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milady esthetics > ch 6 - vocabulary / terms > Flashcards

ch 6 - vocabulary / terms Flashcards

1
Q

abductors

A
  • muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity
  • in the hand, abductors separate the fingers
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2
Q

absorption

A

the transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues and cells

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3
Q

adductors

A
  • muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity
  • in the hand, adductors draw the fingers together
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4
Q

adipose tissue

A

a specialized connective tissue considered fat, which gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulates the body

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5
Q

adrenal glands

A

glands that secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body, including the fight-or-flight response

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6
Q

anabolism

A
  • constructive metabolism
  • the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones
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7
Q

anatomy

A

the study of human body structure that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized and the science of the structure of organisons or of their parts

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8
Q

angular artery

A

supplies blood to the side of the nose

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9
Q

anterior auricular artery

A

supplies blood to the front part of the ear

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10
Q

aorta

A
  • the body’s largest artery
  • the arterial trunk that carries blood from from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body
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11
Q

arteries

A

thick-walled muscular and flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body

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12
Q

arterioles

A

small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries

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13
Q

atrioventricular valves

A
  • abbreviated ATV
  • valves which are designed to prevent the blood from flowing back into the pumping chamber
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14
Q

atrium

A
  • thin-walled, upper chamber of the heart through which blood is pumped to the ventricles
  • there is a right atrium and a left atrium
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15
Q

auricularis anterior

A

muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear forward

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16
Q

auricularis posterior

A

muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backward

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17
Q

auricularis superior

A

muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward

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18
Q

auriculotemporal nerve

A

affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull

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19
Q

autonomic nervous system

A
  • abbreviated ANS
  • the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles
  • regulates the actions of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart
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20
Q

axon

A

the extension of a neuron through which impulses are sent away from the cell body to other neurons, glands, or muscles

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21
Q

belly

A

middle part of a muscle

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22
Q

biceps

A

muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm

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23
Q

blood

A

nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system (heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries) to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them

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24
Q

blood vessels

A
  • tube-like structures that transport blood to and from the heart, and to various tissues of the body
  • include arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins
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25
Q

body systems

A
  • aka. systems
  • groups of bodily organs acting together to perform one or more functions
  • the human body is composed of 11 major systems
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26
Q

brachial artery

A

located in the upper arm, the brachial artery is a major blood vessel which runs down the arm and ends by dividing into the radial and ulnar arteries, which run down through the forearm

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27
Q

brain

A
  • part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium
  • largest and most complex nerve tissue
  • controls sensation, muscles, glandular activity, and the power to think and feel
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28
Q

brain stem

A

structure that connects the spinal cord to the brain

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29
Q

buccal nerve

A

affects the muscles of the mouth

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30
Q

buccinator

A

thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips

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31
Q

capillaries

A
  • tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins
  • bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials
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32
Q

cardiac muscle

A
  • the involuntary muscle that is the heart
  • this type of muscle is not found in any other part of the body
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33
Q

carpus

A
  • aka. wrist
  • a flexible joint composed of eight small, irregular bones (carpals) held together by ligaments
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34
Q

catabolism

A

the phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of complex compounds within the cells into smaller ones, often resulting in the release of energy to perform functions such as muscular efforts, secretions, or digestion

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35
Q

cell membrane

A

part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell

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36
Q

cells

A
  • basic unit of all living things
  • minute mass of protoplasm capable of performing all the fundamental functions of life
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37
Q

central nervous system

A
  • abbreviated CNS
  • cerebrospinal nervous system
  • consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves
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38
Q

cerebellum

A
  • lies at the base of the cerebrum and is attached to the brain stem
  • Latin for “little brain”
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39
Q

cerebrum

A

makes up the bulk of the brain and is located in the front, upper part of the cranium

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40
Q

cervical cutaneous nerve

A

located at the side of the neck that affects the front and sides of the neck and far down as the breastbone

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41
Q

cervical nerve

A
  • originated at the spinal cord, whose branches supply the muscles and scalp at the back of the head and neck
  • affect the side of the neck and the platysma muscle
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42
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

the seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column, located in the neck region

