Ch 8.2 Lower Appendicular Flashcards
Os Coxae
- The hip bone
- Full fusion of illium, ischium, and pubis between 13-15 years old
- Illium
- Pubis
- Ischium
Os Coxae Articulations
- Anterior to opposite os coxae
- Posterior with sacrum
- Lateral with femur
Ilium
- Upper wide part
- Largest of coxal bones
- Makes up superior portion of os coxae and acetabulum
Ilium features
Ala
Arcuate line
Iliac fossa
Iliac crest
Spines
Greater sciatic notch
Auricular surface
Ala
- Wide, fan shaped portion
Arcuate Line
- Ridge along inferior border of the Ala
Iliac fossa
- Large depression on medial surface
Iliac crest
- Superior ridge
Spines
- Anterior and posterior, superior and inferior iliac spines
Greater sciatic notch
- For sciatic nerve
Auricular surface
- Medial articulation with sacrum
Pubis location
Front and Center
Pubis features
- Superior pubic ramus
- Inferior pubic ramus
- Obturator foramen
- Pubic crest
- Pectineal line
Superior/Inferior pubic ramus
handle bar portion
Obturator formaen
- Space bordered by pubic and ischial rami
Pubic Crest
- Rough ridge on anterosuperior of superior ramus
Pectineal line
Ridge on surface of pubis continuing from arcuate line of ilium
Ischium
- Bottom part
- Fuses with pubis anteriorly (4-8 years old)
- Ilium fuses with ischiobpubis portion at the superior margin of the acetabulum (14 years old)
Ischium features
Ischial spine
Ischial tuberosity
Ramus
Ischial Spine
Prominent
Ischial tuberosity
- Rough inferior projection that supports weight of body when seated
Ramus
Extends from tuberosity to Pubis
Lower limbs bone number
30
Thigh bone
Femur
Femur proximal features
- Longest, strongest and heaviest bone in body
- Head
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Femur distal features
Medial and lateral condyles
Medial and lateral epicondyles
Intercondylar fossa
Patellar surface
Femur head
- Articulates with os coxae acetabulum
- Fovea
- Pit on head for ligament attachment
Femur neck
Distal to head
Greater and lesser trochanter
- 2 bumps at top area of femur
- For attachment of muscles
Medial and lateral condyles
- Smooth rounded articular surfaces (tibia)
Medial and lateral epicondyles
- Projections superior to the condyles (muscle attachment)
Intercondylar fossa
- Deep posterior depression that separates the condyles
Patellar surface
- Smooth anterior region where the patella articulates
Kneecap bone
Patella
Patella characteristics
- Wrapped within tendon of quadriceps femurs muscle
- Articulates with patellar surface of femur
Shin bones
Tibia and Fibula
Tibia and Fibula features
- Two bones that make up the crural region
- Parallel to each other and connected by an interosseous membrane
- Tibia is medial fibula
- Tibia is the only weight-bearing bone
Bigger shin bone
Tibia
Tibia features
Medial and lateral condyles
Tibial tuberosity
Medial malleolus
Ingerior articular surface
Tibial tuberosity
- Rough anterior projection inferior to condyles
Medial malleolus
Inferior most prominant medial process
Inferior articular surface
For articulation with talus
Fibula features
- Proximal head with flat articular facet for articulation with the tibia
- Narrow neck and slender shaft
- Distal end expands into lateral malleolus, which stabilizes ankle joint
How many tarsals do you have
7
Where are tarsals located
Ankle
Name the tarsals
Calcaneous
Talus
Navicular
Cuneiforms (3)
Cuboid
Calcaneus
Largest
Heel bone
Talus
Superior bone
Weight bearing from tibia
Navicular
On medial side of ankle
Cuneiforms
3 of them
Wedge-shaped bones
Just below phalanges
Cuboid
Lateral side of ankle
On outside of foot next to cuneiforms
How many meta tarsals
5
Where are the metatarsals found
5 bones in sole of foot
Metatarsal articulation
- Proximally with tarsals
- Distally with phalanges
Metatarsal feature
- Identified by roman numerals I-V from medial to lateral
- Long toe bone
How many phalanges
14
3 for toes 2-5
Proximal, middle, distal
Great toe (hallux) has only 2 phalanges
No medial phalanx
