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ch 15 Flashcards

1
Q

rostral

A

anterior

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2
Q

caudal

A

posterior

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3
Q

ventral

A

distal (downwards)

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4
Q

dorsal

A

proximal (upwards)

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5
Q

gyrus

A

upper brain wrinkle

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6
Q

sulucs

A

lower crease of brain wrinkle

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7
Q

brain meninges layers

A

2 layers
periosteal
meningeal

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8
Q

what do the layers form

A

dural sinuses (to collect used up blood)

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9
Q

falx cerebri

A

dural layer seperating hemispheres of brain

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10
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

dural layer bn cerebrum and cerebellum

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11
Q

lateral ventricles

A

interventricular foramen bn the “ram horns”

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12
Q

third ventricle

A

between the lateral
cerebral aqueduct bn 3 and 4

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13
Q

fourth ventricle

A

in the stemish, below third
narrows and forms central canal

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14
Q

ventricles

A

collection of cerebrospinal spinal fluid

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15
Q

choroid plexus

A

blood vessels network that make cerebrospinal fluid

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16
Q

1) CSF is secreted by

A

choroid plexus in each lateral
ventricle.

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17
Q

2) CSF flows through-
into -

A

interventricular foramina

third ventricle

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18
Q

3) Choroid plexus in third
ventricle adds

A

more CSF.

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19
Q

4) CSF flows down cerebral
aqueduct

A

to fourth ventricle.

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20
Q

5) Choroid plexus in fourth
ventricle adds

A

more CSF.

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21
Q

6) CSF flows out - and -

A

two lateral
apertures,
one median
aperture.

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22
Q

7) CSF fills - and bathes external
surfaces of -

A

subarachnoid space
brain and spinal
cord

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23
Q

8) At - -,
CSF is reabsorbed into
venous blood of dural
venous sinuses.

A

arachnoid granulations

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24
Q

order the cerebrospinal fluid flows

A

1) Choroid plexus to lat ventricle
2) thru interventricular formina to 3rd ventricle
3) choroid plex add more
4) down cerebral aqueduct to 4th ventricle
5) choroid plexus (4th) add more
6) flow out 2 lat aperture to one median aperture
7) fills subarachnoid space and stuff
8) at arachnoid granulations, its reabsorbed

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25
what do astrocytes do
wrap perivascular feet around vessle, stimulate the formation of cells that make blood capularies
26
what can get thru blood brain barrier
lipids, ions, oxygen, glucose, alc nicotine
27
cerebrum from
telencephalon of forebrain biggest part
28
lobes in cerebrum
frontal, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, insula
29
frontal lobe responsible for
motor motivation (voluntary) motivation planning memory mood emotion social judgment agression
30
parietal lobe (2)
integrates senses taste language visual info
31
occipital lobe
visuals
32
temporal lobe
hearing smell learning memory emotion
33
insula
understanding spoken language taste integrating info from organs
34
how is the cerebrum separated and connected
longitudinal fissure corpus callosum
35
cortex
grey matter of brain
36
projection tracts
travel vertically cerebrum to rest of body
37
commissural tract
cross bn 2 hemispheres corpus callosum has the msot
38
association tracts
connections regions wn same hemi quick
39
stellate cells
anaxonic (only dentrites) locally process sensory info determine if output is important enough
40
pyramidal cells
output neurons of cerebrum actually send
41
basal nuclei
deep masses of gray matter involved in motor control
42
what does the basal nuclei consist of
caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus
43
limbic system
important center of emotion and learning (controls gratification, aversion)
44
cingulate gyrus
superficial to corpus callosum
45
hippocampus
seahorse for memory- short term sensory memory
46
amygdala
BLADEEEEEEEE emotion
47
parts of limbic system –
Cingulate gyrus: – Hippocampus: – Amygdala:
48
primary cortex
intergrative 1st 2 receive sensory info (input) use projection fibers to send motor commands
49
association cortex
integrative any non primary area interprets sensation, thot, mem etc
50
vision sensory area
primary visual cortex (back)
51
hearing
primary auditory cortex
52
equilibium
several brainstem nuclei knowing where your body is in space
53
taste
primary gustatory cortex priaetal lobe
54
smell
orbitofrontal cortex
55
precentral gyrus
a primary motor cortex has upper motor neurons that control contralateral muscles in parietal lobe (in front of central sulcus)
56
(Postcentral Gyrus)
contains primary somatosensory cortex Exhibits somatotopy – a body map
57
wernicke area
Posterior to lateral sulcus of left brain Recognition of written/typed/signed/ spoken language
58
broca area
speech inferior prefrontal cortex of left brain right side
59
pathway to hearing and talking
hear in ear wernicke area understands it broca area forms motor need to speak a response primary motor cortex executes
60
lateralization of cerebral functions
diff in funciton for each hemi right- analytical left- silly goofy
61
categorical hemi
left side (can be flipped) analytical
62
representational hemi
left side speech and smell n shit
63
thalamus
sorts sensory info relays motor signals memory and emotion second and third order synapse here
64
hypothalamus
-hormone secretion -Autonomic effects – Thermoregulation – Food and water intake – Sleep, Memory, and emotion
65
epithalamus
its small asf circadian rhythms pineal gland
66
diff regions of thalamus correspond to
specific funtions
67
midbrain
rostral pain modulation gaze auditory relex motor commands for posture
68
pons
sleep control of respiration bladder control
69
Medulla Oblongata
cardiac center respiratory center vasomotor center
70
brain stem parts
keeps you alive pons, midbrain medulla oblongata
71
Diencephalon
thalamus hypothalamus epithalamus
72
medualla oblongata develops from
myelencephalon
73
medualla oblongata extends from
foramen magnum to pons
74
medulla o importnat nuclei
– Cardiac center – Vasomotor center – Respiratory center
75
pyramid bulges in medulla
(medial) carry signals from the brain to the spinal cord: The pyramids contain motor fibers, also known as pyramidal tracts something important decussates here
76
midbrain developes from
mesencephalon
77
tectum (posterior)
roof like corpora quadrigemina (4 bulges) inferior colliculi- audio supererior colliculi- visual
78
midbrain internal structures
cerebral aqueduct cerebral peduncles
79
Cerebral peduncles
anchor the cerebellum to the brainstem. All afferent and efferent fibers of the cerebellum pass through the three peduncles
80
substantia nigra
relays inhibitory signals to thalamus and basal nuclei movement degeneration leads to parkinsons
81
pons develop from
metencephalon
82
pons anterior
forms bulge rostral to medulla
83
Reticular Formation
Web of gray matter that runs through all levels of brainstem
84
Reticular Formation functions
– Somatic motor control – Cardiovascular control – Pain modulation – Sleep and consciousness – Habituation
85
cerebellum
motor coordination evaluates sensory input timekeeping when to move muscles borders 4th ventricle
86
cerebellar hemis split by
vermis
87
folia
gray matter of cerebellum
88
arbor vitae
white matter of cere looks like tree
89
cranial nerves nemonic
O oh O oh O oh (oreilys) T that T thot A aint F fucking V valid G get A anabolic H hoe
90
cranial nevre types
motor sensory or mixed
91
habenula
relay info from limbic system to midbrain
92
brianstem parts
pons, midbrain, medulla oblongata
93
Olives of medulla
(lateral to pyramid) tells your body where you are in space motor controll/ function
94
tagmentum
collabs in fine motor control with cerebell goes to and from cerebell main mass of midbrain has red nuclei
95
pons posteriorly
2 peduncles that attach to cerebellum
96
neocortex
the largest part of the human brain and is responsible for many of the brain's highest-level functions

anatomy (22 decks)

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