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43
Q

circulatory system

A
  • aka. cardiovascular system or vascular system
  • controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels
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44
Q

clavicle

A
  • aka. collarbone
  • bone joining the sternum and scapula
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45
Q

common carotid arteries

A

supplies blood to the face, head, and neck

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46
Q

connective tissue

A
  • fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body such as bone, cartilage, and tendons
  • ex. bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood, lymph, and fat
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47
Q

corrugator muscle

A

facial muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically

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48
Q

cranium

A

oval, bony case that protects the brain

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49
Q

cytoplasm

A
  • all the protoplasm of a cell except that which is in the nucleus
  • the watery fluid containing food material necessary for cell growth, reproduction, and self-repair
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50
Q

defecation

A

elimination of feces from the body

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51
Q

deltoid

A

large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body

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52
Q

dendrites

A
  • tree-like branching of nerve fibers extending from a nerve cell
  • short nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the cell and receive impulses from other neurons
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53
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid

A
  • abbreviated DNA
  • the blueprint material of genetic information
  • contains all the information that controls the function of every living cell
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54
Q

depressor anguli oris

A
  • aka. triangularis muscle
  • muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corner of the mouth
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55
Q

depressor labii inferioris

A
  • aka. quadratus labii inferioris
  • muscle surrounding the lower lip that depresses the lower lip and draws it to one side
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56
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing

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57
Q

diencephalon

A
  • located in the uppermost part of the midbrain
  • consists of two main parts the thalamus and the hypothalamus
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58
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical means

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59
Q

digestive enzymes

A

chemicals that change certain kinds of food into a form that can be used by the body

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60
Q

digestive system

A
  • aka. gastrointestinal system
  • responsible for changing food into nutrients and wastes
  • consists of the mouth, stomach intestines, salivary and gastric glands and other organs
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61
Q

digital nerve

A
  • sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies impulses to the fingers
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62
Q

eleventh cranial nerve

A
  • aka. accessory nerve
  • a motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles
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63
Q

endocrine glands

A
  • aka. ductless glands
  • release secretions called hormones directly into the bloodstream which in turn influence the welfare of the entire body
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64
Q

endocrine system

A

group of specialized glands that affect the growth development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body

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65
Q

epicranial aponeurosis

A

tendon connecting the occipitalis and the frontalis

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66
Q

epicranius

A
  • aka. occipitofrontalis
  • the broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis
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67
Q

epithelial tissue

A

protective covering on body surfaces, such as the skin, mucous membranes, and lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and glands

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68
Q

ethmoid bone

A

light, spongy bone between the eye sockets that forms part of the nasal cavities

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69
Q

excretory system

A

group of organs - including the kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, and lungs - that purify the body by elimination of waste matter

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70
Q

exhalation

A
  • breathing outward
  • expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs
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71
Q

exocrine glands

A
  • aka. duct glands
  • produce a substance that travels through small, tube-like ducts
  • sweat and oil glands of the skin belong to this group
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72
Q

extensors

A

muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line

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73
Q

external carotid artery

A
  • supplies blood to the anterior (front) parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck, and side of the head
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74
Q

external jugular vein

A
  • located on the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head, face, and neck
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75
Q

facial artery

A
  • aka. external maxillary artery
  • supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth, and nose
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76
Q

fifth cranial nerve

A
  • aka. trifacial or trigeminal nerve
  • it is the chief sensory nerve of the face, and it serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing
  • consists of three branches
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77
Q

flexor

A

extensor muscles of the wrist, involved in flexing the wrist

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78
Q

frontal artery

A

supplies blood to the forehead and upper eyelids

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79
Q

frontal bone

A

bone forming the forehead

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80
Q

frontalis

A
  • front (anterior) portion of the epicranius
  • muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead
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81
Q

glands

A

specialized organs that remove certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds

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82
Q

greater auricular nerve

A

nerve at the sides of the neck affecting the face, ears, neck, and parotid gland

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83
Q

greater occipital nerve

A

located in the back of the head, affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head

