
osteopathy
medical practice based on maintaining the balance of the body
29
breakdown osteopathy
-pathy + oste/o-
suffix + comb. form
disease + bone
30
periosteum
a structure (membrane) around a bone
31
break down periosteum
-um + peri- + -oste-
suffix + prefix + root
structure + around + bone
32
Podiatrist
practitioner of podiatry
33
Podiatry
the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot
34
define word root pod-
foot
35
Tendon
firbrous band that connects muscle to bone
36
common pertaining to endings:
-ic, -ac, -al, -ary, -ial, -us, -eal, -ar
37
Axial Skeleton
consists of bones going in straight line from skull to coccyx (80 major bones)
38
Cervical
Pertaining to the neck/neck region
39
break down cervical
-al + cervic-
pertaining to + neck
suffix + root
40
clavicle
collarbone (anterior part of pectoral girdle)
41
cranium
the skull - skull in greek
42
define word root crani-
skull
43
Mandible
lower jawbone
44
Maxilla
upper jawbone (contains R + L maxillary sinuses)
45
Occipital
pertaining to the back of the head/skull
46
occiput
the back of the head
47
pectoral
pertaining to the chest
48
break down pectoral
-al + pector-
pertaining to + chest
suffix + root
49
scapula
a shoulder blade
50
scapulae
plural of scapula ; shoulder bladeS
51
spinal cord
a cord of nerves that lies protected within the vertebral canal of the vertebral column
52
Vertebra
one of the bones of the spinal column
53
vertebrae
more than one vertebra
54
intervertebral discs
the space between two vertebrae; a fibrocartilaginous disk found between the vertebrae
55
break down intervertebral
-al + inter- + vertebr-
pertaining to + between + vertebra
56
scoliosis
an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine/vertebral column (s-shaped)
57
Carpal
bones of the wrist
(literally; pertaining to the wrist)
58
carpals
the five bones between the carpus (wrist) and the fingers
59
define prefix meta-
after, subsequent to
60
distal
situated away from the point of attachment (opposite of proximal)
points of limb attachment are the shoulder or the hip and are commonly used as the reference point; however, directional terms are always based on the point of reference. (a tibial injury would be distal to the hip, yet it is proximal if the point of reference is the ankle.)
61
humerus
upper arm bone that extends from the shoulder to the elbow
62
proximal
situated closer or near to
(points of limb attachment are the shoulder or the hip and are commonly used as the reference point; however, directional terms are always based on the point of reference. (a tibial injury would be distal to the hip, yet it is proximal if the point of reference is the ankle.)
63
radius
forearm bone on the thumb side
64
ulna
a bone of the forearm (on the pinky side)
65
femur
thigh bone
66
femoral
pertaining to the femur
67
tarsal
pertaining to the bones that form the ankle
68
tarsus
collection of seven bones in the foot that form the ankle and instep
69
tibia
larger bone of the lower leg
70
tibial
pertaining to the tibia
71
amputation
process of removing a limb, part of a limb, a breast, or other projecting part
72
define word root amput-
to prune, top off
73
biopsy
to view life; process of removing tissue from a living person for laboratory examination
74
brace
appliance to support a part of the body in its correct position
75
chemotherapy
medical treatment using chemicals
76
breakdown chemotherapy
-therapy + chem/o-
suffix + comb. form
medical treatment + chemical
77
cryosurgery
use of liquid nitrogen or argon gas in surgery to freeze and kill abnormal tissue
78
break down cryosurgery
-ery + cry/o- + -surg-
process of + icy cold + operate
suffix + comb. form + root
79
debridement
removal of rubble (injured or dead/necrotic tissue or foreign debris embedded within the tissue)
80
break down debridement
-ment + de- + -bride-
action + removal/out of + rubble/rubbish
suffix + prefix + root
81
diastasis
separation of normally joined parts
82
extension
the action of straightening (increasing angle of a joint)
83
flexion
the action of bending (decreasing the angle of a joint)
84
pronation
process of lying face down or of turning a hand or foot with the volar (palm or sole) surface down
