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A&P 150 > Ch 12: Spinal Cords & Nerves > Flashcards

Ch 12: Spinal Cords & Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal cord

A

-Starts below Foramen magnum

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2
Q

Cervical region

A

Cervical enlargement to extend an upper extremities
-8 CSN

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3
Q

Lumbar segment

A

Ends as adult between lumbar 1 & Lumbar 2
- 5 CSN

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4
Q

Conus medullaris

A

L 1 and L 2 form cone shape 
- 5 sacral

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5
Q

Filum terminale

A

Anchors spinal cord to coccyx

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6
Q

Cauda equina

A

Bundle of nerves extended to lower extremities 

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7
Q

Lumbosacral enlargent

A

Form nerve plexus for lower extremities

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8
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

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9
Q

Dura matter

A

Tough outer layer of spinal cord

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10
Q

Arachnoid matter

A

Thin, wispy layer

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11
Q

Pia matter

A

Delicate layer

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12
Q

Connective tissue

A

Membrane surrounding spinal cord and brain

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13
Q

Central canal

A

Contain cerebrospinal fluid

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14
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

CSF

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15
Q

White matter (peripheral)

A

Myelinated axon

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16
Q

Gray matter (central aspect)

A

-Neuron, cell bodies
-Dendrite
-Unmyelinated axons

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17
Q

2 parts on horns

A
  • posterior: receive afferent fibers
  • anterior: project efferent fibers
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18
Q

White matter characteristics

A

-dorsal colum
-Lateral and ventral column

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19
Q

Grey matter characteristics

A

-dorsal gray hor
-Lateral grey horn (thoracic region)
-ventral horn

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20
Q

Spinal nerves traveling

A

Spinal cord —> dorsal horn (root)
(Afferent neuron)

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21
Q

Ventral roots traveling

A

Ventral roots—> away from spinal cord
(Motor &multipolar neuron)

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22
Q

Neurons traveling to spinal cord

A

Sensory receptor —> spinal cord
(Cell body& dorsal (Sens neuron)
Root)

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23
Q

Can spinal nerves carry both sensory and motor neurons

A

Yes

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24
Q

Neuro muscular process

A

Ant grey horn—>ventral root—>somatic
(Multipolar). (Parasympathetic)

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25
Q

Neuron to autonomic

A

Lateral horn—> ventral root—>autonom
(Cell body). (Sympathetic)

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26
Q

Reflexes

A
  1. Sensory receptor.
  2. Sensory neuron.
  3. Interneuron.
  4. Motor neuron.
  5. Effector organs, skeletal muscle And contracts.
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27
Q

What reflects contains two neurons?

A

Simple reflects/knee-jerk reflex

28
Q

What are three motor neurons?

A

Dorsal root, interneuron, ventral root

29
Q

Monosynaptic

A

One synopsis and two neurons

30
Q

Polysynapse

A

One synapse, more than one neuron

31
Q

Different types of reflexes

A

-Stretch reflex (knee-jerk)
-Golgi tendon reflex (prevent injury)
-Withdraw reflex

32
Q

Postsynaptic refleX

A

Three neurons between sensory and interneuron
- Also between interneuron and motor neuron

33
Q

Stretch reflex

A

Monosynaptic Knee-jerk reflex

34
Q

Golgi tendon reflex

A

Weight lifter, all of a sudden dropping weight on ground

35
Q

Withdrawal reflex

A

While seated or standing

36
Q

Withdrawal reflex process

A
  1. Sensory receptors.
  2. Receptor to spinal cord.
  3. Cord to three parts of brain.
  4. Then to parietal lobe.
  5. Back to spinal cord with alpha motor neuron.
  6. Neuron sent to muscles to withdraw off limb from painful stimulus.
37
Q

Does the leg contract first then relax for painful stimulus

38
Q

Muscle reflects from painful stimulus

A

Relaxation of quadriceps femoris will counter act with contraction of hamstring muscle

39
Q

Standing position of painful stimulus
For leg that supports body

A

Muscle in contraction

40
Q

Standing position of painful stimulus for affected leg

A

Contract and relax

41
Q

Spinal nerve

A

Contains both motor and sensory structures classifications

42
Q

Sensory nerve

A

Pseudo unipolar

43
Q

Motor neuron

A

Multipolar neuron

44
Q

Endoneurium

A

Surrounds individual neurons

45
Q

Perineurium

A

Surrounds axon to form fascicles

46
Q

Epineurium

A

Surrounds the entire nerve

47
Q

How many pairs are in Spinal nerves and cervical region

A

Eight pairs

48
Q

How many Spinal nerves are in thoracic region

49
Q

How many Spinal nerves are in lumbar region

A

Five pairs

50
Q

Spinal nerves in sacral region

A

Five pairs

51
Q

Spinal nerves in coccygeal region

52
Q

What pair exits the vertebral column for the spinal nerves

A

The first pair between skull and atlas

53
Q

Cervical plexus

54
Q

Brachial plexus

55
Q

Lumbar plexus

56
Q

Sacral plexus

57
Q

Coccygeal plexus

A

S5 and coccygeal nerve

58
Q

Is there a thoracic region in the ventral rami?

A

No thoracic region is in the sympathetic nervous system

59
Q

Sympathetic chain

A
  1. Splanchnic nerve with postganglionic neuron innervate an organ.
  2. Ascend to sympathetic ganglion (pre-and post ganglion).
  3. Synapse with postganglionic neuron and exits, the gray communicans
60
Q

Sympathetic chain function

A

To increase heart rate, blood flow, cardiac output

61
Q

 Dermatome map

A

Skin are with sensory innervation by spinal nerves

62
Q

Innervates of cervical plexus

A

Superficial neck structures
C1-C4

63
Q

Ansa cervicalis

A

Loop between C1-C3

64
Q

Phrenic nerve of cervical plexus

A

Innervate diaphragm to keep body alive
- C3-C5

65
Q

Posterior chords

A

-Axillary (C5-C6)
-Radial nerve (C5-T1)

66
Q

Lateral cord

A

Musculocutaneous nerve
(has half median nerve)

A&P 150 (26 decks)

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