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milady esthetics > ch 10 - physiology and histology of the skin > Flashcards

ch 10 - physiology and histology of the skin Flashcards

1
Q

why is UVB radiation also known as “burning rays”

a. UVB wavelengths cause burning of the skin as well as cancer
b. UVB radiation burns paper upon direct exposure
c. UVB radiation burns wood upon direct exposure
d. UVB causes premature aging in skin

A

UVB wavelengths cause burning of the skin as well as cancer

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2
Q

what is NOT an element of the skin’s acid mantle

a. blood
b. sebum
c. lipids
d. sweat

A

blood

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3
Q

what causes injured skin to restore itself to its normal thickness

a. hyperproduction of cells
b. daily exposure to the sun
c. gentle massage
d. Botox injections

A

hyperproduction of cells

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4
Q

what are the items in the dermis that respond to touch, pain, cold, heat, and pressure

a. sebaceous glands
b. sensory nerve endings
c. fibrous tissues
d. pituitary glands

A

sensory nerve endings

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5
Q

what are most abundant in the fingertips, as opposed to other parts of the body

a. red blood cells
b. white blood cells
c. lymph nodes
d. sensory nerve fibers

A

sensory nerve fibers

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6
Q

what is the average internal temperature of the body in degrees Fahrenheit

a. 37
b. 96.8
c. 98.6
d. 99.5

A

98.6

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7
Q

why does the body perspire

a. to protect us from overheating
b. to protect us from freezing
c. to protect us from dehydration
d. to protect us from overhydration

A

to protect us from overheating

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8
Q

what are follicles

a. sweat gland openings
b. tubelike openings in the epidermis
c. tubelike openings in the muscles
d. ingrown hair shafts

A

tubelike openings in the epidermis

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9
Q

what is NOT a compound in the body from which free radicals take electrons

a. sebum
b. protein
c. lipids
d. DNA

A

sebum

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10
Q

what is glycation

a. fibrous, connective tissue made from protein
b. a white blood cell that has enzymes to digest and kill bacteria
c. the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule
d. a chronic condition that appears primarily in the cheeks

A

the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule

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11
Q

what are hair papillae

a. ingrown hairs
b. cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle
c. shaved hairs
d. membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis

A

cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle

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12
Q

where in the body is hyaluronic acid found

a. hair
b. skin
c. kidney
d. liver

A

skin

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13
Q

what is hydrolipidic film

a. salt-water balance that damages the skin’s surface
b. oil-water balance that damages the skin’s surface
c. salt-water balance that protects the skin’s surface
d. oil-water balance that protects the skin’s surface

A

oil-water balance that protects the skin’s surface

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14
Q

what is a fiber protein found in skin, hair, and nails

a. keratin
b. keloid
c. lymph
d. sebum

A

keratin

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15
Q

what is the acid mantle

a. deposit left on the skin after the use of an acidic product
b. protective layer of lipids and secretions on the skin’s surface
c. reservoir of digestive juices located in the stomach
d. deposit left on the skin after the use of an alkaline product

A

protective layer of lipids and secretions on the skin’s surface

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16
Q

where in the body are the coiled structures known as apocrine glands found

a. mouth and nostrils
b. underarm and genital areas
c. eyes and ears
d. lower back and inner knees

A

underarm and genital areas

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17
Q

what is the result of the contraction of the arrector pili muscle

a. penile erection
b. excessive sweating
c. gaseous discharge
d. goose bumps

A

goose bumps

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18
Q

what does the skin’s barrier function protect us from, in addition to irritation

a. excessive hair loss
b. hypopigmentation
c. hyperpigmentation
d. intercellular water loss

A

intercellular water loss

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19
Q

what are ceramides

a. glycolipid materials
b. hydrolipid materials
c. neurolipid materials
d. psycholipid materials

A

glycolipid materials

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20
Q

what is collagen

a. hardened keratinocyte
b. fibrous tissue made from protein
c. hydrating fluid found in the skin
d. pigment-carrying granule

