Ch 3: Histology And Tissue Types Flashcards
Tissue
Group of similar cells performing the same function
Histology
Study of Tissues
Nervous Tissue
- Brain
- Spinal cord
- Excitable to send messages
Epithelial Tissue
- Lines glands
- Protection, secretion, absorption
Muscle Tissue
- Cardiac
- Smooth
- Skeletal
- Cells contract
Connective Tissue
- Fat
- Bone
- Tendon
- Support bind and protect organs
Avascular
means no blood cells
junction types
- Tight junction
- Gap junction
- Desmosome
basal
bottom
apical
top
Epithelial Characteristics
- Basal(bottom) and apical(top) surface
- One or more layers
- Form surfaces
- Closely adhered
- Polarity: apical and basal layer (basal membrane)
- Cellularity
- Avascular
- Means no blood cells
- Highly innervated
- High regeneration
- Form junctions
- Tight junction
- Gap junction
- Desmosome
Cell shape
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
Epithelial class
- Simple
- Pseudostratified columnar
- Stratified
2 types of epithelial
simple
stratified
simple squamous
alveoli
simple cuboidal
- Renal tubules
- Ducts of exocrine gland
- Germinal cuboidal cells (testes ovaries)
simple columnar
- Ciliated
- Lining of fallopian tube- Non ciliated
- Stomach lining
- Small intestine
- Non ciliated
Pseudo stratified columnar
- Long nucleus at top, small at bottom
- Goblet cells used for secretion
- Ciliated
- Nasal cavity
- Trachea & bronchial lining
- Non-ciliated
- Prostate lining
- Membrane of vas deferens
Stratified squamous - keratinized
- Skin
- Palm of hands
- Sole of feet
Stratified squamous - non-keratinized
- Oral cavity
- Vagina
- Rectum
Stratified cuboidal
- Lines sweat glands
- Salivary glands
- Mammary glands
Transitional
- Lining urinary tract
- Ureters
- Bladder
Regeneration
- Replacement of dead cells
Fibrosis
- Scar tissue development
Atrophy
Reduction in size or number
Necrosis
Pathological death of tissue
Infarction
cut off blood supply
Gangrene
insufficient blood supply
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
Hyperplasia
Cell multiplication
ie: calus
Hypertrophy
Enlargement of cells
ie: weightlifting
Neoplasia
Tumor development
Differentiation
- Specialization of form or function
Metaplasia
- Change from one tissue to another
Connective tissue function
- Bind organs
- Support
- Physical protection
- Immune protection
- Movement
- Storage
- Heat production
- Transport
collagen fiber
- Tough and flexible
- White fibers of tendons and ligaments - connective tissure
Reticular
- Thin collagen fiber
- Framework of spleen and lymph nodes
Elastic
- Stretch and recoil
- Abundent in lungs
Loose connective tissue
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Areolar
- Abundant
- Binds epithelia to deeper tissue
- Ie: skin(papillary layer of dermis), external openings
Adipose
- Stores energy
- Protection
- Ie:
- Packed around internal organs
Reticular
- Supports lymphatic organs
- Ie:
- Lymphoid organs
- Spleen
- Liver
Dense tissue
Regular
Irregular
Regular
- Highly organized fibers
- Mainly fibroblasts
- Ie:
- Tendons and ligaments
- Elastic tissue (vocal cords)
Irregular
- Random arrangement of fibers
- Resists stress
- Most of dermis
- Protective capsules
Supporting connective tissue
Cartilage
Bone
Cartilage types
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic
Hyaline
- Typically in trachea
- Purple blue cell like
Fibrocartilage
- Found in discs in spine
- Pink purple fibrous
Elastic
- Blue and bulbous
- Found in ear
Chondroblasts
- Cells that secrete cartilage matrix
Lacunae
- Small cavity that surrounds a chondrocyte
Chondrocyte
- Cartilage cells in lacunae
Bone type
Spongy
Compact
Compact Bone
- Central canal
- Lamellae
- Osteon
- Osteocytes
- Canaliculi
- Periosteum
Nervous tissue
- Neurological (glia) cells
- Support neurons
- Neurons
- Parts of cell
- Neurosoma
- Dendrites
- Axon
- Parts of cell
