Ch 6: Skeletal System Flashcards
Movement
Muscle and bones
Storage
Calcium, phosphorus and lipids
Red bone marrow
RBC, WBC, platelets
Yellow bone marrow
Lipids
Components of bones
Compact and spongy
Component of cartilage
Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage
Component of tendons
Attachment of muscle to bone
Component of Ligament
Attachment of bone to bone
Chondroblasts in cartilage
Form matrix; are lacunae
Chondrocytes in cartilage
Surround and maintain matrix
Articular cartilage
A type of hyaline cartilage
- covers bones at joints
Apporsitional growth
New condo, sides, and new matrix
-Width growth
Interstitial growth
Chondrocytes within the tissues, divide and add more between cells
-Length growth
How many types of Ossification
2 types
What are the two types of Osteogenesis
-Endochondrial ossification
- intermembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification
Cartilage to bones
Intramembranous ossification
Membrane to bone
What type of ossification forms the long bones, upper and lower extremities
Endochondral ossification
What type of ossification is the soft spot on the skull of a newborn?
Intramembranous ossification
What are immature cells and will function to lay down new bone matrix
Osteoblasts
Function of osteoclasts
resorption of bone
- parathyroid hormone produced to release enzymes that digest bones
What type of bone cell is cartilage and lacunae
Chondrocyte
What type of bone cell is bone with lacunae
Osteocyte
What involves bone remodeling?
Osteoblast and osteoclast
Woven bone
Collagen, fibers randomly oriented
When is woven bone formed?
-fetal development
-Fracture repair
Lamellar bone
mature, bone in sheets (lamellae)
- each layer oriented in one direction
What happens during bone Remodeling
Removing (osteoclasts) old bone in adding (osteoblast) new bone
-Woven bone is remodeled into lamellar bone 
Names for spongy bone
Trabecular or cancellus
Trabeculae
Interconnecting rods or plates of bones - -space filled with marrow
-Covered with endosteum
-oriented along stress lines, 
Central canal and compact bone
Found with blood vessels
How many classifications are there for tissues?
2 types
How many classifications are there for structure?
4 types
Structural classification
- long: upper/lower limbs, fingers*
Short: carpals and tarsals
Flat: ribs, sternum, skull, scapulae
Irregular: vertebrae, facial, spheniod bone
Epiphysis
Two ends on long bone
- proximal: close to midline
- distal: away from midline
Diaphysis
Shaft of long bone
Epiphyseal growth plate
Where a persons young and is still growing
Epiphyseal line
Growth plate closes
Medullary cavity
Hollow part of diaphysis
Periosteum
Outer lining of diaphysis
Endosteum
Lining of medullary cavity
Structure of flat bones 
No diaphysis or epiphysis
Structure of short bones
No diaphysis and not elongated
 Two methods of bone formation
Endochondral and intramembranous ossification
Fontanels
Large membrane covered spaces between developing skulls
Primary system in the long bone
In the diaphysis
Secondary center of the long bone
Epiphysis
-Proximal and distal
What is the factors of bone growth
Genetics, vitamin D&C and hormones
Hormones for bone growth
Thyroid hormone
- estrogen and testosterone
Bone fractures
Open: bone break with open wound
Closed: skin not perforated
Incomplete: doesn’t extend across the bone
Complete: extends across the bone
Comminuted bone fracture
Complete break into more than two pieces
Bone repair of hematoma formation
Mass of blood released from blood vessels within organ and clotforms
Bone repair of callus formation
Mass of tissue forms between ends of bones and external callous forms a collar around the brake 
Bone repair of callus ossification
Woven spongy bone repairs, the internal and external calluses
Bone repair of bone remodeling
Compact replaces woven, and internal callus is removed, restoring the medullary cavity
What forms and hematoma formation
Mitosis 
What is the order of bone repair? 
1.Hematoma formation
2.callus formation
3.callus ossification
4.bone remodeling
What is a major storage site for calcium?
Bones 
What is removed from blood by osteoblasts
Calcium
Hypocalcemia
Below regular levels of blood
Hypercalcemia 
Above regular levels of blood calcium
What promotes osteoclastic activity that inhibits calcium release?
Thyroid and PTH