A

fibrous tissue made from protein

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21
Q

what are corneocytes

a. open comedones
b. hardened keratinocytes
c. closed comedones
d. softened keratinocytes

A

hardened keratinocytes

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22
Q

what are membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis

a. follicular papillae
b. dermal papillae
c. epidermal papillae
d. hair papillae

A

dermal papillae

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23
Q

where in the face does the chronic condition rosacea primarily appear

a. forehead and chin
b. ears and eyelids
c. jawline and ears
d. cheeks and nose

A

cheeks and nose

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24
Q

what protects the surface of the skin

a. hair papillae
b. sebaceous glands
c. pituitary glands
d. dermal papillae

A

sebaceous glands

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25
Q

what are guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized foreign invaders, such as bacteria

a. stratum germinativum
b. stratum lucidum
b. integumentary production cells
c. Langerhans immune cells

A

Langerhans immune cells

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26
Q

what is oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and that lubricates both the skin and hair

a. lymph
b. pus
c. blood
d. sebum

A

sebum

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27
Q

what is the common name for the stratum corneum

a. horny layer
b. spiny layer
c. granular layer
d. clear layer

A

horny layer

28
Q

what is true of the stratum corneum

a. it is made of hardened sebum
b. it is the outermost layer of the skin
c. it is the innermost layer of the skin
d. it is devoid of corneocytes

A

it is the outermost layer of the skin

29
Q

what is the common name of the stratum germiniativum

a. spiny layer
b. basal layer
c. horny layer
d. clear layer

A

basal layer

30
Q

where in the skin is the stratum germinativum located

a. below the papillary layer of the dermis
b. below the hypodermis
c. above the epidermis
d. above the papillary layer of the dermis

A

above the papillary layer of the dermis

31
Q

what is the common name of the stratum granulosum

a. clear layer
b. granular layer
c. basal layer
d. spiny layer

A

granular layer

32
Q

what forms the cells in the stratum granulosum that resemble granules

a. collagen
b. keratin
c. elastin
d. melanin

A

keratin

33
Q

what is the common name for the stratum corneum

a. horny layer
b. clear layer
c. hypodermis
d. subdermis

A

horny layer

34
Q

what is another name for the subcutaneous layer of the skin

a. epidermis
b. dermis
c. hypodermis
d. subdermis

A

hypodermis

35
Q

what part of the skin provides a protective cushion and energy storage for the body

a. epidermis
b. subcutaneous layer
c. dermis
d. barrier function

A

subcutaneous layer

36
Q

what is another name for subcutis tissue

a. acidic tissue
b. alkaline tissue
c. adipose tissue
d. arrector tissue

A

adipose tissue

37
Q

what are the glands that excrete perspiration, regulate body temperature, and detoxify the body

a. sudoriferous
b. thyroid
c. hyperthyroid
d. pituitary

A

sudoriferous

38
Q

what cells identify molecules that have foreign peptides, and help to regulate immune response

a. A-cells
b. D-cells
c. T-cells
d. X-cells

A

T-cells

39
Q

what causes telangiectasia

a. capillary damage
b. follicle damage
c. aging
d. poor nutrition

A

capillary damage

40
Q

what causes transepidermal water loss

a. perspiration
b. evaporation
c. salivation
d. secretion

A

evaporation

41
Q

what is a common term for UVA radiation

a. aging rays
b. burning rays
c. tanning rays
d. brightening rays

A

aging rays

42
Q

what is the dermis

a. innermost layer of the skin
b. outermost layer of the skin
c. support layer above the epidermis
d. support layer below the epidermis

A

support layer below the epidermis

43
Q

what function do desmosomes perform

a. assist in keeping cells apart
b. assist in holding cells together
c. fight inflammation
d. fight infection

