Ch 24 Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
basic functions
A
- Ingestion, transportation and break down go food; absorption of nutrients and expelling wastes
- Food mixed with saliva is a bolus
- Stomach converts bolus into chyme
2
Q
Structure of the digestive glands
A
GI Tract
- Accessory digestive organs
3
Q
- GI tract
A
- Oral cavity, pharynx
- Esophagus
- Stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus
4
Q
- Accessory digestive organs
A
- Teeth tongue, salivary glands
- Liver gallbladder and pancreas
5
Q
Anatomy of digestive tract
A
- Open tract to environment at both ends
- Material in tract considered to be external to body until it is absorbed by the cells
- In a strict sense, defected food residue was never in the body
- Majority of tract wall consists of 3 layers
6
Q
tract wall layers
A
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscular externa
- Muscular externa
- Serosa
7
Q
Mucosa
A
- Inner epithelium
- Lamina propria
- Muscular mucosa
8
Q
- Inner epithelium
A
- Simple columnar in majority
- Stratified squamous
9
Q
- Lamina propria
A
- Loose connective tissue layer
10
Q
- Muscular mucosa
A
- Thin layer of smooth muscle
- Creates grooves and ridges to enhance surface area
11
Q
Submucosa
A
- Thicker layer of loose connective tissue
- Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, a nerve plexus
- In some area mucus-secreting glands that lubricate into the lumen
12
Q
Muscular externa and serosa
A
- Inner circular layer
- Outer longitudinal layer
- Serosa is composed of a thin layer of areolar tissue topped by a simple squamous mesothelium
13
Q
- Functions of oral cavity
A
- Ingestion
- Taste
- Chewing and chemical digestion
- Swallow, speech, and respiration
14
Q
- Oral cavity boundaries
A
- Teeth and lips anteriorly; oropharynx posteriorly
- Palate superiorly; mylohyoid muscle inferiorly
15
Q
- Regions of oral cavity
A
- Vestibule - between cheeks or lips and gums
- Oral cavity proper - central to alveolar processes of jaw bones
16
Q
Salivary glands
A
- Parotid salivary glands: secrete 25-30% of saliva
- Submandibular salivary glands: produce 60-70% saliva
17
Q
Esophagus
A
- Straight muscular tube
- Begins: level between C6 and cricoid cartilage
- Extends from laryngopharynx to cardiac orifice of stomach
- Passes through esophageal hiatus in diaphragm
18
Q
- Lower esophageal sphincter
A
- Constrict beyond hiatus
- Prevents stomach contents from regurgitation
19
Q
location of stomach + function
A
- Located in upper left quadrant of abdomen
- Contains the mechanical and chemical digestion of bolus
- The bolus eventually is processed into paste-like chyme
20
Q
Cardia
A
meets esophagus at opening
21
Q
Fundus
A
dome shaped superior to cardiac orifice
22
Q
Body of stomach
A
largest regions; inferior to cardiac orifice and fungus
23
Q
Pylorus
A
funnel shaped terminal region at the bottom
24
Q
Greater curvature
A
inferior convex border
25
Q
Lesser curvature
A
superior concave border
26
Q
5 types of stomach wall cells
A
- Surface mucuous cells
- Mucous neck cells
- Parietal cells
- Chief cells
- Enteroendocrine cells
27
Q
- Stomach innervation
A
- Parasympathetic fibers from vagus
- Sympathetic fibers from celiac ganglia
28
Q
- Blood supply
A
- Branches of the celiac trunk
- Blood drained from stomach and intestines enter hepatic portal circulation and is filtered through liver before returning to heart
29
Q
Small intestine
A
- Almost all chemical digestion and absorption occurs here
- Longest part of GI tract
- 5m in living person, 8m in dead
30
Q
3 regions of small intestine
A
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
31
Q
Duodenum
A
- Retroperitoneal
- Begins at pyloric valve
- Pancreatic enzymes perform chemical digestion
- Duodenojejunal flexure - border between duodenum and jejunum
32
Q
Jejunum
A
- First 40% post duodenum
- Intraperitoneal
- Digestion and nutrient absorption occurs here
33
Q
Ilium
A
- Last 60% post duodenal small intestine
- Intraperiotneal
- Ileocecal junction - where the ileum joins the cecum of the large intestine
- Ill papilla- protrudes into cecum; regulates passage of food into large intestine
34
Q
Large intestine
A
- Eliminates feces by defecation
- Begins as cecum inferior to ideal papilla
- Appendix attached to lower end of cecum
35
Q
- Colonic regions
A
- Ascending colon, right colic flexure, transverse colon, left colic fixture, and descending colon
- Sigmoid colon is s-shaped leading into pelvic cavity
36
Q
- Rectum
A
- 4 curves and 3 inholdings called transverse rectal folds
37
Q
- Anal canal
A
- Pass through elevator ani muscle and pelvic floor
- Internal anal sphincter
- External anal sphincter
38
Q
Circulation of liver
A
- Superior mesenteric artery first 2/3
- Inferior mesenteric artery - last 1/3
39
Q
Liver
A
- Reddish brown organ located inferior to diaphragm
- Right upper abdominant quadrant
40
Q
liver functions
A
- Detoxification
- Metabolism
- Immune system
- Protein synthesis
- Production of bile
- Blood sugar balance
- Storage of micronutrients
- Production of cholesterol
41
Q
- 4 lobes of the liver
A
- Right
- Left
- Quadrate
- Caudate
42
Q
- Ligaments of liver
A
- Falciform ligament
- Separates left and right lobes- Round ligament
- Fibrous remnant of umbilical vein
- Carries blood from umbilical cord to liver of fetus
- Round ligament
43
Q
- Hilum
A
- Irregular opening between quadrate and caudate lobes
- Entry of hepatic portal vein and proper hepatic artery
- Exit for the bile ducts
44
Q
- Gall bladder
A
- Inferior surface of the liver, between right and quadrate lobes
