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Anatomy > CH 7 Articulations/Joints > Flashcards

CH 7 Articulations/Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Articulations (Joints)

A
  • Place where a bone meets bone, cartilage or teeth
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2
Q

Study of Joints

A

Anthrology

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3
Q

Classification of joints by structure

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

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4
Q

Classification of joints by function

A

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

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5
Q

fibrous joint

A
  • Held together by dense regular tissue
    - Immovable
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6
Q

cartilaginous joint

A
  • Bones joined by cartilage
    - Semi movable
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7
Q

synovial joint

A
  • Bones separated by fluid-filled cavity
    - Freely moveable
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8
Q

synarthrosis

A

immovable joint

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9
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

slightly movable

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10
Q

diarthrosis

A

freely movable

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11
Q

Gomphoses

A
  • Synarthroses
    - Teeth
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12
Q

Sutures

A
  • Sytnharthroses
    - Skull
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13
Q

Syndesmoses

A
  • Amphiarthroses
    - Tibia/fibula
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14
Q
  • Synchondroses
A

Cartilaginous
- Synarthroses
- Hyaline cartilage
- Epiphyseal plate
- Rib sternum connection

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15
Q
  • Symphyses
A

Cartilaginous
- Amphiarthroses
- Contain fibrocartilage
- Vertebrate discs

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16
Q

Synovial Joints

A
  • Freely mobile (diarthroses)
  • Joint cavity
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17
Q

Common Synovial Joints

A
  • Shoulder
    • Elbow
    • Knee
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18
Q

Synovial features

A

Articular capsule
Articular cartilage
Joint cavity
Ligaments
Bursae
Tendon sheaths

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19
Q

Articular capsule

A
  • Fibrous layer (outer)
    - Synovial membrane (synovial fluid)
    - Furthest outside layer
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20
Q
  • Articular cartilage
A
  • Layer of hyaline cartilage
    - Reduces friction
    - Shock absorber
    - On end of bone
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21
Q

Joint Cavity

A
  • Space between bones (synovial fluid)
    - Insides
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22
Q

Ligaments

A
  • Dense regular connective tissue
    - Strengthen and reinforce capsule
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23
Q

Bursae

A
  • Sacs outside synovial fluid
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24
Q
  • Tendon sheaths
A
  • Elongated bursae around tendons
    - Wrist
25
Q
  • Arthritis
A
  • Normal
    - Osteocytearthritis
    - Bone ends rub together
    - Rheumatoid
    - Swollen inflamed synovial membrane
    - Bone erosion
26
Q

3 classification of synovial joints

A

uniaxial
biaxial
multiaxial

27
Q

uniaxial

A
  • Moves in one plane
    - Pivot joints
    - Hinge joints
    - Plane joints
28
Q

pivot joints

A
  • Rotate on longitudinal axis
    - Vertebrae
29
Q

Hinge joints

A
  • Like hinge of a door
    - Humerus and ulna
30
Q

Plane joints

A
  • Side to side movement
    - Tarsals
31
Q

Biaxial

A
  • Moves in two planes
    - Condylar joints
    - Saddle joint
32
Q

Condylar joints

A
  • Concave surface + convex of other
    - Metacarpal + phalanx
33
Q

Saddle joint

A
  • Resemble saddle shape
    - Metacarpal and carpal
34
Q

Multiaxial joint

A

moves in three planes
Ball and socket joints

35
Q
  • Ball-and-socket joints
A
  • Spherical head into cuplike socket
    - Hips and elbows
36
Q
  • 4 types of motion
A

Gliding
Angular mortion
Rotation
Special movements

37
Q

Gliding

A
  • Articular surfaces sliding back and forth or side to side
    - Occurs in plane joints
    - Ie: carpals
38
Q

Angular motion

A
  • Increases or decreases the angle between bones
    Flexion
    Extension
    Hyperextension
    Lateral flexion
    Abduction
    Adduction
    Circumduction
39
Q

Flexion

A
  • Decreases joint angle
    - Bicep flex
    - Looking down
    - Wrist flipped down
    - Hamstring curl
40
Q

Extension

A
  • Straightens joint angle
    - Arm flat
    - Looking up
    - Wrist flipped up
    - Leg locked out
41
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Oblique curl

42
Q

Abduction

A
  • Lift arm up
    - Leg up to side
    - Wrist out lateral
    - Spread fingers
43
Q

Adduction

A
  • Arm at side
    - Leg at side
    - Wrist in medial
    - Radoiocarpal & ulna carpal
    - Fingers together
    - Metacarpophalangeal
    - Interphalangeal
44
Q

Circumduction

A
  • Arm circles
    - Gelnohumeral
    - Hip circles
    - Acetabulofemoral
45
Q

Rotation

A
  • Bone turns on its own longitudinal axis
46
Q

Lateral rotation

A
  • Forearm flipped out
    - Point toes out
47
Q

Medial rotation

A
  • Forearm flipped in
    - Point toes in
48
Q

Pronation

A
  • Palms back
49
Q

Supination

A
  • Palms forward
50
Q

Depression and elevation

A
  • Up and down
51
Q
  • Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
A
  • Toe up and toe down
52
Q
  • Inversion and eversion
A
  • On outside of foot and inside of foot
53
Q
  • Protraction and retraction
A
  • Chin out vs chin in
54
Q

Joints of pectoral girdle and upper limbs

A
  • Sternoclavicular joint
    • Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
    • Elbow joint
55
Q
  • Sternoclavicular joint
A
  • Diachronic joint (sternum and clavicle)
    - Supporting ligaments
    - Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular
    - Costoclavicular
    - Interclavicular
56
Q
  • Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
A
  • Diathrotic ball and socket joint (humerus and scapula)
    - Greatest range of movement (most unstable) of any joint in body
    - Tendon of biceps brachia long head
    - Rotator cuff muscles
57
Q
  • Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint ligaments
A
  • Coracoacromial
    - Coracohumeral
    - Glenohumeral
58
Q
  • Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint bursae
A
  • Subacromial
    - Sub deltoid
    - Sub scapular
59
Q
  • Elbow joint
A
  • Diathrotic hinge joint (humeroulnar and humeroradial)
    - Trochlea of humerus with trochlear notch of ulna
    - Capitulum of humerus with head of radius
    - Single articular capsule (both joints)

Anatomy (19 decks)

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