ch 9 - basics of nutrition

Question 1

what term refers to carbohydrates that contain three or more simple carbohydrates molecules

a. polysaccharides
b. monosaccharides
c. mucopolysaccharides
d. disaccharides

Answer 1

polysaccharides

Question 2

what term refers to carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are also good water binders

a. disaccharides
b. mucopolysaccharides
c. monosaccharides
d. polysaccharides

Answer 2

mucopolysaccharides

Question 3

how are nonessential amino acids different from other amino acids

a. they are toxic to the human body
b. they cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from diet
c. they can be synthesized by the body and need not be obtained from diet
d. they are not among the 20 “common” amino acids

Answer 3

they can be synthesized by the body and need not be obtained from diet

Question 4

what is another name for alpha-linoleic acid, a type of “good” polyunsaturated fat that may decrease cardiovascular diseases

a. omega-3 fatty acids
b. alpha-3 fatty acids
c. omega-6 fatty acids
d. alpha-6 fatty acids

Answer 4

omega-3 fatty acids

Question 5

what is the term for a thinning of the bones caused by the reabsoprtion of calcium into the bones

a. osteology
b. osteoporosis
c. osteohydrosis
d. osteoculosis

Answer 5

osteoporosis

Question 6

what are proteins

a. inorganic materials
b. macronutrients used to produce energy
c. chains of amino acid molecules
d. compounds that break down the basic chemical sugars

Answer 6

chains of amino acid molecules

Question 7

what is the commercial name for the vitamin-A derivative retinoic acid

a. Proactiv
b. Retin-A
c. Retino
d. Botox

Answer 7

Retin-A

Question 8

what is the vitamin from which tretinoin (used for collagen synthesis, hyperpigmentation, and acne) is derived

a. vitamin A
b. vitamin C
c. vitamin E
d. vitamin K

Answer 8

vitamin A

Question 9

what is one of the functions of the antioxidant vitamin A

a. facilitates the syntesis of factors necessary for blood coagulation
b. aids in the functioning and repair of the skin cells
c. essential for growth and development
d. prevents collagen synthesis and is used to treat visible signs of aging

Answer 9

aids in the functioning and repair of the skin cells

Question 10

what is another name for vitamin C

a. ascorbic acid
b. retinol
c. sunshine vitamin
d. tocopherol

Answer 10

ascorbic acid

Question 11

what does adenosine triphosphate do

a. forms the building blocks of protein
b. facilitates enzymatic reactions
c. provides energy to cells and converts energy to carbon dioxide
d. protects nerves and contributes to the structure of cells

Answer 11

provides energy to cells and converts energy to carbon dioxide

Question 12

what forms the building blocks of protein

a. bioflavonoids
b. amino acids
c. adenosine triphosphate
d. carbohydrates

Answer 12

amino acids

Question 13

what is the term for clogging and hardening of the arteries

a. osteoporosis
b. arteriosclerosis
c. hypoglycemia
d. arteriogylcemia

Answer 13

arteriosclerosis

Question 14

what food contains the greatest abundance of bioflavonoids

a. leafy greens
b. citrus fruits
c. dairy products
d. whole grains

Answer 14

citrus fruits

Question 15

what are measures of heat units, used to measure food energy for the body

a. grams
b. calories
c. pints
d. ounces

Answer 15

calories

Question 16

what are compounds that break down sugars and supply body energy

a. proteins
b. calories
c. carbohydrates
d. enzymes

Answer 16

carbohydrates

Question 17

what term refers to sugars made up of two simple sugars, such as lactose and sucrose

a. bisaccharides
b. polysaccharides
c. monosaccharides
d. disaccharides

Answer 17

disaccharides

Question 18

what are catalysts that break down complex food molecules

a. carbohydrates
b. calories
c. enzymes
d. proteins

Answer 18

enzymes

Question 19

what type of vitamin is riboflavin

a. vitamin A
b. vitamin B
c. vitamin C
d. vitamin D

Answer 19

vitamin B

Question 20

what mineral serves the function of forming and maintianing teeth and bones

a. calcium
b. iodine
c. iron
d. copper

Answer 20

calcium

Question 21

what mineral is requried for energy use, water balance, and molecular movement

a. magnesium
b. calcium
c. sodium
d. potassium

Answer 21

potassium

Question 22

what mineral is required for energy release and protein synthesis

a. iron
b. calcium
c. magnesium
d. potassium

Answer 22

magnesium

Question 23

what mineral moves carbon dioxide, regulates water levels, and transports materials through cell membranes

a. potassium
b. sodium
c. iron
d. calcium

Answer 23

sodium

Question 24

what is NOT an important reason for estheticians to develop and use good health habits

a. setting an example for clients
b. having more energy for work
c. seeking superficial approval
d. trying to achieve personal balance

