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Anatomy > CH 12 Upper appendicular muscles > Flashcards

CH 12 Upper appendicular muscles Flashcards

1
Q

how many skeletal muscles

A

700

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2
Q
  • 3 types of muscle tissue
A
  • Skeletal
    • Smooth
    • Cardiac
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3
Q
  • Each organ has 4 tissue types
A
  • Skeletal muscle tissue
    • Connective tissue
    • Nerve tissue
    • Blood or vascular tissue
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4
Q

Skeletal muscle

A
  • Muscle is made of fascicles
  • A fascicle is a bundle of fibers (cells)
  • Muscle fibers contain myofibrils
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5
Q
  • Myofibrils
A
  • Composed of myofilaments
    - Actin (thin)
    - Myosin (thick)
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6
Q

Skeletal muscle organization levels

A
  • Muscle
    • Fascicle
    • Muscle fiber
    • Myofibril
    • Myofilament
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7
Q

Muscle

A
  • Whole circle
    - Covered with epimysium
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8
Q
  • Fascicle
A
  • Small circle in the big circle
    - Covered with perimysium
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9
Q
  • Muscle fiber
A
  • Third circle
    - Covered in endomysium
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10
Q
  • Myofibril
A
  • Long cylindrical contractile element of muscle fiber
    - Not covered w connective tissue
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11
Q
  • Myofilament
A
  • Short contractile proteins of thick and thin myosin and actin
    - No connective tissue covering
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12
Q
  • Connective tissue components
A
  • Superficial fascia
    • Deep fascia
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13
Q
  • Superficial fascia
A
  • Separates muscle from skin
    - Areolar and adipose tissues
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14
Q

Deep fascia

A
  • External to epimysium
    - Bind muscles with similar functions
    - Dense irregular connective tissue with vessels and nerves
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15
Q
  • Compartment syndrome
A
  • Swelling of muscles causing compression of nerves and vessels
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16
Q

Where does muscle attach

A

Tendon

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17
Q

Tendon

A
  • Attaches muscle to bone, skin, or other muscle
    - Rope likfe structure
    - Some form aponeurosis
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18
Q
  • Muscle fiber organization form 4 patterns
A
  • Circular
    - Mouth
    - Convergent
    - Pectoralis major
    - Parallel
    - Extensor digititorum longus
    - Pennate
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19
Q
  • Actions of skeletal muscle
A

Agonist
Antagonist
Synergist

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20
Q

Agonist

A
  • Contraction produces the movement
    - “Prime” mover
    - Tricep contract
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21
Q
  • Antagonist
A
  • Muscle whose action opposes an agonist
    - Bicep relax
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22
Q
  • Synergist
A
  • Muscle that assists agonist in performing its action
23
Q

Muscles named via multiple criteria

A
  • Muscle action
    - Adductor Magnus
    - Specific body regions
    - Tibialis anterior
    - Muscle attachment
    - Sternocleidomastoid
    - Orientation of muscle fibers
    - Rectus abdominis
    - Muscle shape and size
    - Trapezius
    - Muscle heads/proximal tendon
    - Biceps brachii
24
Q

Origins and insertions are also called…

A

proximal attachments and distal attachments

25
Q
  • Muscles that stabilize the scapula
A

subclavius
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior

26
Q

subclavius

A
  • Right below clavicle
27
Q
  • Pectoralis minor
A
  • Shoulder to pec
28
Q
  • Serratus anterior
A
  • Rib to sternum
29
Q
  • Muscles that move or stabilize scapula
A
  • Elevators
    • Depressors
    • Superior rotators
    • Inferior rotators
30
Q

Elevator muscles

A
  • Trapezius
    - Levator scapulae
    - Romboid minor
    - Rhomboid major
31
Q

Depressor muscles

A
  • Trapezius (inferior part)
    - Pectoralis minor
32
Q
  • Superior rotators
A
  • Serratus anterior
    - Trapezius (superior)
33
Q
  • Inferior rotators
A
  • Rhomboid major
    - Rhomboid minor
    - Levator scapulae
34
Q

Winged Scapular

A
  • Loss of scapular stability
35
Q

Glenohumeral Joint/arm

A
  • 11 muscles work in region
  • 2 attach to trunk (prime movers of joint)
  • 9 muscles attach to scapula
    • Rotator cuff muscles (4)
36
Q
  • 2 attach to trunk (prime movers of joint)
A
  • Pectoralis major
    • Latissimus dorsi
37
Q
  • 9 muscles attach to scapula
    • Rotator cuff muscles (4)
A
  • Biceps brachii
    • Triceps brachii
    • Deltoid
    • Coracobrachialis
    • Teres Major
      • Supraspinatus
      • Subscapularis
      • Infraspinatus
      • Teres minor
38
Q
  • Rotator cuff injuries
A
  • Tendinitis
    • Bursitis
    • Strains and tear
39
Q

Anterior compartment

A
  • Elbow flexors
    - Bicep brachii
    - Brachial
    - Brachioradialis
40
Q
  • Posterior compartment
A
  • Elbow extensors
    - Triceps brachii
    - Anconeus
41
Q
  • Pronators in forearm
A
  • Anterior
    - Pronator teres
    - Pronator quadratus
42
Q
  • Supinator of forearm
A
  • Posterior
    - Supinator
    - Biceps brachii (synergistic)
43
Q
  • Anterior compartment of wrist
A
  • Flex wrist
    • Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and/ or interphalangeal (IP) joints
44
Q

Posterior compartment of wrist

A
  • Extend wrist
    • MCP joints
    • IP joints
45
Q

Tendons of flexors held in place by

A

flexor retinaculum

46
Q
  • Carpal tunnel
A
  • Space between carpal bones and flexor retinaculum
47
Q

Tendons of extensors held in place by

A

extensor retinaculum

48
Q
  • Superficial layer of Anterior forearm muscles
A
  • Pronator teres
    - Flexor carpi radialis
    - Palmaris longus
    - Flexor crepe ulnaris
49
Q
  • Intermediate layer of Anterior forearm muscles
A
  • Flexor digitorum superifialis
50
Q
  • Deep layer of Anterior forearm muscles
A
  • Flexer pollicis longus
    - Flexor digitorum profundus
    - Pronator quadratus
51
Q
  • Superficial layer of Posterior forearm muscles
A
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus
    - Extensor carpi radialis brevis
    - Extensor digitorum
    - Extensor digiti minimi
    - Extensor carpi ulnaris
52
Q
  • Deep layer of Posterior forearm muscles
A
  • Abductor pollicis longus
    - Extensor pollicis brevis
    - Extensor pollicis longus
    - Extensor indicis
    - Supinator
53
Q
  • Intrinsic muscles of the hand
A
  • Thenar group
    - Base of thumb
    - Hypothenar group
    - Base of little finger
    - Midpalmar group
    - Mid palm
54
Q
  • Indopathic Intrinsic muscle atrophy
A
  • Rare cases of metacarpophalangeal joint locking

Anatomy (19 decks)

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