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84
Q

heart

A

muscular cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system

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85
Q

hemoglobin

A

iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen

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86
Q

histology

A
  • aka. microscopic anatomy
  • the study of the structure and composition of tissue
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87
Q

hormones

A

secretions produced by one of the endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream or body fluid to another part of the body, or a body organ, to stimulate functional activity or secretion, such as insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen

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88
Q

humerus

A

uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder

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89
Q

hyoid bone

A

u-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscle

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90
Q

inferior labial artery

A

supplies blood to the lower lip

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91
Q

infraorbital artery

A

originates from the internal maxillary artery and supplies blood to the eye muscles

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92
Q

infraorbital nerve

A

affects the skin or the lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip, and mouth

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93
Q

infratrochlear nerve

A

affects the membrane and skin of the nose

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94
Q

ingestion

A

eating or taking food into the body

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95
Q

inhalation

A

breathing in through the nose or mouth, and thus oxygen is absorbed by the blood

96
Q

insertion

A

point where the skeletal muscle is attached to a bone or other more movable body part

97
Q

integumentary system

A

the skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails

98
Q

internal carotid artery

A

supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear

99
Q

internal jugular vein

A

located at the side of the neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck

100
Q

interstitial fluid

A

blood plasma found in the spaces between tissues

101
Q

joint

A

connection between two or more bones of the skeleton

102
Q

kidneys

A

one of the organs which supports the excretory system by eliminating water and waste products

103
Q

lacrimal bones

A

small, thin bones located in the anterior medial wall of the orbits (eye sockets)

104
Q

lateral pterygoid

A
  • muscles that coordinate with the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscles to open and close the mouth and bring the jaw forward
  • sometimes referred to as chewing muscles
105
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

large, flat, triangular muscle covering the lower back

106
Q

levator anguli oris

A
  • aka. caninus
  • muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward
107
Q

levator labii superioris

A
  • aka. quadratu labii superioris
  • muscle surrounding the upper lip that elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as in expressing distaste
108
Q

liver

A

one of the organs which supports the excretory system by removing toxic waste products of digestion

109
Q

lungs

A

spongy tissues composed of microscopic cells in which inhaled air is exchanged for carbon dioxide during one respiratory cycle

110
Q

lymph

A
  • clear yellowish fluid that circulates in the lymph spaces (lymphatic) of the body
  • carries waste and impurities away from the cells
111
Q

lymph capillaries

A

lymphatic vessels that occur in clusters and are distributed throughout most of the body

112
Q

lymph nodes

A
  • gland-like structures found inside lymphatic vessels
  • filter the lymphatic vessels and help fight infection
113
Q

lymphatic / immune system

A
  • vital to the circulatory and to the immune system made up of lymph, lymph nodes, the thymus gland, the spleen, and lymph vessels that act as an aid to the blood system
  • the lymphatic and immune system are closely connected in that they protect the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease-causing microorganisms
114
Q

mandible

A
  • lower jawbone
  • largest and strongest bone of the face
115
Q

mandibular nerve

A
  • branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the muscles and skin of the lower part of the face
  • affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip
116
Q

masseter

A
  • one of the muscles that coordinate with the temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles to open and close the mouth and bring the jaw forward
  • sometimes referred to as chewing msucles
117
Q

maxillary bone

A

form the upper jaw

118
Q

maxillary nerve

A

branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the upper part of the face

119
Q

medial pterygoid

A
  • one of the muscles that coordinate with the masseter, temporalis, and lateral pterygoid muscles to open and close the mouth and bring the jaw forward
  • sometimes referred to as chewing muscles
120
Q

median nerve

A
  • supplies the arm and hand
  • smaller than the ulnar and radial nerves
121
Q

melasma

A
  • aka. pregnancy mask
  • skin condition that is triggered by hormones that causes darker pigmentation in areas such as on the upper lip and around the eyes and cheeks
122
Q