85
prone
lying face down, flat on your stomach/belly side
86
radiology
study of radiation (medical imaging)
87
radiologist
one who studies x-rays; medical specialist in the use, study, and interpreting of x-rays and other imaging techniques
88
radiotherapy
medical treatment using radiation
89
stable
steady, not varying
90
stabilize
to make or hold firm and steady
91
supination
process of lying face upward or of turning a hand or foot so that the palm or sole is facing up
92
supine
lying face up, flat on your back
93
arthrocentesis
aspiration of fluid from a joint (by use of a needle)
94
arthroplasty
surgery to repair, as far as possible, the function of a joint
95
arthroscopy
visual examination of the interior of a joint
96
define the suffix -plasty
reshaping by surgery
97
define suffix -desis
to fuse together
98
define suffix -graphy
process of recording
99
define suffix -scopy
process of using an instrument to examine visually
100
define combining form arthr/o-
joint
101
define suffix -ism
condition
102
avascular
no blood supply (may refer to lack of blood supply caused by trauma)
103
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa;
inflammation of synovial sacs of fluid that surround a joint
104
deformity
a permanent (or temporary) structural deviation from the normal
105
define prefix de-
change of
106
dislocation
bones are completely out of joint/alignment
107
hematoma (contusion)
a bruise
(collection of blood that has escaped from blood vessels into tissue)
108
break down hematoma (contusion)
-oma + hemat-
suffix + root
tumor/mass + blood
109
necrosis
death;
(pathologic death of cells or tissue)
110
define combining form necr/o-
death
111
avascular necrosis
the death of bone tissue when the blood supply is cut off (usually as a result of trauma)
112
osteomalacia
abnormal softening of bone;
(soft, flexible bones lacking in calcium)
113
break down osteomalacia
-malacia (softening) + oste/o- (bone)
infers abnormal softening
suffix + comb. form
114
osteomyelitis
inflammation/infection of bone and bone marrow
115
break down osteomyelitis
-itis + oste/o- + myel-
inflammation and infection + bone- + bone marrow
suffix + comb. form + root
116
osteopenia
deficiency of bone; decreased calcification of bone or low bone density
117
break down osteopenia
-penia + oste/o-
suffix + comb. form
deficient/too few + bone
118
osteoporosis
condition in which the bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile and more likely to fracture
(literally; condition of bone openings/holes)
119
define suffix -sis and -osis
condition
120
define comb. form -por/o-
opening
121
pathologic fracture
fracture that occurs at a site already weakened by a disease process, such as cancer
122
pathologic
pertaining to the study of disease
123
define word root -log-
to study
124
define word comb. form path/o-
disease
125
subluxation
incomplete dislocation
(some contact between the joint surfaces remains)
126
define word root -luxat-
dislocate
127
tendinitis (also tendonitis)
inflammation of a tendon
128
define word root tendin- and cf tendon/o-
tendon
129
closed fracture
a bone is broken, but the skin over it is intact (not broken)
also called: simple fracture
130
open fracture
a fragment of the fractured bone breaks the skin, or a wound extends to the site of the fracture.
also called: compound fracture
131
complete fracture
a bone is broken into at least two separate pieces
132
incomplete fracture
**the fracture does not extend completely across the bone.**
(it can be hairline, as in a stress fracture in the foot, when there is no separation of the two fragments)
133
Spiral fracture
the fracture spirals around the long axis of the bone
(spiral fractures in children is usually a sign of abuse)
134
pathologic fracture
occurs in an area of bone weakened by disease, such as cancer
135
fracture (fx)
fx = fracture
136
compression fracture
occurs in a vertebra from trauma or pathology, **leading to the vertebra being crushed**
137
stress fracture
fatigue fracture caused by repetitive, local stress on a bone, as occurs in marching or running
think david goggins
