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anatomy > ch 15 > Flashcards

ch 15 Flashcards

1
Q

rostral

A

anterior

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2
Q

caudal

A

posterior

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3
Q

ventral

A

distal (downwards)

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4
Q

dorsal

A

proximal (upwards)

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5
Q

gyrus

A

upper brain wrinkle

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6
Q

sulucs

A

lower crease of brain wrinkle

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7
Q

brain meninges layers

A

2 layers
periosteal
meningeal

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8
Q

what do the layers form

A

dural sinuses (to collect used up blood)

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9
Q

falx cerebri

A

dural layer seperating hemispheres of brain

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10
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

dural layer bn cerebrum and cerebellum

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11
Q

lateral ventricles

A

interventricular foramen bn the “ram horns”

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12
Q

third ventricle

A

between the lateral
cerebral aqueduct bn 3 and 4

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13
Q

fourth ventricle

A

in the stemish, below third
narrows and forms central canal

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14
Q

ventricles

A

collection of cerebrospinal spinal fluid

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15
Q

choroid plexus

A

blood vessels network that make cerebrospinal fluid

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16
Q

1) CSF is secreted by

A

choroid plexus in each lateral
ventricle.

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17
Q

2) CSF flows through-
into -

A

interventricular foramina

third ventricle

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18
Q

3) Choroid plexus in third
ventricle adds

A

more CSF.

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19
Q

4) CSF flows down cerebral
aqueduct

A

to fourth ventricle.

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20
Q

5) Choroid plexus in fourth
ventricle adds

A

more CSF.

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21
Q

6) CSF flows out - and -

A

two lateral
apertures,
one median
aperture.

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22
Q

7) CSF fills - and bathes external
surfaces of -

A

subarachnoid space
brain and spinal
cord

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23
Q

8) At - -,
CSF is reabsorbed into
venous blood of dural
venous sinuses.

A

arachnoid granulations

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24
Q

order the cerebrospinal fluid flows

A

1) Choroid plexus to lat ventricle
2) thru interventricular formina to 3rd ventricle
3) choroid plex add more
4) down cerebral aqueduct to 4th ventricle
5) choroid plexus (4th) add more
6) flow out 2 lat aperture to one median aperture
7) fills subarachnoid space and stuff
8) at arachnoid granulations, its reabsorbed

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25
Q

what do astrocytes do

A

wrap perivascular feet around vessle, stimulate the formation of cells that make blood capularies

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26
Q

what can get thru blood brain barrier

A

lipids, ions, oxygen, glucose, alc nicotine

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27
Q

cerebrum from

A

telencephalon of forebrain
biggest part

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28
Q

lobes in cerebrum

A

frontal, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, insula

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29
Q

frontal lobe responsible for

A

motor motivation (voluntary)
motivation
planning
memory
mood
emotion
social judgment
agression

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30
Q

parietal lobe (2)

A

integrates senses
taste
language
visual info

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31
Q

occipital lobe

A

visuals

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32
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing
smell
learning
memory
emotion

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33
Q

insula

A

understanding spoken language
taste
integrating info from organs

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34
Q

how is the cerebrum separated and connected

A

longitudinal fissure
corpus callosum

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35
Q

cortex

A

grey matter of brain

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36
Q

projection tracts

A

travel vertically
cerebrum to rest of body

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37
Q

commissural tract

A

cross bn 2 hemispheres
corpus callosum has the msot

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38
Q

association tracts

A

connections regions wn same hemi
quick

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39
Q

stellate cells

A

anaxonic (only dentrites)
locally process sensory info
determine if output is important enough

40
Q

pyramidal cells

A

output neurons of cerebrum
actually send

41
Q

basal nuclei

A

deep masses of gray matter
involved in motor control

42
Q

what does the basal nuclei consist of

A

caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus
pallidus

43
Q

limbic system

A

important center of emotion and learning
(controls gratification, aversion)

44
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

superficial to corpus callosum

45
Q

hippocampus

A

seahorse
for memory- short term sensory memory

46
Q

amygdala

A

BLADEEEEEEEE
emotion

47
Q

parts of limbic system –

A

Cingulate gyrus:
– Hippocampus:
– Amygdala:

48
Q

primary cortex

A

intergrative
1st 2 receive sensory info (input)
use projection fibers to send motor commands

49
Q

association cortex

A

integrative
any non primary area
interprets sensation, thot, mem etc

50
Q

vision sensory area

A

primary visual cortex (back)