mental nerve

A

affects the skin or the lower lip and chin

123
Q

mentalis

A

muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin

124
Q

metabolism

A
  • chemical process taking place in living organisms whereby the cells are nourished and carry out their activities
  • process of changing food into forms the body can use as energy
  • consists of two parts: anabolism and catabolism
125
Q

metacarpus

A
  • aka. palm
  • consists of five long, slender bones called metacarpal bones
126
Q

middle temporal artery

A

supplies blood to the temples

127
Q

mitosis

A
  • cells dividing into two new cells (daughter cells)
  • the usual process of cell reproduction of human tissues
128
Q

mitral valve

A
  • aka. bicuspid valve
  • a valve in which, from the left atrium, the blood flows through into the left ventricle
129
Q

motor nerves

A
  • aka. efferent nerves
  • carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands
  • these transmitted impulses produce movement
130
Q

muscle tissue

A

tissue that contracts and moves various parts of the body

131
Q

muscular system

A
  • body system that covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue
  • contracts and moves various parts of the body
132
Q

myology

A

study of the nature, structure, function, and diseases of the muscles

133
Q

nasal bones

A

forms the bridge of the nose

134
Q

nasal nerve

A

affects the point and lower sides of the nose

135
Q

nasalis muscle

A

two-part muscle which covers the nose

136
Q

nerve tissue

A

tissue that controls and coordinates all body functions

137
Q

nerves

A

whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue, through which impulses are transmitted

138
Q

nervous system

A
  • body system composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
  • controls and coordinates all other systems and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently
139
Q

neurology

A

the scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system

140
Q

neuron or nerve cell

A

basic unit of the nervous system, consisting of the cell body, nucleus, dendrites, and axon

141
Q

nonstriated muscles

A
  • aka. involuntary, visceral, or smooth muscles
  • function automatically, without conscious will
142
Q

nucleoplasm

A
  • fluid within the nucleus of the cell that contains proteins and DNA
  • determines our genetic makeup
143
Q

nucleus

A
  • the central part, core
  • in histology: the dense, active protoplasm found in the center of a eukaryotic cell that acts as the genetic control center; it plays an important role in cell reproduction and metabolism
  • in chemistry: the center of the atom, where protons and neutrons are located
144
Q

occipital artery

A

supplies blood to the skin and muscles of the scalp and back of the head up to the crown

145
Q

occipital bone

A
  • hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal bones
  • forms the back of the skull above the nape
146
Q

occipitalis

A
  • back of the epicranius
  • muscle that draws the scalp backward
147
Q

ophthalmic nerve

A
  • branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball, and nasal passage
148
Q

orbicularis oculi

A
  • ring muscle of the eye socket
  • closes the eyelid
149
Q

orbicularis oris

A

flat band around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers and wrinkles the lips

150
Q

organelle

A

small structures or miniature organs within a cell that have their own function

151
Q

organs

A

structures composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions in plants and animals

152
Q

origin

A
  • part or the muscle that does not move
  • it is attached to the skeleton and is usually part of a skeletal muscle
153
Q

os

A

means bone and is used as a prefix in many medical terms, such as osteoarthritis, a joint disease

154
Q

osteology

A

study of anatomy, structure, and function of the bones

155
Q

ovaries

A

function in sexual reproduction as well as determining male and female sexual charactersitics

156
Q

palatine bones

A

two bones that form the hard palate of the mouth

157
Q

pancreas

A
  • secretes enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
  • the islet of Langerhans cells within the pancreas control insulin and glucagon production
158
Q

parasympathetic division

A
  • part of the autonomic nervous system, it operates under normal nonstressful situations, such as resting
  • helps to restore calm and balance to the body after a stressful event
159
Q

parathyroid glands

A

regulate blood calcium and phosphorus levels so that the nervous and muscular systems can function properly

160
Q

parietal artery

A

supplies blood to the side and crown of the head

161
Q

parietal bones

A

forms the sides and top of the cranium

162
Q

pectoralis major and minor

A

muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm

163
Q

pericardium

A
  • double-layered membranous sac enclosing the heart
  • made of epithelial tissue
164
Q

peripheral nervous system

A
  • abbreviated PNS
  • system of nerves and ganglia that connects the peripheral parts of the body to the central nervous system
  • has both sensory and motor nerves
165
Q

peristalsis

A

moving food along the digestive tract

166
Q

phalanges
(singular : phalanx)

