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anatomy > ch 6 > Flashcards

ch 6 Flashcards

1
Q

tissues present in bone

A

blood, marrow, cartilage, adipose tissue, nervous tissue, fibrous CT

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2
Q

ostelology

A

study of bone

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3
Q

mineralization

A

process of hardening

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4
Q

organic matrix

A

collagen and large glycoprotines

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5
Q

inorganic matrix

A

hydroxyapatite (85%)
calcium carbonate (10%)
other

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6
Q

feature of connective tissue (matrix)

A

more extracellular matrix

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7
Q

red bone marrow

A

hemopoietic tissue
younger
in most of younger kids

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8
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

adults
fatty

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9
Q

bone classification (6)

A

flat, long, short, irregular, sesamoid, sutural (wormian)

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10
Q

flat bone

A

thin, usually curved
ex: rib

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11
Q

long bone

A

rigid levers of movement
ex humerus

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12
Q

short

A

glide within joints
ex carpal

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13
Q

irregular

A

complex shape
ex. vertebrae

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14
Q

sesamoid

A

develop in a tendon
patella

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15
Q

sutural (wormian)

A

bn flat bones of skull, like the little ridges

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16
Q

structure of long bone (9)

A

periosteum, diaphysis, epiphysis, medullary cavity, endosteum, articular cartilage , epiphyseal plate, epiphyseal line

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17
Q

periosteum

A

fibrous connective tissue sheath

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18
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft

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19
Q

medullary cavity

A

marrow cavity

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20
Q

endosteum

A

thin layer of reticular tissue lining medullary cavity

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21
Q

articular cartilage

A

hayline cartilage

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22
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

growth plate, hylaine

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23
Q

epihyseal plate

A

growth plate
hyaline cartilage

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24
Q

epihyseal line

A

Remnant of the epiphyseal plate

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25
Nutrient foramen
hole for blood vessels and nerves
26
medulla-
inside
27
cortex-
outside
28
flat bone is made of
spongy bone bn compact bone (diploe)
29
osteogenic (osteoprogenitor)
bone stem cells
30
osteoblast
bone forming cells
31
osteocyte
mature bone cell
32
osteoclast
bone dissolving macropphage
33
osteocytes have
filopodia (dendrites) with gap junctions at ends
34
central canal
Contains blood vessels and nerves (compact bone)
35
concentric lamellae
nested cylinders around the central canal (compact bone)
36
lacunae
cavities that house osteocytes (compact bone)
37
canaliculi
tunnels that connect lacunae (compact bone)
38
perforating canals
perpendicular 2 surface deep tissues and medullary cavity
39
circumferential lamellae
outer and inner surface growth and maintenance like tree rings
40
spicules
spongy rods and sines of bone incomplete trabeculae
41
trabeculae
spongy thin plates of bone
42
lines of stress
trabeculae? lines where bones are the most stressed?
43
ossification (osteogenesis) (2 types)
bone formation intramembranous endochondral
44
intramembranous
makes flat bones of skull and clavicle from mesenchymal tissue in infancy
45
endochondral
bone from hyaline cartilage, epiphyseal plate (most form this way) in late teens/early 20s
46
fontanelles
(2) soft spot on baby head
47
interstitial growth- where bones grow longer and how?
at epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage) thru mitosis and hypertrophy of chondrocytes
48
appositional growth
growth in diameter and thickness (lifelong ot resist mechanical stress)
49
how appositional growth works
intramembranous ossification at surface of bone
50
steps of appositional growth
osteoblast under perisoteum secrete bone matrix, endosteal osetoclasts widen meduallry cavity
51
bone remoldeling
absorption of old bone and deposition of new bone
52
wolffs law of bone
bone shape is determined by mechanical stress
53
stress fracture
crack, abnormal trauma heal in 8-12 weeks
54
pathological fracutre
occurs in bone weakened by disease/ issue
55
treatment, close redudction
nonsurgical manipulation of fragments
56
open reductions
surgical setting involving plats or screws or pins
57
cast is made of
fiberglass
58
fractures classified occuring to (3)
breaking of skin direction of fracture seperation of bone pieces
59
greenstick fracutre
bent with incomplete fracture
60
hairline fracture
fine crack in section of bone remain alined
61
impacted fracture
one frag is driven into the marrow cavity/spongy bone of other
62
linear fracture
parallel to long axis of bone
63
trasnverse
Perpendicular to long axis
64
osteopenia
loss of bone
65
orthopedics
prevention and correction of injuries and bone, joint, and muscle disorders
66
hyperbilirubinemia
in 20%-50% of all newbonrs maybe brain damage
67
basal cell carcinoma
from srtatum basale and invades dermis
68
squamous cell carinoma
from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
69
melanoma
from melanocyte of existing mole
70
pox
rash of pimple disease that become pus filled and leave pockmarks on healing
71
mpox
Genus - Orthopoxvirus * Symptoms – Painful and itchy rash – Flu-like symptoms * Symptoms present within 3 weeks of exposure
72
dermis (layers)
Papillary – Areolar CT * Reticular – Dense Irregular CT
73
epidermis
Keratinized stratified squamous
74
hypodermis
subcutaneous
75
5 cutaneous glands
sudoriferous (sweat) glands, sebaceous glands, ceruminous glands, and mammary glands.
76
Osteocytes in lacunae of osteons of healthy compact bone are located quite a distance from the blood vessels in the central canals, yet they are well nourished. How can this be explained?
canaliculi
77
closed fracture
no skin broken
78
complete frac
bone broken in 1 or more pieces
79
incomplete
partial fracture only partway across bone, pieces are still together
80
depressed frac
broken portion forms a concavity
81
oblique
diagonal fracture bn linear and trasnverse
82
spiral
fracture spiral around axis of long bone bc twisiting
83
marfans syndrome
excessive cartilage at epiphyseal plate
84
acromegaly
excesive growth hormone after puberty
85
achondroplasia
growth at epiphyseal plate is super slow
86
paget disease
excessive osteclast and bone resorption, extra bone depositing to compensate
87
rickets
calcium/vitamin d deficiency bc bad diet/sun

anatomy (22 decks)

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