ch 11 - vocabulary / terms Flashcards
1
Q
acne
A
- commonly known as acne simplex or acne vulgaris
- chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands that is characterized by comedones and blemishes
2
Q
acne excoriee
A
disorder where clients purposely scrape off acne lesions, causing scarring and discoloration
3
Q
actinic keratoses
A
- pink or flesh-colored precancerous lesions that feel sharp or rough
- resulting from sun damage
4
Q
albinism
A
- absence of melanin pigment in the body, including skin, hair, and eyes
- technical term for albinism is congenital leukoderma or congenital hypopigmentation
5
Q
anhidrosis
A
deficiency in perspiration, often a result of a fever or skin disease, that requires medical treatment
6
Q
asteatosis
A
dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency, which can be due to aging, body disorders, alkalies of harsh soaps, or cold exposure
7
Q
atopic dermatitis
A
- excess inflammation
- dry skin, redness, and itching from allergies and irritants
8
Q
basal cell carcinoma
A
- most common and the least severe type of skin cancer, which often appears as light, pearly nodules
- characteristics include sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with an elevated border
9
Q
bromhidrosis
A
foul-smelling perspiration, usually in the armpits or on the feet
10
Q
bulla
(plural: bullae)
A
- large blister containing watery fluid
- similar to a vesicle, but larger
11
Q
carbuncle
A
- cluster of boils
- large inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci bacterium
- similar to furuncle (boil) but larger
12
Q
chloasma
A
- aka. liver spots
- condition characterized by hyperpigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated
13
Q
comedo
(plural: comedones)
A
- mass of hardened sebum and skin cells in a hair follicle
- an open comedo or blackhead when open and exposed to oxygen
- closed comedones are whiteheads that are blocked and do not have a follicular opening
14
Q
comedogenic
A
tendency for an ingredient to clog follicles and cause a buildup of dead skin cells, resulting in comedones
15
Q
conjunctivitis
A
- aka. pinkeye
- very contagious infection of the mucous membranes around the eye
- chemical, bacterial, or viral causes
16
Q
contact dermatitis
A
- inflammatory skin condition caused by contact with a substance or chemical
- occupational disorders from ingredients in cosmetics and chemical solutions can cause contact dermatitis (aka. dermatitis venenata)
- allergic contact dermatitis is from exposure to allergies
- irritant contact dermatitis is from exposure to irritants
17
Q
crust
A
- dead cells form over a wound or blemish while it is healing, resulting in an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material
- ex. scab on a sore
18
Q
cyst
A
closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin
19
Q
dermatitis
A
- any inflammatory condition of the skin
- various forms of lesions such as eczema, vesicles, or papules
- the three main categories are atopic, contact, and seborrheic dermatitis
20
Q
dermatologist
A
physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails
21
Q
dermatology
A
medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment
22
Q
eczema
A
- inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, with dry or moist lesions
- this condition should be referred to a physician
- seborrheic dermatitis, mainly affecting oily areas, is a common form of eczema
23
Q
edema
A
swelling caused by a fluid imbalance in cells or a response to injury or infection
24
Q
erythema
A
- redness caused by inflammation
- a red lesion is erythemic
25
excoriation
skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping
26
fissure
- crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis
- ex. chapped lips or hands
27
folliculitis
- aka. folliculitis barbae, sycosis barbae, or barber's itch
- inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs
- cause is typically from ingrown hairs due to shaving or other epilation methods
28
furuncle
- aka. boil
- subcutaneous abscess filled with pus
- caused by bacteria in the glands or hair follicles
29
herpes simplex virus 1
- strain of the herpes virus that causes fever blisters or cold sores
- it is a recurring, contagious viral infection consisting of a vesicle or group of vesicles on a red, swollen base
- usually appear on the lips or nostrils
30
herpes simplex virus 2
strain of the herpes virus that infects the genitals
31
herpes zooster
- aka. shingles
- a painful viral infection skin condition from the chickenpox virus
- characterized by groups of blisters that form a rash in a ring or line
32
hyperhidrosis
- also called diaphoresis
- excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, medications, or medical conditions
33
hyperkeratosis
thickening of the skin caused by a mass of keratinized cells (keratinocytes)
34
hyperpigmentation
over-production of pigment
35
hypertrophy
- abnormal growth of the skin
- many are benign, or harmless
36
hypopigmentation
absence of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches
37
impetigo
contagious skin infection caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria, characterized by clusters of small blisters or crusty lesions and often occurring in children
38
keloid
thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue (collagen)
39
keratoma
- acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis
- a callus is a keratoma caused by continued, repeated pressure or fiction on any part of the skin, especially the hands and feet
40
keratosis
(plural: keratoses)
abnormally thick buildup of cells
41
keratosis pilaris
- aka. KP or chicken skin
- redness and bumpiness common on the cheeks or upper arms
- caused by blocked hair follicles
- the patches of irritation are accompanied by a rough texture and small pinpoint of white milia
42
lentigo
- freckles
- small, yellow-brown colored spots
- lentigenes that result from sunlight exposure are actinic, or solar, lentigenes