A
  • aka. digits
  • bones in the finger, three in each finger and two in each thumb, totaling 14 bones
167
Q

physiology

A

study of the functions or activities performed by the body’s structures

168
Q

pineal gland

A
  • located in the brain
  • plays a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism
169
Q

pituitary gland

A
  • found in the center of the head
  • most complex organ of the endocrine system
  • affects almost every physiologic process of the body: growth, blood pressure, contractions during childbirth, breast-milk production, sexual organ functions in both women and men, thyroid gland function, and the conversion of food into energy (metabolism)
170
Q

plasma

A

fluid part of the blood and lymph that carries food and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells

171
Q

platelets

A
  • aka. thrombocytes
  • much smaller than red blood cells
  • contribute to the blood-clotting process, which stops bleeding
172
Q

platysma

A
  • broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin
  • responsible for depressing the lower jaw and lip
173
Q

posterior auricular artery

A

artery that supplies blood to the scalp, behind and above the ear

174
Q

posterior auricular nerve

A

nerve that affects the muscles behind the ear at the base of the skull

175
Q

procerus

A

muscles that covers the bridge of the nose, depresses the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose

176
Q

pronators

A

muscles that turn the hand inward so that the palm faces downward

177
Q

protoplasm

A
  • colorless, jellylike substance in cells
  • contains food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water
178
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified, then back to the heart again

179
Q

radial artery

A
  • artery, along with numerous branches, that supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand
  • supplies the muscles of the skin, hands, fingers, wrist, elbow, and forearm
180
Q

radial nerve

A

nerve that, with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand

181
Q

radius

A

smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb

182
Q

red blood cells

A
  • aka. red corpuscles or erythrocytes
  • produced in the red bone marrow
  • blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and transport carbon dioxide from the cells back to the lungs
183
Q

reflex

A
  • automatic reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse from a sensory receptor along the sensory nerve to the spinal cord
  • a responsive impulse is sent along a motor neuron to a muscle, causing a reaction
  • reflexes do not have to be learned, they are automatic
184
Q

reproductive system

A
  • body system that includes ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina in the female and the testes, prostate gland, penis and urethra in the male
  • performs the function of producing offspring and passing on the genetic code from one generation to another
185
Q

respiration

A
  • process of inhaling and exhaling
  • act of breathing
  • exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the lungs and within each cell
186
Q

respiratory system

A
  • body system consisting of the lungs and air passages
  • enables breathing, which supplies the body with oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide as a waste product
187
Q

ribs

A

twelve pairs of bones forming the wall of the thorax

188
Q

risorius

A

muscle of the mouth that draws the corner of the mouth out and back, as in grinning

189
Q

scapula

A
  • aka. shoulder blade
  • one of a pair of large, flat triangular bone of the shoulder
190
Q

sensory nerves

A
  • aka. afferent nerves
  • carry impulses or messages from the sense organs to the brain, where sensations such as touch, cold, heat, sight, hearing, taste, smell, pain, and pressure are experienced
  • sensory nerve endings called receptors are located close to the surface of the skin
191
Q

serratus anterior

A

muscle of the chest that assists in breathing and in raising the arm

192
Q

seventh cranial nerve

A
  • aka. facial nerve
  • the chief motor nerve of the face
  • emerges near the lower part of the ear and extends to the muscles of the neck
193
Q

skeletal system

A

physical foundation of the body, composed of the bones and movable and immovable joints

194
Q

skin

A
  • external protective coating that covers the body
  • body’s largest organ
  • acts as a barrier to protect body systems from the outside elements
195
Q

smaller occipital nerve

A
  • aka. lesser occipital nerve
  • located at the base of the skull, affects the scalp and muscles behind the ear
196
Q

sphenoid bone

A

bone that joins all the bones of the cranium together

197
Q

spinal cord

A

portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain, extends down to the lower extremity of the trunk, and is protected by the spinal column