51
Q

hearing

A

primary auditory cortex

52
Q

equilibium

A

several brainstem nuclei
knowing where your body is in space

53
Q

taste

A

primary gustatory cortex
priaetal lobe

54
Q

smell

A

orbitofrontal cortex

55
Q

precentral gyrus

A

a primary motor cortex
has upper motor neurons that control contralateral muscles
in parietal lobe (in front of central sulcus)

56
Q

(Postcentral Gyrus)

A

contains primary somatosensory cortex
Exhibits somatotopy – a body map

57
Q

wernicke area

A

Posterior to lateral sulcus of left brain

Recognition of written/typed/signed/ spoken language

58
Q

broca area

A

speech
inferior prefrontal cortex of left brain
right side

59
Q

pathway to hearing and talking

A

hear in ear

wernicke area understands it

broca area forms motor need to speak a response

primary motor cortex executes

60
Q

lateralization of cerebral functions

A

diff in funciton for each hemi
right- analytical
left- silly goofy

61
Q

categorical hemi

A

left side (can be flipped)
analytical

62
Q

representational hemi

A

left side
speech and smell n shit

63
Q

thalamus

A

sorts sensory info
relays motor signals
memory and emotion
second and third order synapse here

64
Q

hypothalamus

A

-hormone secretion
-Autonomic effects
– Thermoregulation
– Food and water intake
– Sleep, Memory, and emotion

65
Q

epithalamus

A

its small asf
circadian rhythms
pineal gland

66
Q

diff regions of thalamus correspond to

A

specific funtions

67
Q

midbrain

A

rostral
pain modulation
gaze
auditory relex
motor commands for posture

68
Q

pons

A

sleep
control of respiration
bladder control

69
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

cardiac center
respiratory center
vasomotor center

70
Q

brain stem parts

A

keeps you alive
pons,
midbrain
medulla oblongata

71
Q

Diencephalon

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus

72
Q

medualla oblongata develops from

A

myelencephalon

73
Q

medualla oblongata extends from

A

foramen
magnum to pons

74
Q

medulla o importnat nuclei

A

– Cardiac center
– Vasomotor center
– Respiratory center

75
Q

pyramid bulges in medulla

A

(medial)
carry signals from the brain to the spinal cord:
The pyramids contain motor fibers, also known as pyramidal tracts
something important decussates here

76
Q

midbrain developes from

A

mesencephalon

77
Q

tectum (posterior)

A

roof like
corpora quadrigemina (4 bulges)
inferior colliculi- audio
supererior colliculi- visual

78
Q

midbrain internal structures

A

cerebral aqueduct
cerebral peduncles

79
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A

anchor the cerebellum to the brainstem. All afferent and efferent fibers of the cerebellum pass through the three peduncles

80
Q

substantia nigra

A

relays inhibitory signals to thalamus and basal nuclei
movement
degeneration leads to parkinsons

81
Q

pons develop from

A

metencephalon

82
Q

pons anterior

A

forms bulge rostral to medulla

83
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Web of gray matter that
runs through all levels of
brainstem

84
Q

Reticular Formation functions

A

– Somatic motor
control
– Cardiovascular
control
– Pain modulation
– Sleep and
consciousness
– Habituation

85
Q

cerebellum

A

motor coordination
evaluates sensory input
timekeeping
when to move muscles
borders 4th ventricle

86
Q

cerebellar hemis split by

A

vermis

87
Q

folia

A

gray matter of cerebellum

88
Q

arbor vitae

A

white matter of cere
looks like tree

89
Q

cranial nerves nemonic

A

O oh
O oh
O oh (oreilys)
T that
T thot
A aint
F fucking
V valid
G get
A anabolic
H hoe

90
Q

cranial nevre types

A

motor sensory or mixed

91
Q

habenula

A

relay info from limbic system to midbrain

92
Q

brianstem parts

A

pons, midbrain, medulla oblongata

93
Q

Olives of medulla

A

(lateral to pyramid)
tells your body where you are in space
motor controll/ function

94
Q

tagmentum

A

collabs in fine motor control with cerebell
goes to and from cerebell
main mass of midbrain
has red nuclei

95
Q

pons posteriorly

A

2 peduncles that attach to cerebellum

96
Q

neocortex

A

the largest part of the human brain and is responsible for many of the brain’s highest-level functions

anatomy (22 decks)

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