- patches are referred to as large macules
43
lesions
- mark, wound, or abnormality
- structural changes in tissues caused by damage or injury
44
leukoderma
- skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches
- congenital, acquired, post-inflammatory, or other causes that destroy pigment-producing cells
- ex. vitiligo and albinism
45
macule
(plural: maculae)
- flat spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle
- neither raised nor sunken
46
malignant melanoma
- most serious form of skin cancer as it can spread quickly (metastasize)
- black or dark patches on the skin are usually uneven in texture, jagged, or raised
- melanomas may have surface crust or bleed
47
milia
- epidermal cysts
- small, firm papules with no visible opening
- whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin
- more common in dry skin types and may form after skin trauma, such as a laser resurfacing
48
miliaria rubra
- aka. prickly heat
- acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands resulting in the eruption of red vesicles and burning, itching skin from excessive heat exposure
49
mole
- pigmented nervus
- brownish spot ranging in color from tan to bluish black
- can be flat like freckles or raised and darker
50
nevus
- aka. birthmark
- malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries
51
nodules
often referred to as tumors, but these are smaller bumps caused by conditions such as scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections
52
papule
- pimple
- small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus
53
perioral dermatitis
- acne-like condition around the mouth
- mainly small clusters of papules that could be caused by toothpaste or products used on the face
54
primary lesions
- characterized by flat, nonpalpable changes in skin color such as macules or patches, or an elevation formed by fluid in a cavity, such as vesicles, bullae, or pustules
55
pruitis
persistent itching
56
pseudofolliculitis
- aka. razor bumps
- resembles folliculitis without the pus or infection
57
psoriasis
- skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white-silver scales
- caused by an overproliferation of skin cells that replicate too fast
- immune dysfunction could be the cause
- usually found in patches on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower pack
58
pustule
raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the head of the pimple
59
retention hyperkeratosis
hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up and do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin
60
scale
- flaky skin cells
- any thin plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily
- ex. abnormal or excessive dandruff
61
scar
- light-colored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed up
- tissue hardens to heal the injury
- elevated scars are hypertrophic; ex. a keloid is a hypertrophic (abnormal) scar
62
sebaceous filaments
similar to open comedones, these are mainly solidified impactions of oil without the cell matter
63
sebaceous hyperplasia
- benign lesions frequently seen in oilier areas of the face
- overgrowth of the sebaceous gland, they appear similar to open comedones
- often doughnut-shaped, with sebaceous material in the center
64
seborrhea
- severe oiliness of the skin
- abnormal secretion from the sebaceous glands
65
seborrheic dermatitis
- common form of eczema
- mainly affects oily areas
- characterized by inflammation, scaling, and/or itching
66
secondary lesions
skin damage, developed in the later stages of disease, that changes the structure of tissues or organs
67
skin tag
- small, benign outgrowths or extensions of the skin that look like flaps
- common under the arms or on the neck
68
squamous cell carcinoma
- type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma
- characterized by scaly, red or pink papules or nodules
- appear as open sores or crusty areas
- can grow and spread in the body
69
stain
- brown or wine-colored discoloration with a circular and/or irregular shape
- occur after certain diseases, or after moles, freckles, or liver spots disappear
- a port wine stain is a birthmark, which is a vascular type of nevus
70
steatoma
- also called a wen
- sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum
- ranges in size from a pea to an orange
- usually appears on the scalp, neck, and back
71
tan
- increase in pigmentation due to the melanin production that results from exposure to UV radiation
- visible skin damage
- designed to help protect the skin from the sun's UV radiation
72
tinea
- contagious condition caused by fungal infection and not a parasite
- characterized by itching, scales, and, sometimes, painful lesions
73
tinea corporis
- aka. ringworm
- contagious infection that forms a ringed, red pattern with elevated edges
74
tubercle
- abnormal rounded, solid lump
- larger than a papule
75
tumor
- large nodule
- abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive cell multiplication and varying in size, shape, and color
76
ulcer
- open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth
- deep erosion
- depression in the skin, normally due to infection or cancer
77
urticaria
- aka. hives
- caused by an allergic reaction from the body's histamine production
- can also be caused by exposure to allergens used in products
78
varicose veins
- vascular lesions
- dilated and twisted veins, most commonly in the legs
79
vasodilation
vascular dilation of the blood vessels
80
verruca
- aka. wart
- hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis caused by a virus
- infectious and contagious
81
vesicle
- small blister or sac containing clear fluid
- poison ivy and poison oak produce vesicles
82
vitiligo
- pigmentation disease characterized by white patches on the skin from lack of pigment cells
- sunlight makes it worse
83
wheal
- itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction, or stings
- ex. hives and mosquito bites
