Ch 20 Heart Anatomy Flashcards
Number 1 cause of death globally is…
Cardiovascular disease
Development of the heart begins during week…?
week 3
- heart tubes form and fuse
Primitive heart is beating by day…?
day 22
Where is the base of the heart
wide superior portion
(top left if looking from the front)
Where is the apex of the heart
tapered inferior end
(bottom right if from front)
how big is the heart
size of fist
what is the pericardium
double walled sac surrounding the heart
3 types of pericardium
fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium
pericardial cavity
pericardium purpose
- Prevents friction, provides room to expand, resists excessive expansion
- Anchored to diaphragm inferiorly and sternum anteriorly
fibrous pericardium
outer wall, not attached to heart
serous pericardium
- Parietal layer-line fibrous pericardium
- Visceral layer (epicardium)- covering heart surface
pericardial cavity
- Space between parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium
- Filled with 5-30 mL of pericardial fluid
layers of the heart wall (superficial to deep)
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
epicardium characteristics
- Serous membrane of covering heart
- Thick adipose layer in regions
- Coronary blod vessels
myocardium characteristics
- Cardiac muscle: muscle spirals around heart
endocardium charactersitics
- Smooth inner lining of heart and blood vessels
- Covers valve surfaces
- Is continuous with endothelium of blood vessels
fibrous skeleton of the heart
- Framework of collagenous and elastic fibers
- Structural support for cardiac muscle and anchor for valve tissue
where is fibrous skeleton located
- located in myocardium
4 chambers of the heart
Right atria
Left atria
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Coronary sulcus separates…
- Separates atria and ventricles
Inter ventricular sulcus divides…
- Divides R ventricle from L (inter ventricular septum)
interatrial septum is the…
wall that separates atria
pectinate muscles
internal ridges of myocardium in right atrium
inter ventricular septum
wall that separates ventricles
trabecular carnae
internal ridges in both ventricles
papillary muscles
pillar like muscles inside cavity of the ventricles
left ventricular wall thickness
- Left ventricular wall is typically three times thicker than the right wall
what do the valves do
- Ensure one way flow of blood through the heart
Atrioventricular (AV) valves
- Control blood flow between atria and ventricles
Right AV is called the
tricuspid valve
Right AV valve has how many cusps
3
Left AV valve is called
Bicuspid (mitral)
How many cusps in Left AV valve
2 cusps
Chordae Tendinae connects…
AV valves to papillary muscles
Semilunar valves are named
Pulmonary valve
Aortic Valve
Pulmonary valve location
Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Aortic valve location
Between left ventricle and aorta
Types of cardiomyocytes
- Striated
- Branched cells
- Shirt
- Thick
- Central nucleus
Intercalated discs
join cardiomyocytes end to end
Interdigitating folds
interlock w each other increasing surface area of contact
Mechanical junctions
desmosomes
Electrical junctions
gap junctions
Hypertrophic heart
- Response to pressure or volume stress
2 types of hypertrophic heart
physiologic (athletes or pregnancy)
pathologic (disorders)
