ch 5 - vocabulary / terms Flashcards
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
- abbreviated AIDS
- a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system
- AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
acquired immunity
immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation (such as flu vaccinations), or through exposure to natural allergens such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed
allergy
reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances
antiseptics
- chemical germicides formulated for use on skin
- registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
aseptic procedures
a process of properly handling sterilized and disinfected equipment and supplies to reduce contamination
asymptomatic
showing no symptoms or signs of infection
autoclave
a device for sterilization by steam under pressure
bacilli
- short rod-shaped bacteria
- they are the most common bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria
bacteria
(singular : bacterium)
- one-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics
- some are harmful
- some are harmless
bactericidal
capable of destroying bacteria
binary fission
the division of bacteria cells into two new cells called daughter cells
bioburden
the number of viable organisms in or on an object or surface or the organic material on a surface or object decontamination or sterilization
bloodborne pathogens
disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV
body substance isolation
- abbreviated BSI
- a system of precautions developed by a Seattle hospital in 1987 to prevent contact with bodily substances and fluids by using protective apparel to prevent the spread of communicable disease
chelating soaps
- aka. chelating detergents
- detergents that break down stubborn films and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salts, and masks
clean
- aka. cleaning
- a mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs
- cleaning also removes invisible debris that interferes with disinfection
cocci
- round-shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in groups
- the three type of cocci are staphylococci, streptococci, and diplococci
contagious disease
- aka. communicable disease
- a disease that is spread from one person to another person
- some of the more contagious diseases are the common cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis (pinkeye), viral infections, and natural nail or toe and foot infections
contamination
- the presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, or blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface or visible debris or residues such as dust, hair, and skin
cross-contamination
contamination that occurs when you touch one object and then transfer the contents of that object to another, such as touching skin, then touching a product without washing your hands
decontamination
the removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface and the removal of viable debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin
dermatophytes
a type of fungi that causes skin, hair, and nail infections
diagnosis
- determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic tests
- federal regulations prohibit salon professionals from performing a diagnosis
diplococci
spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia
direct transmission
transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking
disease
an abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or it’s systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function
disinfectants
chemical products that destroy all bacterial, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces
disinfection
- aka. disinfecting
- the process that eliminates most, but not necessarily all, microorganisms on nonporous surfaces
- this process is not effective against bacterial spores
efficacy
the ability to produce an effect
exposure incident
contact with nonintact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employee’s duties
flagella
- aka. cilia
- slender, hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion (moving about)
folliculitis
- aka. folliculitis barbae, sycosis barbae, or barber’s itch
- inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs
- the cause is typically from ingrown hairs due to shaving or other epilation methods
fungi
(singular : fungus)
- microscopic plant parasites, which include molds, mildews, and yeast
- can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm
fungicidal
capable of destroying fungi
hepatitis
a bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver
hospital disinfectants
disinfectants that are effective for cleaning blood and body fluids
human immunodeficiency virus
- abbreviated HIV
- a pathogen that is most of them the precursor to acquire immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- by impairing or killing the immune system affect with it, HIV progressively destroys the body’s ability to fight infections or certain cancers
human papillomavirus
- abbreviated HPV
- aka. plantar warts
- a virus that can infect the bottom of the foot and resembles small black dots, usually in clustered groups
immunity
- the ability of the body to destroy and resist infection
- immunity against disease can be either natural or acquired and is a sign of good health
indirect transmission
transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface
infection
the invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens
infection control
the methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms
infectious
caused by it capable of being transmitted by infection
infectious disease
- disease caused by pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms that enter the body
- an infectious disease may or may not be spread from one person to another person
inflammation
- condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection
- characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling
local infection
an infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus
Material Safety Data Sheet
- abbreviated MSDS
- information complied by the manufacturer about product safety, including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk or accidental harm or overexposure, and flammability warnings
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
- abbreviated MRSA
- a type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics
microorganisms
any organism is microscopic or submicroscopic size
mildew
a type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects, but does not cause human infections in the salon
motility
self-movement
multiuse
- aka. reusable
- items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid
mycobacterium fortuitum
a microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water in small numbers
natural immunity
immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living
nonpathogenic
harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm
nonporous
an item that is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids
occupational disease
illness resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients
parasites
- organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as the host), while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism
- parasites must have host to survive
parasitic disease
disease caused by parasites, such as lice and mites
pathogenic
harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body
pathogenic disease
disease produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
personal protective equipment
- abbreviated PPE
- protective clothing and devices designed to protect an individual from contact with bloodborne pathogens
- gloves, fluid-resistant lab coat, apron or gown, googles or eye shield, and face masks that cover the nose and mouth
phenolic disinfectants
- powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants
- they are a form of formaldehyde, have a very high pH, and can damage the skin and eyes
porous
- made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings
- porous items are absorbent
pus
a fluid created by infection
quaternary ammonium componds
- aka. quats
- disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the salon
sanitizing
a chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level
scabies
a contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin
single-use
- aka. disposable
- items that cannot be used more than once
- these items cannot be properly cleaned so that all visible residue is removed, or they are damaged or contaminated by cleaning and disinfecting in exposure incident
sodium hypochlorite
- common household bleach
- an effective disinfectant for the salon
spirilla
- spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that cause diseases such as syphilis and Lyme disease
Standard Precautions
- abbreviated SP
- precautions such as wearing PPE to prevent skin and mucous membrane where contact with a client’s blood, body fluids, secretions (except sweat), nonintact skin, and mucous membranes is likely
- workers must assume that all blood and body fluids are potential sources of infection, regardless of the perceived risk
staphylococci
- pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes
- they cause abscesses, pustules, and boils
sterilization
the process that complete destroys all microbial life, including spores
streptococci
- pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads
- they cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning
systemic disease
- disease that affects the body as a whole, often due to under-functioning or over-functioning of internal glands or organs
- this disease is carried through the blood stream or lymphatic system
tinea pedis
a ringworm fungus of the foot or athlete’s foot
tinea versicolor
- aka. sun spots
- a noncontagious fungal infection which is characterized by white or varicolored patches on the skin and is often found on arms and legs
toxins
various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses)
tuberculocidal disinfectants
disinfectants that kill the bacteria that caused tuberculosis
tuberculosis
a disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing and sneezing
Universal Precautions
- abbreviated UP
- a set of guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens
virucidal
capable of destroying viruses
virus
(plural : viruses)
- a parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of biological organisms
- a virus is capable of replication only through taking over the host cell’s reproductive function
