Ch 6: Skeletal System

Question 1

Movement

Answer 1

Muscle and bones

Question 2

Storage

Answer 2

Calcium, phosphorus and lipids

Question 3

Red bone marrow

Answer 3

RBC, WBC, platelets

Question 4

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 4

Lipids

Question 5

Components of bones

Answer 5

Compact and spongy

Question 6

Component of cartilage

Answer 6

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage

Question 7

Component of tendons

Answer 7

Attachment of muscle to bone

Question 8

Component of Ligament

Answer 8

Attachment of bone to bone

Question 9

Chondroblasts in cartilage

Answer 9

Form matrix; are lacunae

Question 10

Chondrocytes in cartilage

Answer 10

Surround and maintain matrix

Question 11

Articular cartilage

Answer 11

A type of hyaline cartilage
- covers bones at joints

Question 12

Apporsitional growth

Answer 12

New condo, sides, and new matrix
-Width growth

Question 13

Interstitial growth

Answer 13

Chondrocytes within the tissues, divide and add more between cells
-Length growth

Question 14

How many types of Ossification

Answer 14

2 types

Question 15

What are the two types of Osteogenesis

Answer 15

-Endochondrial ossification
- intermembranous ossification

Question 16

Endochondral ossification

Answer 16

Cartilage to bones

Question 17

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 17

Membrane to bone

Question 18

What type of ossification forms the long bones, upper and lower extremities

Answer 18

Endochondral ossification

Question 19

What type of ossification is the soft spot on the skull of a newborn?

Answer 19

Intramembranous ossification

Question 20

What are immature cells and will function to lay down new bone matrix

Answer 20

Osteoblasts

Question 21

Function of osteoclasts

Answer 21

resorption of bone
- parathyroid hormone produced to release enzymes that digest bones

Question 22

What type of bone cell is cartilage and lacunae

Answer 22

Chondrocyte

Question 23

What type of bone cell is bone with lacunae

Answer 23

Osteocyte

Question 24

What involves bone remodeling?

Answer 24

Osteoblast and osteoclast

Question 25

Woven bone

Answer 25

Collagen, fibers randomly oriented

Question 26

When is woven bone formed?

Answer 26

-fetal development -Fracture repair

Question 27

Lamellar bone

Answer 27

mature, bone in sheets (lamellae) - each layer oriented in one direction

Question 28

What happens during bone Remodeling

Answer 28

Removing (osteoclasts) old bone in adding (osteoblast) new bone -Woven bone is remodeled into lamellar bone 

Question 29

Names for spongy bone

Answer 29

Trabecular or cancellus

Question 30

Trabeculae

Answer 30

Interconnecting rods or plates of bones - -space filled with marrow -Covered with endosteum -oriented along stress lines, 

Question 31

Central canal and compact bone

Answer 31

Found with blood vessels

Question 32

How many classifications are there for tissues?

Answer 32

2 types

Question 33

How many classifications are there for structure?

Answer 33

4 types

Question 34

Structural classification

Answer 34

* long: upper/lower limbs, fingers* Short: carpals and tarsals Flat: ribs, sternum, skull, scapulae Irregular: vertebrae, facial, spheniod bone

Question 35

Epiphysis

Answer 35

Two ends on long bone - proximal: close to midline - distal: away from midline

Question 36

Diaphysis

Answer 36

Shaft of long bone

Question 37

Epiphyseal growth plate

Answer 37

Where a persons young and is still growing

Question 38

Epiphyseal line

Answer 38

Growth plate closes

Question 39

Medullary cavity

Answer 39

Hollow part of diaphysis

Question 40

Periosteum

Answer 40

Outer lining of diaphysis

Question 41

Endosteum

Answer 41

Lining of medullary cavity

Question 42

Structure of flat bones 

Answer 42

No diaphysis or epiphysis

Question 43

Structure of short bones

Answer 43

No diaphysis and not elongated

Question 44

 Two methods of bone formation

Answer 44

Endochondral and intramembranous ossification

Question 45

Fontanels

Answer 45

Large membrane covered spaces between developing skulls

Question 46

Primary system in the long bone

Answer 46

In the diaphysis

Question 47

Secondary center of the long bone

Answer 47

Epiphysis -Proximal and distal

Question 48

What is the factors of bone growth

Answer 48

Genetics, vitamin D&C and hormones

Question 49

Hormones for bone growth

Answer 49

Thyroid hormone - estrogen and testosterone

Question 50

Bone fractures

Answer 50

Open: bone break with open wound Closed: skin not perforated Incomplete: doesn’t extend across the bone Complete: extends across the bone

Question 51

Comminuted bone fracture

Answer 51

Complete break into more than two pieces

Question 52

Bone repair of hematoma formation

Answer 52

Mass of blood released from blood vessels within organ and clotforms

Question 53

Bone repair of callus formation

Answer 53

Mass of tissue forms between ends of bones and external callous forms a collar around the brake 

Question 54

Bone repair of callus ossification

Answer 54

Woven spongy bone repairs, the internal and external calluses

Question 55

Bone repair of bone remodeling

Answer 55

Compact replaces woven, and internal callus is removed, restoring the medullary cavity

Question 56

What forms and hematoma formation

Answer 56

Mitosis 

Question 57

What is the order of bone repair? 

Answer 57

1.Hematoma formation 2.callus formation 3.callus ossification 4.bone remodeling

Question 58

What is a major storage site for calcium?

Answer 58

Bones 

Question 59

What is removed from blood by osteoblasts

Answer 59

Calcium

Question 60

Hypocalcemia

Answer 60

Below regular levels of blood

Question 61

Hypercalcemia 

Answer 61

Above regular levels of blood calcium

Question 62

What promotes osteoclastic activity that inhibits calcium release?

Answer 62

Thyroid and PTH