Answer 24

seeking superficial approval

Question 25

how often should you exercise for about 30 minutes in order to maintain good health habits a. twice a day b. twice a week c. three times a week d. five times a week

Answer 25

three times a week

Question 26

what is true of water a. you should only drink water after you exercise b. it can be refreshing but is not necessary for the body's health c. it is the one essential nutrient no person can live without d. you should only drink water when it is hot outside

Answer 26

it is the one essential nutrient no person can live without

Question 27

what are fats a. chains of amino acid molecules b. macronutrients used to produce energy in the body c. inorganic materials required for many reactions fo the cells d. organic acids that form protein

Answer 27

macronutrients used to produce energy in the body

Question 28

what has been added to a food product if it is labeled as fortified a. flavor enhancer b. preservatives c. one or more vitamins d. sodium

Answer 28

one or more vitamins

Question 29

what is glycosaminoglycan a. water-binding substance between the fibers of the dermis b. substance that provides energy to the cells c. waxy substance in your body needed to produce hormones d. sugar made up of two simple sugars, such as lactose and sucrose

Answer 29

water-binding substance between the fibers of the dermis

Question 30

what is hypoglycemia a. allergy to sugar b. inability to taste sugar c. condition in which blood sugar rises too high d. condition in which blood sugar drops too low

Answer 30

condition in which blood sugar drops too low

Question 31

what is the common name for linoleic acid, which is used to make important hormones a. omega-3 b. omega-6 c. omega-9 d. omega-12

Answer 31

omega-6

Question 32

what is true of macronutrients a. they are harmful to body systems and must be avoided b. they make up the largest part of the nutrition we take in c. they make up the smallest part of the nutrition we take in d. they offer nutrition without calories

Answer 32

they make up the largest part of the nutrition we take in

Question 33

what is true of micronutrients a. they make up the largest part of the nutrition we take in b. they are high in fat and calories c. micronutrients have no calories or nutritional value d. they are harmful to body systems and must be avoided

Answer 33

micronutrients have no calories or nutritional value

Question 34

what term refers to inorganic materials that are required for many reactions of the cells and the body a. calories b. enzymes c. carbohydrates d. minerals

Answer 34

minerals

Question 35

what term refers to carbohydrates made up of one basic sugar unit a. unisaccharides b. disaccharides c. polysaccharides d. monosaccharides

Answer 35

monosaccharides

Question 36

what is a common name for vitamin D a. sunshine vitamin b. riboflavin c. ascorbic acid d. skin vitamin

Answer 36

sunshine vitamin

Question 37

what is the scientific name for vitamin E a. tocopherol b. ascorbic acid c. retinol d. linoleic acid

Answer 37

tocopherol

Question 38

what body function is aided by vitamin K a. healthy bone formation b. blood coagulation c. respiration of body organs d. red blood cell formation

Answer 38

blood coagulation

Question 39

what is a function of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) a. overseeing finanical transactions b. approving drugs for public use c. studying diseases d. regulating nutrition-related affairs

Answer 39

regulating nutrition-related affairs

Question 40

what is the governmental agency that issues the recommended nutritional guideline MyPlate a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) b. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) c. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) d. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer 40

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Question 41

what is recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) a. government-issued measurements for amounts of foods we should eat b. industry-issued suggestions for amounts of food we should eat c. government-mandated requirements for amounts of food we should eat d. consumer-group recommendations for amounts of food we should eat

Answer 41

government-issued measurements for amounts of foods we should eat

Question 42

what type of vitamin is niacin a. vitamin A b. vitamin B c. vitamin C d. vitamin D

Answer 42

vitamin B

Question 43

what mineral contributes to body tissue formation and gives strength to keratin a. sulphur b. zinc c. selenim d. fluoride

Answer 43

sulphur

Question 44

what mineral is commonly used in toothpaste because it contributes to bone and teeth formation a. manganese b. fluoride c. zinc d. phosphorus

Answer 44

fluoride