Ch 14 Spinal Cord Nerves

Question 1

Spinal cord is a vital link between

Answer 1

Brain and body

Question 2

• Spinal nerves serve functions:

Answer 2

• Pathway for sensory and motor impulses
  
  • Responsible for reflexes-quickest reactions to stimuli

Question 3

Spinal cord extends from

Answer 3

• Foramen magnum to L1 vertebra

Question 4

What is the Conus Medullaris

Answer 4

• Tapering inferior end of cord

Question 5

What is the Cauda equina

Answer 5

• Horse’s tail
  
  • Axons/nerves extending from conus medullaris

Question 6

What is Film terminale

Answer 6

• Very thin strand go Pia mater attaching conus medullar is to coccyx

Question 7

Region of spine and their nerves

Answer 7

• Cervical C1-C8
  
  • Thoracic T1-T12
  • Lumbar L1-L5
  • Sacral S1-S5
  • Coccygeal Co1

Question 8

Where is Cervical enlargement

Answer 8

• Located at interior cervical region

Question 9

Where is Lumbosacral enlargement

Answer 9

• Lumbar and sacral regions

Question 10

• External surface of cord has two longitudinal depressions. What are they

Answer 10

• Posterior median sulcus
  
  • Anterior median fissure

Question 11

Where is the gray and white matter

Answer 11

• Gray matter (inner)
  
  • White matter (outer)

Question 12

Distribution of gray matter Subdivided into

Answer 12

Anterior horns
Lateral horns
Posterior horns
Gray commissure

Question 13

• Anterior horns features

Answer 13

• Somas of somatic motor neurons

Question 14

• Posterior horns features

Answer 14

• Axons of sensory neurons and cell bodies of interneurons

Question 15

• Gray commissure features

Answer 15

• Communication between right and left side

Question 16

• Functional groups of nuclei:

Answer 16

sensory nuclei (posterior horns)
Motor nuclei (anterior horns)

Question 17

sensory nuclei (posterior horns)

Answer 17

• Somatic sensory nuclei
  - Visceral sensory nuclei

Question 18

Motor nuclei (anterior horns)

Answer 18

• Somatic motor nuclei

Question 19

Distribution of white matter

Answer 19

• Three regions (funiculus or columns)
  
  • Posterior funiculus
  • Lateral funiculus
  • Anterior funiculus
  • White commissure

Question 20

Spinal cord meninges

Answer 20

• Dura mater
• Arachnoid mater
• Pia mater
• Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 21

Epidural anesthesia

Answer 21

• Abdominal, orthopedic and vascular surgeries
  
  • Example: relieve pain during labor

Question 22

• Lumbar epidural steroid injections for:

Answer 22

• Herniated discs
  
  • Degenerative disease
  • Foraminal spinal stenosis

Question 23

Epidural vs Spinal anesthesia

Answer 23

• Epidural anesthesia - more time for effect
• Spinal anesthesia - in the subarachnoid space, gives an immediate effect
• Causes immediate paresthesia (numbness) then anesthesia from the torso to the lower limbs
• Can cause a headache

Question 24

Spinal nerves pairs (how many?)

Answer 24

• 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 25

Nerve splits into…

Answer 25

branches called rami

Question 26

• Posterior ramus

Answer 26

• Innervates deep muscles and skin of back

Question 27

• Anterior ramus

Answer 27

• Innervates anterior trunk and the upper and Lower limbs

Question 28

Nerve plexuses do what

Answer 28

• Network of interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves
• Plexuses split into multiple nerves that innervate body

Question 29

• Major nerve plexuses

Answer 29

• Cervical
  
  • brachial
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral