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anatomy > ch 6 > Flashcards

ch 6 Flashcards

1
Q

tissues present in bone

A

blood, marrow, cartilage, adipose tissue, nervous tissue, fibrous CT

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2
Q

ostelology

A

study of bone

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3
Q

mineralization

A

process of hardening

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4
Q

organic matrix

A

collagen and large glycoprotines

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5
Q

inorganic matrix

A

hydroxyapatite (85%)
calcium carbonate (10%)
other

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6
Q

feature of connective tissue (matrix)

A

more extracellular matrix

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7
Q

red bone marrow

A

hemopoietic tissue
younger
in most of younger kids

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8
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

adults
fatty

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9
Q

bone classification (6)

A

flat, long, short, irregular, sesamoid, sutural (wormian)

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10
Q

flat bone

A

thin, usually curved
ex: rib

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11
Q

long bone

A

rigid levers of movement
ex humerus

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12
Q

short

A

glide within joints
ex carpal

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13
Q

irregular

A

complex shape
ex. vertebrae

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14
Q

sesamoid

A

develop in a tendon
patella

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15
Q

sutural (wormian)

A

bn flat bones of skull, like the little ridges

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16
Q

structure of long bone (9)

A

periosteum, diaphysis, epiphysis, medullary cavity, endosteum, articular cartilage , epiphyseal plate, epiphyseal line

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17
Q

periosteum

A

fibrous connective tissue sheath

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18
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft

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19
Q

medullary cavity

A

marrow cavity

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20
Q

endosteum

A

thin layer of reticular tissue lining medullary cavity

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21
Q

articular cartilage

A

hayline cartilage

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22
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

growth plate, hylaine

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23
Q

epihyseal plate

A

growth plate
hyaline cartilage

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24
Q

epihyseal line

A

Remnant of the epiphyseal plate

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25
Q

Nutrient foramen

A

hole for blood vessels and nerves

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26
Q

medulla-

A

inside

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27
Q

cortex-

A

outside

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28
Q

flat bone is made of

A

spongy bone bn compact bone (diploe)

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29
Q

osteogenic (osteoprogenitor)

A

bone stem cells

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30
Q

osteoblast

A

bone forming cells

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31
Q

osteocyte

A

mature bone cell

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32
Q

osteoclast

A

bone dissolving macropphage

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33
Q

osteocytes have

A

filopodia (dendrites) with gap junctions at ends

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34
Q

central canal

A

Contains blood vessels and nerves
(compact bone)

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35
Q

concentric lamellae

A

nested cylinders around the central canal
(compact bone)

36
Q

lacunae

A

cavities that house osteocytes
(compact bone)

37
Q

canaliculi

A

tunnels that connect lacunae
(compact bone)

38
Q

perforating canals

A

perpendicular 2 surface
deep tissues and medullary cavity

39
Q

circumferential lamellae

A

outer and inner surface
growth and maintenance
like tree rings

40
Q

spicules

A

spongy
rods and sines of bone
incomplete trabeculae

41
Q

trabeculae

A

spongy
thin plates of bone

42
Q

lines of stress

A

trabeculae?
lines where bones are the most stressed?

43
Q

ossification (osteogenesis) (2 types)

A

bone formation
intramembranous
endochondral

44
Q

intramembranous

A

makes flat bones of skull and clavicle
from mesenchymal tissue
in infancy

45
Q

endochondral

A

bone from hyaline cartilage, epiphyseal plate (most form this way)
in late teens/early 20s

46
Q

fontanelles

A

(2) soft spot on baby head

47
Q

interstitial growth- where bones grow longer and how?

A

at epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage) thru mitosis and hypertrophy of chondrocytes

48
Q

appositional growth

A

growth in diameter and thickness (lifelong ot resist mechanical stress)

49
Q

how appositional growth works

A

intramembranous ossification at surface of bone

50
Q

steps of appositional growth

A

osteoblast under perisoteum secrete bone matrix,
endosteal osetoclasts widen meduallry cavity

51
Q

bone remoldeling

A

absorption of old bone and deposition of new bone

52
Q

wolffs law of bone

A

bone shape is determined by mechanical stress

53
Q

stress fracture

A

crack,
abnormal trauma
heal in 8-12 weeks

54
Q

pathological fracutre

A

occurs in bone weakened by disease/ issue

55
Q

treatment, close redudction

A

nonsurgical manipulation of fragments

56
Q

open reductions

A

surgical setting involving plats or screws or pins

57
Q

cast is made of

A

fiberglass

58
Q

fractures classified occuring to (3)

A

breaking of skin
direction of fracture
seperation of bone pieces

59
Q

greenstick fracutre

A

bent with incomplete fracture

60
Q

hairline fracture

A

fine crack in section of bone remain alined

61
Q

impacted fracture

A

one frag is driven into the marrow cavity/spongy bone of other

62
Q

linear fracture

A

parallel to long axis of bone

63
Q

trasnverse

A

Perpendicular to long axis

64
Q

osteopenia

A

loss of bone

65
Q

orthopedics

A

prevention and correction of injuries and bone, joint, and muscle disorders

66
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

in 20%-50% of all newbonrs
maybe brain damage

67
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

from srtatum basale and invades dermis

68
Q

squamous cell carinoma

A

from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum

69
Q

melanoma

A

from melanocyte of existing mole

70
Q

pox

A

rash of pimple disease that become pus filled and leave pockmarks on healing

71
Q

mpox

A

Genus - Orthopoxvirus
* Symptoms
– Painful and itchy rash
– Flu-like symptoms
* Symptoms present within
3 weeks of exposure

72
Q

dermis (layers)

A

Papillary – Areolar CT
* Reticular – Dense Irregular CT

73
Q

epidermis

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

74
Q

hypodermis

A

subcutaneous

75
Q

5 cutaneous glands

A

sudoriferous (sweat) glands, sebaceous glands, ceruminous glands, and mammary glands.

76
Q

Osteocytes in lacunae of osteons of
healthy compact bone are located quite a
distance from the blood vessels in the
central canals, yet they are well nourished.
How can this be explained?

A

canaliculi

77
Q

closed fracture

A

no skin broken

78
Q

complete frac

A

bone broken in 1 or more pieces

79
Q

incomplete

A

partial fracture only partway across bone, pieces are still together

80
Q

depressed frac

A

broken portion forms a concavity

81
Q

oblique

A

diagonal fracture bn linear and trasnverse

82
Q

spiral

A

fracture spiral around axis of long bone bc twisiting

83
Q

marfans syndrome

A

excessive cartilage at epiphyseal plate

84
Q

acromegaly

A

excesive growth hormone after puberty

85
Q

achondroplasia

A

growth at epiphyseal plate is super slow

86
Q

paget disease

A

excessive osteclast and bone resorption, extra bone depositing to compensate

87
Q

rickets

A

calcium/vitamin d deficiency bc bad diet/sun

anatomy (18 decks)

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