Ch 25 Urinary System Flashcards
1
Q
basic function of urinary system
A
- Storage of urine
- Expulsion of urine
- Regulation of blood volume
- Regulation of erythrocyte
- Regulation of ion levels
- Regulation of acid-base balance
2
Q
Anatomy of Urinary system
A
- Kidneys 2
- Ureters 2
- Bladder - pelvic cavity
- Urethra
3
Q
Anatomy of kidney
A
- Kidneys are retroperitoneal
- Located at level of T12-L3
- Right kidney is ~ 2 cm lower bc of liver
4
Q
- Hilum
A
- Concave medial border
- Vessels, nerves, and ureter connect
- Hilum is continuous with the renal sinus
5
Q
- Connective tissue layers
A
- Paranephric fat
- Renal fascia
- Perinephric fat capsule
- Fibrous capsule
6
Q
- Renal sinus
A
- Cavity containing vessels, nerves, and urine-collecting structures
7
Q
- Renal parenchyma
A
- Glandular tissue - forms urine
- C-shaped in frontal section
- Encircles renal sinus
8
Q
- Renal parenchyma zones
A
- Outer renal cortex
- Inner renal medulla
9
Q
- Renal columns
A
- Extensions of cortex
10
Q
- Renal pyramids
A
- Renal medulla region
- ~8 pyramids
- Wide base facing cortex and Renal papilla facing sinus
11
Q
- Lobe of kidney
A
- A pyramid and its cortex
12
Q
- Minor cortex
A
- Next to renal papilla; collects urine
13
Q
- Major calyx
A
- Union of 2 or 3 minor calyces
14
Q
- Renal pelvis
A
- Union of major calyces
15
Q
Renal circulation
A
- Kidneys are only 0.4% of body weight but receive ~ 21% of cardiac output
- Arterial circulation
16
Q
- Arterial circulation
A
- Renal artery
- Interlobular artery
- Arcuate arteries
- Cortical radiate arteries
- Afferent arterioles
- Efferent arterioles
- Peritublar capillaries
17
Q
Innervation of kidneys
A
- Sensory and autonomic fibers
- Pain from kidneys is referred to dermatomes T10-L1
18
Q
- Sensory and autonomic fibers
A
- Renal plexus
- Alongside renal artery enters kidney at the hilum
19
Q
- Pain from kidneys is referred to dermatomes T10-L1
A
- Costovertebral angle
20
Q
functional unit of kidney
A
The nephron
21
Q
- 2 main parts of nephron
A
- Renal corpuscle
- Filtering the blood plasma- Renal tubule
- Converts filtrate into urine
- Renal tubule
22
Q
Types of nephrons
A
- Juxtamedullary nephrons
- Cortical nephrons
23
Q
- Juxtamedullary nephrons
A
- 15% of all nephrons
- Near corticomedullary junction
- Help conserve water
- Vasa recta wraps around nephron loop
24
Q
- Cortical nephrons
A
- 85% of nephrons
- Bulk resides in kidney cortex
- Peritubular capillaries wrap around proximal and distal convoluted tubes
25
Q
Nephron- renal corpuscle consists of
A
- Glomerus
- Glomerular capsule
- Vascular pole
- Afferent arterial enters the corpuscle and the efferent arteriole leaves
- Urinary pole
- Opposite side of corpuscle where renal tubule begins
26
Q
Renal Tubule 4 regions
A
- Proximal convoluted tubule PCT
- Nephron loop - loop of hence
- Distal convoluted tubule DCT
- Collecting duct CT
27
Q
Urinary tract
A
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra
28
Q
Ureters
A
- Retroperitoneal muscle tubes
- From hilum to kidney of bladder
29
Q
Urinary bladder
A
- Muscular sac on floor of pelvic cavity
- Retroperitoneal and posterior to pubic symphysis
30
Q
Trigone
A
triangular are on blades floor marked by openings of ureters and urethra
31
Q
Urethra
A
tube that conveys urine out of body
32
Q
- Female urethra
A
- 3-4 cm long, bound to anterior wall of vagina
- External urethral orifice is between vaginal orifice and clitoris
33
Q
- External urethral sphincter
A
- At pelvic floor
- Skeletal muscle - voluntary control
34
Q
- Male urethra 3 regions
A
- Prostatic urethra
- Membranous urethra - passes through muscular floor of pelvis
- Spongy urethra - passes through penis in corpus spongiosum
35
Q
- Internal urethral sphincter
A
- Detrusor muscle thickening
36
Q
- External urethral sphincter
A
- Skeletal muscle of pelvic floor
