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Anatomy > Ch 25 Urinary System > Flashcards

Ch 25 Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

basic function of urinary system

A
  • Storage of urine
  • Expulsion of urine
  • Regulation of blood volume
  • Regulation of erythrocyte
  • Regulation of ion levels
  • Regulation of acid-base balance
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2
Q

Anatomy of Urinary system

A
  • Kidneys 2
  • Ureters 2
  • Bladder - pelvic cavity
  • Urethra
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3
Q

Anatomy of kidney

A
  • Kidneys are retroperitoneal
  • Located at level of T12-L3
  • Right kidney is ~ 2 cm lower bc of liver
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4
Q
  • Hilum
A
  • Concave medial border
    • Vessels, nerves, and ureter connect
    • Hilum is continuous with the renal sinus
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5
Q
  • Connective tissue layers
A
  • Paranephric fat
    • Renal fascia
    • Perinephric fat capsule
    • Fibrous capsule
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6
Q
  • Renal sinus
A
  • Cavity containing vessels, nerves, and urine-collecting structures
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7
Q
  • Renal parenchyma
A
  • Glandular tissue - forms urine
    • C-shaped in frontal section
    • Encircles renal sinus
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8
Q
  • Renal parenchyma zones
A
  • Outer renal cortex
    • Inner renal medulla
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9
Q
  • Renal columns
A
  • Extensions of cortex
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10
Q
  • Renal pyramids
A
  • Renal medulla region
    • ~8 pyramids
    • Wide base facing cortex and Renal papilla facing sinus
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11
Q
  • Lobe of kidney
A
  • A pyramid and its cortex
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12
Q
  • Minor cortex
A
  • Next to renal papilla; collects urine
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13
Q
  • Major calyx
A
  • Union of 2 or 3 minor calyces
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14
Q
  • Renal pelvis
A
  • Union of major calyces
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15
Q

Renal circulation

A
  • Kidneys are only 0.4% of body weight but receive ~ 21% of cardiac output
  • Arterial circulation
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16
Q
  • Arterial circulation
A
  • Renal artery
    • Interlobular artery
    • Arcuate arteries
    • Cortical radiate arteries
    • Afferent arterioles
    • Efferent arterioles
    • Peritublar capillaries
17
Q

Innervation of kidneys

A
  • Sensory and autonomic fibers
  • Pain from kidneys is referred to dermatomes T10-L1
18
Q
  • Sensory and autonomic fibers
A
  • Renal plexus
    • Alongside renal artery enters kidney at the hilum
19
Q
  • Pain from kidneys is referred to dermatomes T10-L1
A
  • Costovertebral angle
20
Q

functional unit of kidney

A

The nephron

21
Q
  • 2 main parts of nephron
A
  • Renal corpuscle
    - Filtering the blood plasma
    • Renal tubule
      • Converts filtrate into urine
22
Q

Types of nephrons

A
  • Juxtamedullary nephrons
  • Cortical nephrons
23
Q
  • Juxtamedullary nephrons
A
  • 15% of all nephrons
    • Near corticomedullary junction
    • Help conserve water
    • Vasa recta wraps around nephron loop
24
Q
  • Cortical nephrons
A
  • 85% of nephrons
    • Bulk resides in kidney cortex
    • Peritubular capillaries wrap around proximal and distal convoluted tubes
25
Q

Nephron- renal corpuscle consists of

A
  • Glomerus
    • Glomerular capsule
    • Vascular pole
      • Afferent arterial enters the corpuscle and the efferent arteriole leaves
    • Urinary pole
      • Opposite side of corpuscle where renal tubule begins
26
Q

Renal Tubule 4 regions

A
  • Proximal convoluted tubule PCT
    • Nephron loop - loop of hence
    • Distal convoluted tubule DCT
    • Collecting duct CT
27
Q

Urinary tract

A
  • Ureters
  • Urinary bladder
  • Urethra
28
Q

Ureters

A
  • Retroperitoneal muscle tubes
  • From hilum to kidney of bladder
29
Q

Urinary bladder

A
  • Muscular sac on floor of pelvic cavity
  • Retroperitoneal and posterior to pubic symphysis
30
Q

Trigone

A

triangular are on blades floor marked by openings of ureters and urethra

31
Q

Urethra

A

tube that conveys urine out of body

32
Q
  • Female urethra
A
  • 3-4 cm long, bound to anterior wall of vagina
    • External urethral orifice is between vaginal orifice and clitoris
33
Q
  • External urethral sphincter
A
  • At pelvic floor
    • Skeletal muscle - voluntary control
34
Q
  • Male urethra 3 regions
A
  • Prostatic urethra
    - Membranous urethra - passes through muscular floor of pelvis
    - Spongy urethra - passes through penis in corpus spongiosum
35
Q
  • Internal urethral sphincter
A
  • Detrusor muscle thickening
36
Q
  • External urethral sphincter
A
  • Skeletal muscle of pelvic floor

Anatomy (19 decks)

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