Ch 2: The Chemical Basic Of Life

Question 1

If a chemical reaction deals with water what are we looking for?

Answer 1

Polar covalent or hydrogen bonds

Question 2

What is decomp; catabolism?

Answer 2

Chemical bonds are broken during chemical reactions

Question 3

What are synthesis; anabolism ?

Answer 3

Two or more reactants chemically combine to form new and larger products

Question 4

What is dehydration in synthesis reactions?

Answer 4

Synthetic reaction where water is a product

Question 5

What is an Enzyme?

Answer 5

Biological catalyst to speed up chemical reactions into lower activity energy in
reactions
- not consumed in final product!!!

Question 6

What is the human physiological pH?

Answer 6

7.35-7.45

Question 7

What is acidosis?

Answer 7

Less than 7.35

Question 8

What is alkalosis?

Answer 8

Greater than 7.45

Question 9

On a linear pH scale, what are the increments?

Answer 9

10x

Question 10

Is saturated or unsaturated fats healthier for humans?

Answer 10

Unsaturated fats

Question 11

What are steroids

Answer 11

Four ring structure that’s fused

- either human made steroid (testosterone) or stimulant 

Question 12

Any double bond line structure what is the bend called?

Answer 12

Kink

Question 13

What are amino acids?

Answer 13

Building blocks of protein

Question 14

What is primary structure?

Answer 14

Linear sequence of amino acid

(Beads on a string)

Question 15

What is secondary structure?

Answer 15

Hydrogen bonding (sheet or helix)

Question 16

What is tertiary structure of proteins?

Answer 16

Interaction with polypeptides

Three dimensional folding pattern

Question 17

What is quaternary structure of proteins?

Answer 17

Protein structure consisting of more than one amino acid chain

Question 18

What is transcription?

Answer 18

DNA—> RNA

Making RNA out of DNA

Question 19

What is translation?

Answer 19

RNA—> proteins

Question 20

What is replication?

Answer 20

DNA —> DNA

Question 21

What is nucleotides?

Answer 21

Five carbon sugar, nitrogenous base and phosphate

Question 22

What is DNA?

Answer 22

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

Question 23

What is RNA?

Answer 23

Ribose nucleic acid

Question 24

What is Phosphate group?

Answer 24

Base with nitrogen

Question 25

What is single base rings?

Answer 25

Pyrimidines

Question 26

What is double bass rings?

Answer 26

Purines

Question 27

What are the nucleic acids are in purines?

Answer 27

- guanine and adenine | 2 rings

Question 28

What nucleic acids are in pyrimidines?

Answer 28

- Cytosine, (DNA & RNA) - thymine, (DNA only) - uracil, (RNA only)

Question 29

What new cliic acid is not in DNA?

Answer 29

Uracil

Question 30

What nucleic acid is not found in RNA?

Answer 30

Thymine

Question 31

Nitrogen bases (DNA)

Answer 31

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 32

RNA bases

Answer 32

Cytosine, guanine, uracil, adenine

Question 33

What are the four macromolecules and its subunits?

Answer 33

- proteins: amino acids - nucleic acid: nucleotides - carbohydrates: monosaccharides - lipids: triglycerides