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anatomy > ch 13 > Flashcards

ch 13 Flashcards

1
Q

neurobiology, it includes

A

study of nervous system
sensory perception, integration, and motor planning

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2
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spine

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3
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

move other shit like motor and sensory (senses and movement)

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4
Q

Nerve cell

A

neuron

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5
Q

nerve cell properties

A

excitabile- respond to stimuli
conductive- send signals
secretion- release chemical messengers

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6
Q

afferent neurons

A

sensory
sensation

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7
Q

interneuron

A

connected to the central nervous system

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8
Q

motor neuron (efferent)

A

conduct signals to move

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9
Q

nuerosoma

A

cell body

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10
Q

neruofibrils

A

cytoskeletal network in neuron

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11
Q

nissl bodies

A

cluster of RER
dark stained

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12
Q

dendrites

A

multbranached process to detect stimuli

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13
Q

axon

A

long process that transmits signal to the next cell

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14
Q

axon collateral

A

branch of axon near the soma

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15
Q

terminal arborization

A

branching at the distal end of the neruon

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16
Q

synaptic knob

A

swelling at the end of the axon, stores, neruotrasnmitters

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17
Q

mylien sheath

A

segmented wrapped around the axon

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18
Q

node of ranvier

A

gaps in the myelination

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19
Q

internode

A

myleinatd space bn nodes

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20
Q

axon hillock

A

mound from the soma leading to the axon

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21
Q

intital segment

A

unmyelinated begining of the axon

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22
Q

trigger zone

A

axon hillock and initial segment
large number of voltage gated channels
all or nothing

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23
Q

mulitpolar

A

multiple dendrites, one axon

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24
Q

bipolar

A

one dendrite, one axon

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25
Q

unipolar

A

single process from soma,
signla can bypass soma

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26
Q

anaxonic

A

multiple dendrites, no axon

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27
Q

neuroglia/ supportive cells

A

support and help function
bind neurons together
guides fetus neurons to destination

28
Q

if mature neuron is not in synaptic contact with another neuron, what do gial cells do

A

prevent them form touching by coating, gives precision to conduction pathways

29
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

form myelin in brain and spinal cord

30
Q

ependoymal cell

A

line cavities of brain and spinal cord, secrete and circulate crebrospinal fluid

31
Q

microglia

A

phagocytize and destroy microorganisms, forgien matter, dead cells

32
Q

astrocytes

A

formation of blood brain barrier,
nourish neurons
secrete growth stimulants regulate composition of the extracellular fluid in the cns, form scar tissue

33
Q

schwann cells

A

aid in regeneration of damaged nerve fibers

34
Q

satellite cells

A

surround somas of neurons in ganglia, insulates/ regulates chemical environment

35
Q

mylien sheath

A

insulating layer around a nerve fiber
increase signal conduction

36
Q

myleination

A

production of myelin sheath

37
Q

myleination starts

A

in fetal development
paid in infancy
compeletes in late adolesnces

38
Q

mylien is made of

A

80% lipid
20% protein

39
Q

unmyelinated nerve fibers

A

wrapped by schwann cells, but not densely around these axons

40
Q

signal speed depends on

A

diameter of fiber- (larger/longer, faster)
presence of myelin
(more mylin are faster)

41
Q

nerve regeneration

A

svhwann cells secrete nerves growth factors and produce regneeration tube to direct regrowth of acon

42
Q

cut nerves can regenerate if

A

body is in tact
not CNS tho

43
Q

synapse

A

meeting point of neruon and other cell

44
Q

axodendritic synapse

A

axon terminal and dentrite

45
Q

axosomatic

A

axon terminal on soma

46
Q

axoaxonic

A

axon on axon interaction

47
Q

chemical synapse

A

presynaptic neruon releases neurotrasnmitter to postsynaptic cell

48
Q

neurotransmitters

A

messeneger molecules
can be excitatory and inhibitory

49
Q

synaptic knob of presynaptic cell

A

has hella neurotrasmitters and synaptic vesicles

50
Q

synaptic celft

A

space btweent tow neruons

51
Q

neruotrasnsmitter receptors are on

A

on postsynapic cell

52
Q

neruotrasnsmitter

A

messenger molecule

53
Q

electrical synapse

A

two cells joined by gap juncitons
found in cardiac, smooth muscle
less common

54
Q

electrical synapse functions

A

ions diffuse from cell to cell
quick transmission
no integration or decision making

55
Q

neurulation 3rd week:

A

first trace of CNS

56
Q

neurulation 4th week:

A

has neural tube
neural crest

57
Q

neurulation 5th week:

A

five secondary vesicles

58
Q

basically how our brain developes

A

tubes to veisicles where brain stuff it

59
Q

spina bifida

A

vertebrare fail to enclose spinal cord

60
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

just one or few opens
no functional problems

61
Q

spina bifida cystica

A

more severe
sacs protrude from spine

62
Q

microcephaly

A

small brain

63
Q

anencephaly

A

no brain

64
Q

where are schwann cells from

A

from neruilemma aroumd all PNS nerve fibers and meylin around most of them

65
Q

neurulation 3rd week neural plate

A

sinks, edges thicken
neural groove with nerual folds

66
Q

neurulation 4th week anterior dilations

A

anterior dilations
-forebrain
-midbrain
-hindbrain

67
Q

5th week stuff

A

Forebrain
* Telencephalon
* Diencephalon
– Midbrain (mesencephalon)
– Hindbrain
* Metencephalon
* Myelencephalon

anatomy (22 decks)

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