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milady esthetics > ch 11 - vocabulary / terms > Flashcards

ch 11 - vocabulary / terms Flashcards

1
Q

acne

A
  • commonly known as acne simplex or acne vulgaris
  • chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands that is characterized by comedones and blemishes
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2
Q

acne excoriee

A

disorder where clients purposely scrape off acne lesions, causing scarring and discoloration

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3
Q

actinic keratoses

A
  • pink or flesh-colored precancerous lesions that feel sharp or rough
  • resulting from sun damage
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4
Q

albinism

A
  • absence of melanin pigment in the body, including skin, hair, and eyes
  • technical term for albinism is congenital leukoderma or congenital hypopigmentation
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5
Q

anhidrosis

A

deficiency in perspiration, often a result of a fever or skin disease, that requires medical treatment

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6
Q

asteatosis

A

dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency, which can be due to aging, body disorders, alkalies of harsh soaps, or cold exposure

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7
Q

atopic dermatitis

A
  • excess inflammation
  • dry skin, redness, and itching from allergies and irritants
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8
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A
  • most common and the least severe type of skin cancer, which often appears as light, pearly nodules
  • characteristics include sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with an elevated border
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9
Q

bromhidrosis

A

foul-smelling perspiration, usually in the armpits or on the feet

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10
Q

bulla
(plural: bullae)

A
  • large blister containing watery fluid
  • similar to a vesicle, but larger
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11
Q

carbuncle

A
  • cluster of boils
  • large inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci bacterium
  • similar to furuncle (boil) but larger
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12
Q

chloasma

A
  • aka. liver spots
  • condition characterized by hyperpigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated
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13
Q

comedo
(plural: comedones)

A
  • mass of hardened sebum and skin cells in a hair follicle
  • an open comedo or blackhead when open and exposed to oxygen
  • closed comedones are whiteheads that are blocked and do not have a follicular opening
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14
Q

comedogenic

A

tendency for an ingredient to clog follicles and cause a buildup of dead skin cells, resulting in comedones

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15
Q

conjunctivitis

A
  • aka. pinkeye
  • very contagious infection of the mucous membranes around the eye
  • chemical, bacterial, or viral causes
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16
Q

contact dermatitis

A
  • inflammatory skin condition caused by contact with a substance or chemical
  • occupational disorders from ingredients in cosmetics and chemical solutions can cause contact dermatitis (aka. dermatitis venenata)
  • allergic contact dermatitis is from exposure to allergies
  • irritant contact dermatitis is from exposure to irritants
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17
Q

crust

A
  • dead cells form over a wound or blemish while it is healing, resulting in an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material
  • ex. scab on a sore
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18
Q

cyst

A

closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin

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19
Q

dermatitis

A
  • any inflammatory condition of the skin
  • various forms of lesions such as eczema, vesicles, or papules
  • the three main categories are atopic, contact, and seborrheic dermatitis
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20
Q

dermatologist

A

physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails

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21
Q

dermatology

A

medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment

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22
Q

eczema

A
  • inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, with dry or moist lesions
  • this condition should be referred to a physician
  • seborrheic dermatitis, mainly affecting oily areas, is a common form of eczema
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23
Q

edema

A

swelling caused by a fluid imbalance in cells or a response to injury or infection

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24
Q

erythema

A
  • redness caused by inflammation
  • a red lesion is erythemic
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25
Q

excoriation

A

skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping

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26
Q

fissure

A
  • crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis
  • ex. chapped lips or hands
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27
Q

folliculitis

A
  • aka. folliculitis barbae, sycosis barbae, or barber’s itch
  • inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs
  • cause is typically from ingrown hairs due to shaving or other epilation methods
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28
Q

furuncle

A
  • aka. boil
  • subcutaneous abscess filled with pus
  • caused by bacteria in the glands or hair follicles
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29
Q

herpes simplex virus 1

A
  • strain of the herpes virus that causes fever blisters or cold sores
  • it is a recurring, contagious viral infection consisting of a vesicle or group of vesicles on a red, swollen base
  • usually appear on the lips or nostrils
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30
Q

herpes simplex virus 2

A

strain of the herpes virus that infects the genitals

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31
Q

herpes zooster

A
  • aka. shingles
  • a painful viral infection skin condition from the chickenpox virus
  • characterized by groups of blisters that form a rash in a ring or line
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32
Q

hyperhidrosis

A
  • also called diaphoresis
  • excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, medications, or medical conditions
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33
Q

hyperkeratosis

A

thickening of the skin caused by a mass of keratinized cells (keratinocytes)

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34
Q

hyperpigmentation

A

over-production of pigment

35
Q

hypertrophy

A
  • abnormal growth of the skin
  • many are benign, or harmless
36
Q

hypopigmentation

A

absence of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches

37
Q

impetigo

A

contagious skin infection caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria, characterized by clusters of small blisters or crusty lesions and often occurring in children

38
Q

keloid

A

thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue (collagen)

39
Q

keratoma

A
  • acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis
  • a callus is a keratoma caused by continued, repeated pressure or fiction on any part of the skin, especially the hands and feet
40
Q

keratosis
(plural: keratoses)

