Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P 150 > Ch 9: Continued > Flashcards

Ch 9: Continued Flashcards

1
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Skeletal muscle cells cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Muscle cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transverse tubule

A

Invagination of sarcolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Modified ER system of skeletal muscle cell that stores and releases calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Terminal cisternae

A

Enlarge terminal segments of the Sarcoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the depolarization phase caused by?

A

Sodium channels open (influx)
- k+ channels close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the re-polarization phase caused by? 

A

Potassium channels open (efflux)
- sodium channels closed 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three channels of a muscle fiber

A

Sodium channel, potassium, channel, sodium, and potassium pump (ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an influx?

A

Moving substance from outside to inside 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the dip called on the graph? 

A

Hyper polarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is hyper polarization caused by?

A

Slow, closing of potassium channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ligand gated channel 

A

Neuro transmitter used in muscle contraction also called acetylocholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Voltage gated channel

A

Open/close in response to small voltage change across the plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Can a NMJ be a synapse

A

Yes 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Presynaptic membrane

A

Membrane before synapse
(nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Postsynaptic membrane

A

 Membrane after synapse
-muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Motor unit

A

Single motor neuron, and all muscle fibers innervated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Large motor unit numbers

A

Mini muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Small motor unit numbers

A

Few muscle fibers 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Order of muscle contraction steps

A
  1. Action potential simulates
  2. AP cause voltage gated calcium channel to open.
  3. Acetylcholine Is released from presynaptic vesicles. 
  4. Acetylcholine stimulates sodium channels on postsynaptic to open.
  5. Sodium diffuses into fiber, initiating action potential to travel to T tubules and sarcolemma
  6. Action potential energy tubules, cause Sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium
  7. On Acton, calcium, binds to troponin, and moves triple myosin, and myosin to move.
  8. ATP molecules are broken by ADP & P to release energy to move myosin heads.
  9. Heads of myosin, mytolam bend causing act into slide past myosin, as long as calcium is present the circle repeats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the triad composed of?

A

Terminal cistetnae and t-tubule

22
Q

Phases of muscle contraction

A
  • Lag/ latent
  • contraction
  • relaxation
23
Q

Lag/ latent phase

A

Action potential sweeps Across sarcolema and Sarco plasmic reticulum to release store, calcium, and cross bridge

24
Q

Contraction phase

A

15 millisecond and power stroke

25
Relaxation phase
25 millisecond, calcium levels is falling and decreased number of cross bridge
26
“ all or none” term
Muscle contracts or doesn’t 
27
Threshold
Stimulus to produce a response (weak stimulus)
28
Twitch term
Rapid contraction and relaxation 
29
Telanus
Muscle remains contracted 
30
Rigor mortus
No, ATP is available, so no release of cross bridges for relaxation 
31
Isotonic
Muscle contracts (shortens)
32
Isometric
No contraction -no change in life *E.C
33
What is Creatine phosphate energy source?
Creatine phosphate (10 sec)
34
What is Anaerobic respiration energy source?
Glucose -Up to three minutes - -O2
35
What is aerobic, respiration, energy source?
Glucose, fatty acids, amino acids -up to hours - +O2
36
What is Glycolysis?
Splitting glucose (6 carbons) into two molecules (3 carbons each)
37
How does effects of activity or lack of affect muscles?
Change in size of muscle fibers -Getting more fit or getting fat
38
Hyptertrophy
Increase in muscle size
39
Atrophy
Decrease in muscle size
40
What type of twitch with a sprinter have?
Fast twitch ( they would get tired faster)
41
What type of twitch with a marathon have?
Slow twitch (more endurance)
42
What type of muscle fatigue’s are there?
Psychological Muscular Synaptic
43
Psychological muscle fatigue
Mental state
44
Muscular fatigue
ATP depletion
45
Synaptic muscle fatigue
Lack of acetylcholine and occurs in the NMJ
46
Characteristics of smooth muscle
-Lack of striation (involuntary control) *-Avioli (similar to T tubules of striated muscle)* - Act to store calcium Calcium binds to calmadulin
47
Myosin phosphatase
Enzyme causes smooth muscle cell relaxation
48
Dense body
Non-contractile intermediate filaments * doesn’t have all or none property* And has pacemaker cells
49
Transmitter regulation
Ligon, neurotransmitters are acetylcholine and NE -use Epinephrine , norepinephrine, and oxytocin
50
Cardiac muscle
Striated and has one nucleus (involuntary) - Calcium regulates contraction - Longer duration, and re-factory period
51
How does Powerstroke occur?
From cross bridge

A&P 150 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions