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A&P 150 > Ch 6: Skeletal System > Flashcards

Ch 6: Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Movement

A

Muscle and bones

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2
Q

Storage

A

Calcium, phosphorus and lipids

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3
Q

Red bone marrow

A

RBC, WBC, platelets

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4
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Lipids

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5
Q

Components of bones

A

Compact and spongy

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6
Q

Component of cartilage

A

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage

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7
Q

Component of tendons

A

Attachment of muscle to bone

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8
Q

Component of Ligament

A

Attachment of bone to bone

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9
Q

Chondroblasts in cartilage

A

Form matrix; are lacunae

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10
Q

Chondrocytes in cartilage

A

Surround and maintain matrix

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11
Q

Articular cartilage

A

A type of hyaline cartilage
- covers bones at joints

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12
Q

Apporsitional growth

A

New condo, sides, and new matrix
-Width growth

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13
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Chondrocytes within the tissues, divide and add more between cells
-Length growth

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14
Q

How many types of Ossification

A

2 types

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15
Q

What are the two types of Osteogenesis

A

-Endochondrial ossification
- intermembranous ossification

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16
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Cartilage to bones

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17
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Membrane to bone

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18
Q

What type of ossification forms the long bones, upper and lower extremities

A

Endochondral ossification

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19
Q

What type of ossification is the soft spot on the skull of a newborn?

A

Intramembranous ossification

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20
Q

What are immature cells and will function to lay down new bone matrix

A

Osteoblasts

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21
Q

Function of osteoclasts

A

resorption of bone
- parathyroid hormone produced to release enzymes that digest bones

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22
Q

What type of bone cell is cartilage and lacunae

A

Chondrocyte

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23
Q

What type of bone cell is bone with lacunae

A

Osteocyte

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24
Q

What involves bone remodeling?

A

Osteoblast and osteoclast

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25
Q

Woven bone

A

Collagen, fibers randomly oriented

26
Q

When is woven bone formed?

A

-fetal development
-Fracture repair

27
Q

Lamellar bone

A

mature, bone in sheets (lamellae)
- each layer oriented in one direction

28
Q

What happens during bone Remodeling

A

Removing (osteoclasts) old bone in adding (osteoblast) new bone
-Woven bone is remodeled into lamellar bone 

29
Q

Names for spongy bone

A

Trabecular or cancellus

30
Q

Trabeculae

A

Interconnecting rods or plates of bones - -space filled with marrow
-Covered with endosteum
-oriented along stress lines, 

31
Q

Central canal and compact bone

A

Found with blood vessels

32
Q

How many classifications are there for tissues?

A

2 types

33
Q

How many classifications are there for structure?

A

4 types

34
Q

Structural classification

A
  • long: upper/lower limbs, fingers*
    Short: carpals and tarsals
    Flat: ribs, sternum, skull, scapulae
    Irregular: vertebrae, facial, spheniod bone
35
Q

Epiphysis

A

Two ends on long bone
- proximal: close to midline
- distal: away from midline

36
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of long bone

37
Q

Epiphyseal growth plate

A

Where a persons young and is still growing

38
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

Growth plate closes

39
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Hollow part of diaphysis

40
Q

Periosteum

A

Outer lining of diaphysis

41
Q

Endosteum

A

Lining of medullary cavity

42
Q

Structure of flat bones 

A

No diaphysis or epiphysis

43
Q

Structure of short bones

A

No diaphysis and not elongated

44
Q

 Two methods of bone formation

A

Endochondral and intramembranous ossification

45
Q

Fontanels

A

Large membrane covered spaces between developing skulls

46
Q

Primary system in the long bone

A

In the diaphysis

47
Q

Secondary center of the long bone

A

Epiphysis
-Proximal and distal

48
Q

What is the factors of bone growth

A

Genetics, vitamin D&C and hormones

49
Q

Hormones for bone growth

A

Thyroid hormone
- estrogen and testosterone

50
Q

Bone fractures

A

Open: bone break with open wound
Closed: skin not perforated
Incomplete: doesn’t extend across the bone
Complete: extends across the bone

51
Q

Comminuted bone fracture

A

Complete break into more than two pieces

52
Q

Bone repair of hematoma formation

A

Mass of blood released from blood vessels within organ and clotforms

53
Q

Bone repair of callus formation

A

Mass of tissue forms between ends of bones and external callous forms a collar around the brake 

54
Q

Bone repair of callus ossification

A

Woven spongy bone repairs, the internal and external calluses

55
Q

Bone repair of bone remodeling

A

Compact replaces woven, and internal callus is removed, restoring the medullary cavity

56
Q

What forms and hematoma formation

A

Mitosis 

57
Q

What is the order of bone repair? 

A

1.Hematoma formation
2.callus formation
3.callus ossification
4.bone remodeling

58
Q

What is a major storage site for calcium?

A

Bones 

59
Q

What is removed from blood by osteoblasts

A

Calcium

60
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Below regular levels of blood

61
Q

Hypercalcemia 

A

Above regular levels of blood calcium

62
Q

What promotes osteoclastic activity that inhibits calcium release?

A

Thyroid and PTH

A&P 150 (26 decks)

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