CH 8: Respiratory System Flashcards
Define Alveolus
Terminal element of respiratory tract where gas exchange occurs
alveol/o- = air sac
Define Bronchus
One of two subdivisions of the trachea
bronch/o- = bronchus
Bronchi is plural
Define Bronchiole
increasingly smaller subdivisions of bronchi
-ole = small
bronchi/o- = small bronchi
Define Inspiration
Breathe in
-ion = action, condition, process of
in- = into
-spirat- = breathe
opposite of expiration
Define Olfaction
sense of smell
smell in latin
Define Pulse oximeter
Measures rate of pulse and percentage of oxygen in blood.
oxy-, oxi- = oxygen
-meter = measure
Define Pharynx
Muscular tube from the back of the nose to the larynx.
throat in Greek
Define Pharyngeal
Pertaining to the pharynx
Pharyng- = pharynx
pharyng/o- = pharynx
Define Pulmonology
Study of the lung and lung disease; medical specialty of disorders of the lungs
-logy = study of
pulmon- = lung
Define Pulmonary
Pertaining to the lungs
pulmon- = lung
-ary = pertaining to
Define Respiration
fundamental process of life used to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood and intersitial tissues.
-ation = process, formed from
re- = again
-spir- = to breathe
Define Sputum
Matter coughed up and spat out
Define Trachea
Air tube from the larynx to the bronchi
windpipe in Greek
Define Tracheal
Pertaining to the trachea
-al = pertaining to
trache/o- = trachea
Define Decongestant
Agent that reduces the swelling and fluid in the nose and sinuses
-ant = pertaining to
de- = take away, remove
-congest- = accumulation of fluid
Define Epistaxis
nosebleed
-is = pertaining to
epi- = above, upon
-stax- = fall in drops
Define Naris
Nostril in Latin
Define Nares
Nostrils (plural)
Define Nasal
Pertaining to the nose
-al = pertaining to
nas- = nose
Define Rhinitis
Inflammation of the nose (nasal mucosa)
-itis = inflammation
rhin- = nose
also called coryza
Define Septum
Thin wall separating two cavities or tissue masses; divides the nasal cavity in to a right and left compartment
septa (plural), partition in Latin
Define Sinus
Cavity or hollow space in a bone or other tissue
Define Sinusitis
Inflammation of the lining of a sinus (or sinuses)
sinus- = sinus
Define Apnea
Absence of spontaneous respiration
a- = without
-pnea = breathe
Define Hypoxemia
Decreased or low oxygen level in the circulating blood
-emia = condition of the blood
hypo- = below, deficient
-ox- = oxygen
Define Hypoxia
Decrease below normal levels of oxygen in tissues, gases, or blood
-ia = condition
hypo- = below, deficient
-ox- = oxygen
Define Hypoxic
Deficient in oxygen
-ic = pertaining to
hypo- = below, deficient
-ox- = oxygen
Define Oropharynx
Region at the back of the mouth between the soft palate and the tip of the epiglottis
or/o- = mouth
-pharynx = pharynx, throat
Define Oropharyngeal
Pertaining to the oropharynx
-eal = pertaining to
or/o- = mouth
-pharyng- = pharynx, throat
Define comb. form or/o-
mouth
Define Pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
-itis = inflammation
pharyng- = pharynx, throat
Define Croup
Viral infection of the upper airways in children characterized by a barking cough
to cry out loud in Old English
Define Epiglottis
Leaf-shaped plate of cartilage that shuts off the larynx during swallowing
epi- = above
-glottis, -glott- = mouth of windpipe
Define Intubation
Insertion of a tube into the trachea
-ation = a process
in- = in
-tub- = tube
Define Larynx
Organ of voice production; voice box
Define Laryngitis
Inflammation of the Larynx
-itis = inflammation
laryng/o- = larynx
Define Stridor
High-pitched noise made when there is a respiratory obstruction in the larynx or trachea
a harsh, creaking sound in Latin
Define Diaphragm
The major muscle that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities; contracts during inspiration and relaxes during expiration
root/cf is same
Define Lobe
Subdivision of an organ or other part
Define Lobar
Pertaining to a lobe
-ar = pertaining to
lob- = lobe
Define Mediastinum
