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A&P 150 > Ch 9: Continued > Flashcards

Ch 9: Continued Flashcards

1
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Skeletal muscle cells cytoplasm

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2
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Muscle cell membrane

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3
Q

Transverse tubule

A

Invagination of sarcolemma

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4
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Modified ER system of skeletal muscle cell that stores and releases calcium

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5
Q

Terminal cisternae

A

Enlarge terminal segments of the Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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6
Q

What is the depolarization phase caused by?

A

Sodium channels open (influx)
- k+ channels close

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7
Q

What is the re-polarization phase caused by? 

A

Potassium channels open (efflux)
- sodium channels closed 

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8
Q

What are the three channels of a muscle fiber

A

Sodium channel, potassium, channel, sodium, and potassium pump (ATP)

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9
Q

What is an influx?

A

Moving substance from outside to inside 

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10
Q

What is the dip called on the graph? 

A

Hyper polarization

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11
Q

What is hyper polarization caused by?

A

Slow, closing of potassium channel

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12
Q

Ligand gated channel 

A

Neuro transmitter used in muscle contraction also called acetylocholine

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13
Q

Voltage gated channel

A

Open/close in response to small voltage change across the plasma membrane

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14
Q

Can a NMJ be a synapse

A

Yes 

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15
Q

Presynaptic membrane

A

Membrane before synapse
(nerve)

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16
Q

Postsynaptic membrane

A

 Membrane after synapse
-muscle cell

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17
Q

Motor unit

A

Single motor neuron, and all muscle fibers innervated

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18
Q

Large motor unit numbers

A

Mini muscle fibers

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19
Q

Small motor unit numbers

A

Few muscle fibers 

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20
Q

Order of muscle contraction steps

A
  1. Action potential simulates
  2. AP cause voltage gated calcium channel to open.
  3. Acetylcholine Is released from presynaptic vesicles. 
  4. Acetylcholine stimulates sodium channels on postsynaptic to open.
  5. Sodium diffuses into fiber, initiating action potential to travel to T tubules and sarcolemma
  6. Action potential energy tubules, cause Sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium
  7. On Acton, calcium, binds to troponin, and moves triple myosin, and myosin to move.
  8. ATP molecules are broken by ADP & P to release energy to move myosin heads.
  9. Heads of myosin, mytolam bend causing act into slide past myosin, as long as calcium is present the circle repeats
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21
Q

What is the triad composed of?

A

Terminal cistetnae and t-tubule

22
Q

Phases of muscle contraction

A
  • Lag/ latent
  • contraction
  • relaxation
23
Q

Lag/ latent phase

A

Action potential sweeps Across sarcolema and Sarco plasmic reticulum to release store, calcium, and cross bridge

24
Q

Contraction phase

A

15 millisecond and power stroke

25
Q

Relaxation phase

A

25 millisecond, calcium levels is falling and decreased number of cross bridge

26
Q

“ all or none” term

A

Muscle contracts or doesn’t 

27
Q

Threshold

A

Stimulus to produce a response
(weak stimulus)

28
Q

Twitch term

A

Rapid contraction and relaxation 

29
Q

Telanus

A

Muscle remains contracted 

30
Q

Rigor mortus

A

No, ATP is available, so no release of cross bridges for relaxation 

31
Q

Isotonic

A

Muscle contracts
(shortens)

32
Q

Isometric

A

No contraction
-no change in life
*E.C

33
Q

What is Creatine phosphate energy source?

A

Creatine phosphate
(10 sec)

34
Q

What is Anaerobic respiration energy source?

A

Glucose
-Up to three minutes
- -O2

35
Q

What is aerobic, respiration, energy source?

A

Glucose, fatty acids, amino acids
-up to hours
- +O2

36
Q

What is Glycolysis?

A

Splitting glucose (6 carbons) into two molecules (3 carbons each)

37
Q

How does effects of activity or lack of affect muscles?

A

Change in size of muscle fibers
-Getting more fit or getting fat

38
Q

Hyptertrophy

A

Increase in muscle size

39
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in muscle size

40
Q

What type of twitch with a sprinter have?

A

Fast twitch
( they would get tired faster)

41
Q

What type of twitch with a marathon have?

A

Slow twitch
(more endurance)

42
Q

What type of muscle fatigue’s are there?

A

Psychological
Muscular
Synaptic

43
Q

Psychological muscle fatigue

A

Mental state

44
Q

Muscular fatigue

A

ATP depletion

45
Q

Synaptic muscle fatigue

A

Lack of acetylcholine and occurs in the NMJ

46
Q

Characteristics of smooth muscle

A

-Lack of striation (involuntary control)
-Avioli (similar to T tubules of striated muscle)
- Act to store calcium
Calcium binds to calmadulin

47
Q

Myosin phosphatase

A

Enzyme causes smooth muscle cell relaxation

48
Q

Dense body

A

Non-contractile intermediate filaments
* doesn’t have all or none property*
And has pacemaker cells

49
Q

Transmitter regulation

A

Ligon, neurotransmitters are acetylcholine and NE
-use Epinephrine , norepinephrine, and oxytocin

50
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Striated and has one nucleus (involuntary)
- Calcium regulates contraction
- Longer duration, and re-factory period

51
Q

How does Powerstroke occur?

A

From cross bridge

A&P 150 (26 decks)

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