198
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A
  • abbreviated SCM
  • muscle of the neck that depresses and rotates the head
199
Q

sternum

A
  • aka. breastbone
  • the flat bone that forms the central supports of the ribs
200
Q

striated muscles

A
  • aka. skeletal or voluntary muscles
  • attached to the bones and make up a large percentage of body mass
  • controlled by the will
201
Q

submental artery

A

artery that supplies blood to the chin and lower lip

202
Q

superficial temporal artery

A
  • continuation of the external carotid nerve artery
  • supplies blood to the muscles of the front, side, and top of the head
203
Q

superior labial artery

A

artery that supplies blood to the upper lip and region of the nose

204
Q

supinator

A

muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward

205
Q

supraorbital artery

A

artery that supplies blood to the upper eyelid and forehead

206
Q

supraorbital nerve

A

nerve that affects the skin of the forehead, scalp, eyebrow, and upper eyelid

207
Q

supratrochlear nerve

A

nerve that affects the skin between the eyes and upper side of the nose

208
Q

sympathetic division

A

part of the autonomic nervous system that stimulates or speeds up activity and prepares the body for stressful situations, such as in running from a dangerous situation, or competing in a sports event

209
Q

systemic or general circulation

A

circulation of blood from the heart throughout the body and back again to the heart

210
Q

temporal bones

A

bones forming the sides of the head in the ear region

211
Q

temporal nerve

A

nerve affecting the muscles of the temple, side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid, and upper part of the cheek

212
Q

temporalis muscle

A
  • temporal muscle
  • one of the muscles involved in mastication (chewing)
213
Q

testes

A

male organ which produce the male hormone testosterone

214
Q

thorax

A
  • aka. chest or pulmonary trunk
  • consists of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae
  • elastic, bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart, lungs, and other internal organs
215
Q

thyroid gland

A
  • gland located in the neck
  • controls how quickly the body burns energy (metabolism), makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones
216
Q

tibial nerve

A
  • division of the sciatic nerve, passes behind the knee
  • subdivides and supplies impulses to the knee, the muscles of the calf, the skin of the leg, and the sole, heel, and underside of the toes
217
Q

tissue

A

collection of similar cells that perform a particular function

218
Q

transverse facial artery

A

artery that supplies blood to the skin and the masseter

219
Q

trapezius

A
  • muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back
  • stabilizes the scapula and shrugs the shoulders
220
Q

triceps

A

large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearms

221
Q

tricuspid valve

A

heart valve that prevents backflow between the right atrium and the right ventricle

222
Q

turbinal bones

A

thin layers of spongy bone on either of the outer walls of the nasal depression

223
Q

ulna

A

inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached to the wrist on the side of the little finger

224
Q

ulnar artery

A

artery that supplies blood to the muscle of the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand

225
Q

ulnar nerve

A

sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, affects the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand

226
Q

valves

A

structures that temporarily close a passage or permit flow in one direction only

227
Q

vascular system

A

body system consisting of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries for the distribution of blood throughout the body

228
Q

veins

A
  • thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries
  • they contain cuplike valves to prevent backflow and carry impure blood from the various capillaries back to the heart and lungs
229
Q

ventricle

A
  • thick-walled, lower chamber of the heart that receives blood pumped from the atrium
  • there is a right and left ventricle
230
Q

venules

A
  • small vessels that connect the capillaries to the veins
  • they collect blood from the capillaries and drain it into veins
231
Q

vomer bone

A

flat, thin bone that forms part of the nasal septum

232
Q

white blood cells

A
  • aka. white corpuscles or leukocytes
  • perform the functions of destroying disease causing germs
233
Q

zygomatic bones

A
  • aka. malar bones or cheekbones
  • bones that form the prominence of the cheeks
  • cheekbones
234
Q

zygomatic nerve

A

nerve that affects the skin of the temple, side of the forehead, and upper part of the cheek

235
Q

zygomaticus major and minor

A
  • muscles on both sides of the face that extends from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth
  • elevate the lip, pull the mouth upward and backward, as when you are laughing or smiling

milady esthetics (46 decks)

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