ch 10 - vocabulary / terms Flashcards
1
Q
apocrine glands
A
coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm and genital areas that secrete sweat
2
Q
arrector pili muscle
A
- sometimes called goose bumps and papillae
- small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that causes goose flesh when the appendage contracts
3
Q
barrier function
A
- protective barrier of the epidermis
- the corneum and intercellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration
4
Q
ceramides
A
glycolipid materials that are a natural part of the skin’s intercellular matrix and barrier function
5
Q
collagen
A
- fibrous, connective tissue made from protein
- found in the reticular layer of the dermis
- gives skin its firmness
- topically, a large, long-chain molecular protein that lies on the top of the skin and binds water
- derived from the placentas of cows or other sources
6
Q
corneocytes
A
- another name for a stratum corneum cell
- hardend, waterproof, protective keratinocytes
- these “dead” protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei
7
Q
dermal papillae
A
- membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis
- contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to skin and follicles
8
Q
dermis
A
- aka. derma, corium, cutis, or true skin
- support layer of connective tissue, collagen, and elastin below the epidermis
9
Q
desmosomes
A
- structures that assist in holding cells together
- intercellular connections made of proteins
10
Q
eccrine glands
A
- sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin’s surface through pores
- not attached to hair follicles, secretions do not produce an offensive odor
11
Q
elastin
A
- protein fiber found in the dermis
- gives skin its elasticity and firmness
12
Q
epidermal growth factor
A
- abbreviated EGF
- stimulates cells to reproduce and heal
13
Q
epidermis
A
- outermost layer of skin
- a thin, protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings
- made up of five layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum
14
Q
eumelanin
A
- type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color
- people with dark skin mostly produce eumelanin
15
Q
fibroblasts
A
cells that stimulate cells, collagen, and amino acids that form proteins
16
Q
follicles
A
hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are tube-like openings in the epidermis
17
Q
glycation
A
- caused by an elevation in blood sugar
- the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures, known as Advanced Glycation End products (AGES)
- alters protein structures and decreases biological activity
18
Q
hair papillae
A
- cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb
- the papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment
19
Q
hyaluronic acid
A
- hydrating fluids found in the skin
- hydrophilic agent with water-binding properties
20
Q
hydrolipidic
A
hydrolipidic film is an oil-water balance that protects the skin’s surface
21
Q
intercellular matrix
A
lipid substances between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation
22
Q
keratin
A
- fiberous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair, and nails
- provides resiliency and protection
23
Q
keratinocytes
A
epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins
24
Q
Langerhans immune cells
A
guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized foreign invaders, such as bacteria, and then process these antigens for removal through the lymph system
25
leukocytes
- white blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites
- these white blood cells also respond to allergies
26
lymph vessels
located in the dermis, these supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste
27
melanin
- tiny grains of pigment (coloring matter) that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis
- a protein that determines hair, eye, and skin color
- defense mechanism to protect skin from the sun
- two kinds: eumelanin and pheomelanin
28
melanocytes
cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer
29
melanosomes
pigment carrying granules that produce melanin, a complex protein
30
papillary layer
top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis
31
pheomelanin
- type of melanin that is red and yellow in color
- people with light-colored skin mostly produce pheomelanin
32
pores
tube-like opening for sweat glands on the epidermis
33
reticular layer
- deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients
- contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous (oil) glands, and nerve endings
34
rosacea
chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing (redness), telangiectasis (distended or dilated surface blood vessels), and, in some cases, the formation of papules and pustules
35
sebaceous glands
- aka. oil glands
- protect the surface of the skin
- appendages connected to follicles
36
sebum
oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and lubricates both the skin and hair
37
stratum corneum
- aka. horny layer
- outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of corneocytes
38
stratum germinativum
- aka. basal cell layer
- active layer of the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis
- cell mitosis takes place here that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth
39
stratum granulosum
- aka. granular layer
- layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules
- replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum
40
stratum lucidum
- clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum
- thickest of the palms of hands and soles of feet
41
stratum spinosum
- aka. spiny layer
- layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum (basal) layer containing desmosomes, the intercellular connections made of proteins
42
subcutaneous layer
- aka. hypodermis
- subcutaneous adipose (fat) tissue located beneath the dermis
- protective cushion and energy storage for the body
43
subcutis tissue
- aka. adipose tissue
- fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin
44
sudoriferous glands
- aka. sweat glands
- excrete perspiration, regulate body temperature, and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals
45
t-cells
identify molecules that have foreign peptides and also help regulate immune response
46
telangiectasia
- commonly called couperose skin
- capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended, blood vessels
47
transepidermal water loss
- abbreviated TEWL
- water loss caused by evaporation on the skin's surface
48
tyrosinase
enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin
49
UVA radiation
- aka. aging rays
- longer wavelengths raging between 320 to 400 nanometers that penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB
- cause genetic damage and cell death
- contributes up to 95% of the sun's ultraviolet radiation
50
UVB radiation
- aka. burning rays
- wavelengths between 290 to 320 nanometers
- shorter, burning wavelengths that are stronger and more damaging than UVA rays
- causes burning of the skin as well as tanning, skin aging, and cancer
