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Anatomy > Ch 21 Blood vessel Anatomy > Flashcards

Ch 21 Blood vessel Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are vessels

A

tubes of muscle that blood flows through

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2
Q

Cardiovascular system vs Circulatory system

A

Cardio: Heart and blood vessels
Circle: Heart, blood vessels and blood

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3
Q

Arteries

A

carry blood away

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4
Q

Veins

A

Bring blood to the heart

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5
Q

3rd type of blood vessel

A

capillaries

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6
Q

Blood vessel walls layers are called

A

tunics

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7
Q

3 tunic layers

A

tunic interna
tunic media
tunic externa (adventita)

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8
Q

tunic interna

A
  • Endothelium - simple squamous lining
    - Sub endothelial layer - areola connective tissue
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9
Q

tunic media

A
  • Smooth muscle (circular arrangement)
    - Sympathetic activity causes contraction resulting in vasoconstriction
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10
Q

tunic externa

A
  • Outer connective tissue - helps anchor blood vessel to surroundings
    - Vasa vasorum
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11
Q

Aneurysm

A
  • Weak region in artery or heart wall
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12
Q

common anuerysm locations

A
  • Abdominal aorta
    • Renal arteries
    • Arterial circle at base of brain
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13
Q

Microscopic comparison of artery and vein

A
  • Vein
    • Open w blood dots
  • Artery
    • Tight and closed w blood dots in middle
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14
Q

Elastic artery

A
  • Lots of fibers
    - Largest diameter
    - Walls contain elastic fibers throughout all tunicas
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15
Q

muscular arteries

A
  • Medium cells w medium fiber
    - Internal elastic lamina - between tunica intimate and media
    - External elastic lamina - between tunica media and externa
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16
Q

Arterioles

A
  • Very squamous looking
    - Smallest arteries
    - Have <6 cell layers of smooth muscle I tunica media
    - Vasoconstriction is important prior to arriving to capillaries
17
Q

muscular arteries examples

A
  • Brachial
    - Femoral
    - Renal
    - Splenic
18
Q

Elastic artery examples

A
  • Aorta
    - Common carotid
    - Brachiocephalic true
    - Pulmonary trunk
    - Common iliac
19
Q

Capillaries

A
  • The smallest blood vessels
  • Diameter only slightly larger than erythrocyte
  • Composed of tunica intima
20
Q

Capillary beds

A
  • Networks of 10-100 capillaries
  • Supplied by a single arteriole that branch into a metarteriole
  • At any given time 75% of body’s capillaries are shut down
    • Pre capillary sphincters control flow in capillary beds supplied by metarterioles
21
Q

3 types of capillaries

A

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoids

22
Q

continuous capillaries

A
  • Has thin arrow line and medium oval
    • Most common type
    • Endothelia cells have tight junctions
      • Continuous tube
    • Pericytes - contract and regulate blood flow
23
Q
  • Fenestrated capillaries
A
  • Looks ribbed with small ovals
    • Endothelia cells with small pores (fenestrations)
    • Allow rapid fluid exchange, passage of only small molecules
24
Q

Sinusoids capillaries

A
  • Thick arrow line and thick oval
    • Blood filled spaces with large fenestrations
    • Allow passage of proteins (albumin), clotting factors, and new blood cells
25
Q

fenestrated capillary location

A
  • Located in kidneys and small intestine
26
Q

sinusoid capillary location

A
  • Example of location
    - Liver, bone marrow, spleen
27
Q

Veins

A
  • Veins return blood to the heart
  • At rest, veins hold 60% of the body’s blood
28
Q

types of veins

A

venules
veins
large veins

29
Q

venules

A
  • Post capillary and muscular
    - Smallest veins (10-30mm)
    - Tunica intima with only a few fibroblasts around it
    - Venues merge to form veins
30
Q
  • Small and medium veins
A
  • Thin tunica media
    • Thick tunica externa
    • Tunica intima forms venous valves
    • Skeletal muscle pump propels venous blood back to the heart
31
Q

Large veins

A
  • Thin tunica media wit moderate amount of smooth muscle
    • Tunica externa is the thickest layer
32
Q

large vein examples

A
  • Vena cava (superior, inferior)
    - Pulmonary veins
    - Internal jugular veins
    - Renal veins
33
Q

Varicose veins

A
  • Blood pools in the lower legs
  • Cusps of the elves pull apart in enlarged veins
  • Hereditary weakness, obesity, and pregnancy promote problems
  • Hemorrhoids are varicose veins of the anal canal

Anatomy (19 decks)

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