ch 13

Question 1

neurobiology, it includes

Answer 1

study of nervous system
sensory perception, integration, and motor planning

Question 2

central nervous system

Answer 2

brain and spine

Question 3

peripheral nervous system

Answer 3

move other shit like motor and sensory (senses and movement)

Question 4

Nerve cell

Answer 4

neuron

Question 5

nerve cell properties

Answer 5

excitabile- respond to stimuli
conductive- send signals
secretion- release chemical messengers

Question 6

afferent neurons

Answer 6

sensory
sensation

Question 7

interneuron

Answer 7

connected to the central nervous system

Question 8

motor neuron (efferent)

Answer 8

conduct signals to move

Question 9

nuerosoma

Answer 9

cell body

Question 10

neruofibrils

Answer 10

cytoskeletal network in neuron

Question 11

nissl bodies

Answer 11

cluster of RER
dark stained

Question 12

dendrites

Answer 12

multbranached process to detect stimuli

Question 13

axon

Answer 13

long process that transmits signal to the next cell

Question 14

axon collateral

Answer 14

branch of axon near the soma

Question 15

terminal arborization

Answer 15

branching at the distal end of the neruon

Question 16

synaptic knob

Answer 16

swelling at the end of the axon, stores, neruotrasnmitters

Question 17

mylien sheath

Answer 17

segmented wrapped around the axon

Question 18

node of ranvier

Answer 18

gaps in the myelination

Question 19

internode

Answer 19

myleinatd space bn nodes

Question 20

axon hillock

Answer 20

mound from the soma leading to the axon

Question 21

intital segment

Answer 21

unmyelinated begining of the axon

Question 22

trigger zone

Answer 22

axon hillock and initial segment
large number of voltage gated channels
all or nothing

Question 23

mulitpolar

Answer 23

multiple dendrites, one axon

Question 24

bipolar

Answer 24

one dendrite, one axon

Question 25

unipolar

Answer 25

single process from soma, signla can bypass soma

Question 26

anaxonic

Answer 26

multiple dendrites, no axon

Question 27

neuroglia/ supportive cells

Answer 27

support and help function bind neurons together guides fetus neurons to destination

Question 28

if mature neuron is not in synaptic contact with another neuron, what do gial cells do

Answer 28

prevent them form touching by coating, gives precision to conduction pathways

Question 29

oligodendrocytes

Answer 29

form myelin in brain and spinal cord

Question 30

ependoymal cell

Answer 30

line cavities of brain and spinal cord, secrete and circulate crebrospinal fluid

Question 31

microglia

Answer 31

phagocytize and destroy microorganisms, forgien matter, dead cells

Question 32

astrocytes

Answer 32

formation of blood brain barrier, nourish neurons secrete growth stimulants regulate composition of the extracellular fluid in the cns, form scar tissue

Question 33

schwann cells

Answer 33

aid in regeneration of damaged nerve fibers

Question 34

satellite cells

Answer 34

surround somas of neurons in ganglia, insulates/ regulates chemical environment

Question 35

mylien sheath

Answer 35

insulating layer around a nerve fiber increase signal conduction

Question 36

myleination

Answer 36

production of myelin sheath

Question 37

myleination starts

Answer 37

in fetal development paid in infancy compeletes in late adolesnces

Question 38

mylien is made of

Answer 38

80% lipid 20% protein

Question 39

unmyelinated nerve fibers

Answer 39

wrapped by schwann cells, but not densely around these axons

Question 40

signal speed depends on

Answer 40

diameter of fiber- (larger/longer, faster) presence of myelin (more mylin are faster)

Question 41

nerve regeneration

Answer 41

svhwann cells secrete nerves growth factors and produce regneeration tube to direct regrowth of acon

Question 42

cut nerves can regenerate if

Answer 42

body is in tact not CNS tho

Question 43

synapse

Answer 43

meeting point of neruon and other cell

Question 44

axodendritic synapse

Answer 44

axon terminal and dentrite

Question 45

axosomatic

Answer 45

axon terminal on soma

Question 46

axoaxonic

Answer 46

axon on axon interaction

Question 47

chemical synapse

Answer 47

presynaptic neruon releases neurotrasnmitter to postsynaptic cell

Question 48

neurotransmitters

Answer 48

messeneger molecules can be excitatory and inhibitory

Question 49

synaptic knob of presynaptic cell

Answer 49

has hella neurotrasmitters and synaptic vesicles

Question 50

synaptic celft

Answer 50

space btweent tow neruons

Question 51

neruotrasnsmitter receptors are on

Answer 51

on postsynapic cell

Question 52

neruotrasnsmitter

Answer 52

messenger molecule

Question 53

electrical synapse

Answer 53

two cells joined by gap juncitons found in cardiac, smooth muscle less common

Question 54

electrical synapse functions

Answer 54

ions diffuse from cell to cell quick transmission no integration or decision making

Question 55

neurulation 3rd week:

Answer 55

first trace of CNS

Question 56

neurulation 4th week:

Answer 56

has neural tube neural crest

Question 57

neurulation 5th week:

Answer 57

five secondary vesicles

Question 58

basically how our brain developes

Answer 58

tubes to veisicles where brain stuff it

Question 59

spina bifida

Answer 59

vertebrare fail to enclose spinal cord

Question 60

spina bifida occulta

Answer 60

just one or few opens no functional problems

Question 61

spina bifida cystica

Answer 61

more severe sacs protrude from spine

Question 62

microcephaly

Answer 62

small brain

Question 63

anencephaly

Answer 63

no brain

Question 64

where are schwann cells from

Answer 64

from neruilemma aroumd all PNS nerve fibers and meylin around most of them

Question 65

neurulation 3rd week neural plate

Answer 65

sinks, edges thicken neural groove with nerual folds

Question 66

neurulation 4th week anterior dilations

Answer 66

anterior dilations -forebrain -midbrain -hindbrain

Question 67

5th week stuff

Answer 67

Forebrain * Telencephalon * Diencephalon – Midbrain (mesencephalon) – Hindbrain * Metencephalon * Myelencephalon