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Anatomy > Ch 5 Integumentary system > Flashcards

Ch 5 Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

whats the largest organ

A

skin

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2
Q

integumetary derivitves

A
  • Nail
    • Hair
    • Glands (sweat, sebaceous)
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3
Q

integumentary functions

A
  • Protection
  • Water retention
  • Thermoregulation
  • Metabolic regulation (vitamin D)
  • Immune defense
  • Sensory reception
  • Secretion
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4
Q

3 layers of integument

A

epidermis
- superficial layer
dermis
- deep layer
hypodermis
- below dermis

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5
Q

epidermis

A
  • Epithelium of skin
  • Avascular
  • Keratinized
    • Stratified squamous
  • Sparse nerve endings
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6
Q

cells of the epidermis

A

keratinocytes
stem cells
melanocytes
merkel (tactile cells)
Dendric (langerhans) cells

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7
Q

keratinocytes

A

synthesize keratin

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8
Q

stem cells

A
  • Divide and produce keratinocytes
    • Only in status basale
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9
Q

melanocytes

A
  • Produces melanin
    • Found in stratus basale
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10
Q

merkel (tactile cells)

A
  • Touch receptors that join nerves
    • Found In stratus basale
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11
Q
  • Dendritic (langerhans) cells
A
  • Immune surveillance
    • Found in stratum spinosum, and stratum granulosum
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12
Q

Strata (layers) of epidermis
- From deep to superficial: (bottom to top)

A
  • Stratum basale
    • Stratum spinosum
    • Stratum granulosum
    • Stratum lucid
    • Stratum corneum
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13
Q
  • Stratum basale
A
  • Attached to basement membrane
    - Cell types:
    - Keratinocytes
    - Melanocytes
    - Tactile cells
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14
Q
  • Stratum spinosum
A
  • Several types of keratinocytes
    - Some epidermal dendrite cells (langerhans)
    - Phagocytic cells that initiate immune response
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15
Q
  • Stratum granulosum
A
  • 3-5 layers of keratinocytes
    - Cytoplasm fills with keratin filaments
    - Organelles begin to degrade
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16
Q
  • Stratum lucid
A
  • Thin and translucent
    - Present in thick skin (hands, feet)
    - Lack organelles- contain eleidin
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17
Q
  • Stratum corneum
A
  • Thickness varies (20-30 layers of dead cells)
    - Anucleated
    - Migration of cells from basale to corneum ~ 2 weeks
18
Q
  • Thick skin
A
  • Palms and soles of hands and feet
    • No hair
    • No sebaceous oil glands
    • High sweat glands
    • Adaptive for high friction
19
Q
  • Thin skin
A
  • Covers most of body
    • Hairy
    • Has both sebaceous and sweat glands
20
Q

Papillary layer of dermis

A
  • Composed areolar connective tissue
  • Dermal papillae - projections
    • Interlock with epidermal ridges
      • To increase surface area of region and protect
    • Contains capillaries and sensory receptors
21
Q

Reticular Layer

A
  • Deeper region
  • Primarily dense irregular connective tissue
  • Includes:
    • Blood vessels
    • Glands
    • Hair follicles
    • Nerves
22
Q
  • Dermal blood vessels
A
  • Help control body temperature and blood pressure
23
Q
  • Nerve fibers
A
  • Monitor sensory receptors
    • Control blood flow
    • Control glandular secretion
24
Q

Hypodermis

A
  • Not part of integument
  • Areolar and adipose tissue
  • Functions:
    • Protects underlying structures
    • Store energy
    • Thermal insulation
25
Q
  • Exocrine glands of skin
A

sweat glands
- Sebaceous glands

26
Q

sweat glands

A
  • Merocrine
    - Apocrine
    - Have coiled, tubular secretory portion deep layers
27
Q
  • Sebaceous glands
A
  • Secrete oily sebum
    - Lubrication: prevent drying
    - Inactive during childhood
28
Q

hair regions

A

hair bulb
hair root
hair shaft

29
Q

hair bulb

A

where hair originates

30
Q

hair root

A

deep to skin surface

31
Q

hair shaft

A

extends beyond skin surfaces

32
Q

arrector pilli muscles

A

attach to hair staff

33
Q

lanugo

A

hair on fetus

34
Q

villus

A
  • Fine and non pigmented, on most of body
35
Q

terminal hair

A

coarse and pigmented

36
Q

atopic dermatitis

A
  • Outer layer of skin has an alteration where allergens or viruses get into skin easy
37
Q

first degree burn

A

sun burn

38
Q

second degree burn

A
  • Deeper and blistering
    - To dermal layer
39
Q

third degree burn

A
  • Burns involve all layers of skin
40
Q

fourth degree burn

A
  • Burns extend to muscle and bone
    - Life threatening
    - Transplant needed
41
Q

skin cancer

A
  • Most common form of cancer
    • Chronic sun exposure is main risk factor
42
Q

three types of skin cancer

A
  • Basal cell carcinoma
    - Squamous cell carcinoma
    - Malignant Melanoma (melanocytes)

Anatomy (19 decks)

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