A

abnormally thick buildup of cells

41
Q

keratosis pilaris

A
  • aka. KP or chicken skin
  • redness and bumpiness common on the cheeks or upper arms
  • caused by blocked hair follicles
  • the patches of irritation are accompanied by a rough texture and small pinpoint of white milia
42
Q

lentigo

A
  • freckles
  • small, yellow-brown colored spots
  • lentigenes that result from sunlight exposure are actinic, or solar, lentigenes
  • patches are referred to as large macules
43
Q

lesions

A
  • mark, wound, or abnormality
  • structural changes in tissues caused by damage or injury
44
Q

leukoderma

A
  • skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches
  • congenital, acquired, post-inflammatory, or other causes that destroy pigment-producing cells
  • ex. vitiligo and albinism
45
Q

macule
(plural: maculae)

A
  • flat spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle
  • neither raised nor sunken
46
Q

malignant melanoma

A
  • most serious form of skin cancer as it can spread quickly (metastasize)
  • black or dark patches on the skin are usually uneven in texture, jagged, or raised
  • melanomas may have surface crust or bleed
47
Q

milia

A
  • epidermal cysts
  • small, firm papules with no visible opening
  • whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin
  • more common in dry skin types and may form after skin trauma, such as a laser resurfacing
48
Q

miliaria rubra

A
  • aka. prickly heat
  • acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands resulting in the eruption of red vesicles and burning, itching skin from excessive heat exposure
49
Q

mole

A
  • pigmented nervus
  • brownish spot ranging in color from tan to bluish black
  • can be flat like freckles or raised and darker
50
Q

nevus

A
  • aka. birthmark
  • malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries
51
Q

nodules

A

often referred to as tumors, but these are smaller bumps caused by conditions such as scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections

52
Q

papule

A
  • pimple
  • small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus
53
Q

perioral dermatitis

A
  • acne-like condition around the mouth
  • mainly small clusters of papules that could be caused by toothpaste or products used on the face
54
Q

primary lesions

A
  • characterized by flat, nonpalpable changes in skin color such as macules or patches, or an elevation formed by fluid in a cavity, such as vesicles, bullae, or pustules
55
Q

pruitis

A

persistent itching

56
Q

pseudofolliculitis

A
  • aka. razor bumps
  • resembles folliculitis without the pus or infection
57
Q

psoriasis

A
  • skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white-silver scales
  • caused by an overproliferation of skin cells that replicate too fast
  • immune dysfunction could be the cause
  • usually found in patches on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower pack
58
Q

pustule

A

raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the head of the pimple

59
Q

retention hyperkeratosis

A

hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up and do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin

60
Q

scale

A
  • flaky skin cells
  • any thin plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily
  • ex. abnormal or excessive dandruff
61
Q

scar

A
  • light-colored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed up
  • tissue hardens to heal the injury
  • elevated scars are hypertrophic; ex. a keloid is a hypertrophic (abnormal) scar
62
Q

sebaceous filaments

A

similar to open comedones, these are mainly solidified impactions of oil without the cell matter

63
Q

sebaceous hyperplasia

A
  • benign lesions frequently seen in oilier areas of the face
  • overgrowth of the sebaceous gland, they appear similar to open comedones
  • often doughnut-shaped, with sebaceous material in the center
64
Q

seborrhea

A
  • severe oiliness of the skin
  • abnormal secretion from the sebaceous glands
65
Q

seborrheic dermatitis

A
  • common form of eczema
  • mainly affects oily areas
  • characterized by inflammation, scaling, and/or itching
66
Q

secondary lesions

A

skin damage, developed in the later stages of disease, that changes the structure of tissues or organs

67
Q

skin tag

A
  • small, benign outgrowths or extensions of the skin that look like flaps
  • common under the arms or on the neck
68
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma
  • characterized by scaly, red or pink papules or nodules
  • appear as open sores or crusty areas
  • can grow and spread in the body
69
Q

stain

A
  • brown or wine-colored discoloration with a circular and/or irregular shape
  • occur after certain diseases, or after moles, freckles, or liver spots disappear
  • a port wine stain is a birthmark, which is a vascular type of nevus
70
Q

steatoma

A
  • also called a wen
  • sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum
  • ranges in size from a pea to an orange
  • usually appears on the scalp, neck, and back
71
Q

tan

A
  • increase in pigmentation due to the melanin production that results from exposure to UV radiation
  • visible skin damage
  • designed to help protect the skin from the sun’s UV radiation
72
Q

tinea

A
  • contagious condition caused by fungal infection and not a parasite
  • characterized by itching, scales, and, sometimes, painful lesions
73
Q

tinea corporis

A
  • aka. ringworm
  • contagious infection that forms a ringed, red pattern with elevated edges
74
Q

tubercle

A
  • abnormal rounded, solid lump
  • larger than a papule
75
Q

tumor

A
  • large nodule
  • abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive cell multiplication and varying in size, shape, and color
76
Q

ulcer

A
  • open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth
  • deep erosion
  • depression in the skin, normally due to infection or cancer
77
Q

urticaria

A
  • aka. hives
  • caused by an allergic reaction from the body’s histamine production
  • can also be caused by exposure to allergens used in products
78
Q

varicose veins

A
  • vascular lesions
  • dilated and twisted veins, most commonly in the legs
79
Q

vasodilation

A

vascular dilation of the blood vessels

80
Q

verruca

A
  • aka. wart
  • hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis caused by a virus
  • infectious and contagious
81
Q

vesicle

A
  • small blister or sac containing clear fluid
  • poison ivy and poison oak produce vesicles
82
Q

vitiligo

A
  • pigmentation disease characterized by white patches on the skin from lack of pigment cells
  • sunlight makes it worse
83
Q

wheal

A
  • itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction, or stings
  • ex. hives and mosquito bites

milady esthetics (46 decks)

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