area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus, and trachea
-um = structure
media- = middle
-stin- = partition
Define Pleura
Membrane covering the lungs and lining the ribs in the thoracic cavity
pleur/o- = pleura
Define Bradypnea
Slow breathing
brady- = slow
-pnea = breathe
Define Cyanosis
Blue discoloration of the skin, lips, and nail beds due to low levels of oxygen in the blood
-osis = condition
cyan- = blue
Define Dyspnea
Difficult breathing (aka SOB - shortness of breath)
dys- = bad, difficult
-pnea = breathe
Define Eupnea
Normal breathing
eu- = normal, good
-pnea = breathe
Define Expectorate
cough up; the act of coughing up
-ate = pertaining to
ex- = out
-pector- = chest
Define Hemoptysis
Bloody sputum
-ptysis = spit
hem/o- = blood
Define Phlegm
Abnormal amounts of mucus expectorated from the respiratory tract
flame in Greek
Define Tachypnea
Fast/rapid breathing (opposite of bradypnea)
tachy- = rapid
-pnea = breathe
Define Asthma
Episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways
Define Auscultation
Diagnostic method of listening to body sounds with a stethoscope
-ation = process
auscult- = listen to
Define Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi
-itis = inflammation
bronch- = bronchus
Define Hypercapnia
Abnormal increase of carbon dioxide in the arterial bloodstream
-ia = condition
hyper- = excessive
-capn- = carbon dioxide
Define Viscous
sticky fluid that is resistant to flow
-ous = pertaining to
viscos- = viscous, sticky
Define Aspiration
Removal by suction of a fluid or gas from a body cavity; inhalation of liquids into the lungs
-ion = process
aspirat- = to breathe on
Define Atelectasis
collapse of part of a lung
-ectasis = dilation (widening)
atel- = incomplete
Define Hemothorax
Blood in the chest/pleural cavity
hem/o- = blood
-thorax = chest
Define Pneumonia
Acute infection affecting the alveoli and lung parenchyma (tissue)
-ia = condition
pneumon- = lung, air
Define Pneumothorax
Air in the pleural cavity/space
pneum/o- = air, lung
-thorax = chest
Define Thoracentesis
Insertion of a needle into the pleural cavity to withdraw fluid or air (same as pleural tap)
-centesis = to puncture
thora- = chest
Define Bronchoscopy
Examination of the interior of the tracheobronchial tree with an endoscope
**-scopy = to examine, view
bronch/o- = bronchus
aka to examine the bronchus with an endoscope**
Define Bronchoscope
Endoscope used for bronchoscopy
Define Endoscope
A scope used for internal examination of body structures
-scope = instrument for viewing
endo- = inside
Define Endotracheal
Pertaining to inside the trachea
-al = pertaining to
endo- = inside
-trache- = trachea
Define Spirometer
An instrument used to measure respiratory volumes
-meter = measure
spir/o- = to breathe
-metry = process of measuring
Define Transthoracic
Going across/through the chest wall
-ic = pertaining to
trans- = across
-thorac- = chest
Define Bronchodilator
Agent that increases the diameter or opening of a bronchus
-or = one who does, that which does something
bronch/o- = bronchus
-dilat- = expand, open up
Define Cannula
Tube inserted into a blood vessel or cavity as a channel for fluid or gas
Define Mucus
Slimy discharge from mucous membranes
muc/o- = mucus
Define Mucous
Pertaining to mucus
-ous = pertaining to
muc/o- = mucus
Define Mucolytic
Agent capable of dissolving, breaking up, or liquefying mucus
-ic = pertaining to
muc/o- = mucus
-lyt- = dissolve
Define Nebulizer
Device used to deliver liquid medicine in a fine mist
-izer = line of action, affects in a particular way
nebul- = ceploud (or maybe cloud)
Define Pneumonectomy
Surgical removal of a lung
-ectomy = surgical excision (removal)
pneumon- = lung, air
Define Tracheostomy
Surgical opening (hole) into the windpipe to assist breathing
-stomy = new opening
trache/o- = trachea
Define Ventilation
Movement of gases into and out of the lungs
-ation = a process
ventil- = wind
What prefixes tell you it relates to the lung?
pneumon- = lung, air
pneum/o- = air, lung
pulmon/o- = lung