A

assist in holding cells together

44
Q

what are eccrine glands

a. tastebuds
b. goosebumps
c. salivary glands
d. sweat glands

A

sweat glands

45
Q

what protein fiber is found in the dermis and gives skin its flexibility and firmness

a. collagen
b. melanin
c. keratin
d. elastin

A

elastin

46
Q

what hormone stimulates cells to reproduce and heal

a. dermal stimulant factor (DSF)
b. epidermal growth factor (EGF)
c. integumentary regulatory factor (IRF)
d. integumentary manufacturing factor (IMF)

A

epidermal growth factor (EGF)

47
Q

what is true of the epidermis

a. it is the outermost layer of the skin
b. it is the innermost layer of the skin
c. it is below the dermis
d. it is below the subcutaneous layer

A

it is the outermost layer of the skin

48
Q

what performs the function of stimulating cells, collagen, and amino acids that form proteins

a. epidermablasts
b. dermablasts
c. elastiblasts
d. fibroblasts

A

fibroblasts

49
Q

what term do clients commonly use when referring to follicles

a. blotches
b. pores
c. pimples
d. rashes

A

pores

50
Q

what comprises about 50 to 70 percent of the skin

a. lymph
b. water
c. oil
d. pus

A

water

51
Q

what causes the body to produce its own vitamin D

a. drinking orange juice
b. exposure to the sun
c. drinking a liter of water
d. exposure to heat

A

exposure to the sun

52
Q

what is NOT one of the six primary functions of the skin

a. heat regulation
b. sensation
c. absorption
d. reflection

A

reflection

53
Q

what function does the enzyme tyrosinase perform

a. helps to regulate the body’s internal temperature
b. stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin
c. triggers hyperproduction of cells and blood clotting
d. helps to regulate the body’s external temperature

A

stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin

54
Q

what is the other type of melanin the body produces, besides eumelanin

a. pheomelanin
b. photomelanin
c. pseudomelanin
d. protomelanin

A

pheomelanin

55
Q

how many times thicker than the epidermis is the dermis, approximately

a. 25
b. 50
c. 75
d. 100

A

25

56
Q

when do free radicals produce more free radicals

a. before causing oxidation reactions
b. while causing oxidation reactions
c. only when exposed to hydrogen
d. only when exposed to carbon

A

while causing oxidation reactions

57
Q

what causes skin cells’ built-in antioxidants to lose their ability to protect cells

a. sun exposure
b. sun deprivation
c. excessive moisture
d. excessive heat

A

sun exposure

58
Q

what is true of sun exposure

a. all skin types benefit from extensive exposure to the sun
b. of all factors, it has the least impact on how our skin ages
c. of all factors, it has the greatest impact on how our skin ages
d. several hours of sun exposure every day is recommended for the skin

A

of all factors, it has the greatest impact on how our skin ages

59
Q

what are keratinocytes

a. dermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins
b. epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins
c.dangerous bacteria that target and destroy keratin in the body
d. products that are unsafe to use because they deplete keratin

A

epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins

60
Q

where in the skin are lymph vessels located

a. dermis
b. epidermis
c. subcutaneous layer
d. hypodermis

A

dermis

61
Q

what protein determines hair, eye, and skin color

a. collagen
b. elastin
c. melanin
d. keratin

A

melanin

62
Q

what are melanocytes

a. dangerous bacteria that impede melanin production
b. cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer
c. products that are unsafe to use because they deplete melanin
d. cells that produce melanin within the horny and spiny layers

A

cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer

63
Q

what are melanosomes

a. blood vessels dedicated to moving melanin through the body
b. blotches on the skin where excess melanin is located
c. pale patches on the skin where insufficient melanin is located
d. pigment-carrying granules that produce melanin

A

pigment-carrying granules that produce melanin

64
Q

what is true of the papillary layer of the skin

a. it is the top layer of the dermis
b. it is the middle layer of the dermis
c. it is the deepest layer of the dermis
d. it is part of the epidermis

A

it is the top layer of the dermis

65
Q

what is true of the reticular layer of the skin

a. it is part of the epidermis
b. it is the deepest layer of the dermis
c. it is the middle layer of the dermis
d. it is the top layer of the dermis

A

it is the deepest layer of the dermis

milady esthetics (46 decks)

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