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anatomy > ch 14 > Flashcards

ch 14 Flashcards

1
Q

where does the spinal cord end

A

l1/l2

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2
Q

cauda equina

A

bundle of nerves at the end of the spine that looks like a horses tail

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3
Q

terminal filum

A

hold spinal cord tight

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4
Q

how are spinal nerves named

A

what vertebra the nerve exits under

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5
Q

dura mater

A

surrounds outer portion of spinal cords

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6
Q

arachnoid matter

A

fiberous, thinner, spiderweb like, middle layer to protect spinal chord

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7
Q

pia mater

A

thin, fine, surround spinal chord, closes to chords

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8
Q

epidural space

A

fat above durra (mater), this is where epidural is stuck (l3/l4)

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9
Q

subarachnoid space/ lumbar cistern

A

below arachnoid matter,
where cerebral spinal fluid is present

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10
Q

gray matter

A

contains somas and dendrites
horns in cross section of vertebra

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11
Q

white matter

A

myelinated axons
containing tracts (nerves/ funiculi)

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12
Q

ascending tract

A

carry sensory info to brain (up)

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13
Q

descending tract

A

carry motor info from brain

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14
Q

decussate/ decussation

A

origin of tract is contralateral to destination

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15
Q

tracts that dont cross midline

A

ipsilateral

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16
Q

posterior gray horn

A
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17
Q

lateral gray horn

A

sympathetic nerve neuron (fight or flight)

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18
Q

posterior grey horn

A

sensory/ afferent nerves
interneuron

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19
Q

anterior gray horn

A

somatic/ motor neruons

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20
Q

(a) first order neuron

A

receptor to spinal cord/brain

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21
Q

(a) second order

A

spinal cord to thalamus (deems info important)
no repectors

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22
Q

(a) third order

A

thalamus to cerebral cortex/ front lobe

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23
Q

decussation can occur in

A

FIRST OR THIRD ORDER ONLY
medulla or spinal chord

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24
Q

motor neurons involved in descending tracts

A

2
upper and lower

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25
Q

descending upper

A

cerebral cortex/ brainstem to spinal

26
Q

descending lower

A

spinal cord to effector

27
Q

lateral corticospinal decussate where

A

medulla

28
Q

motor neurons decussate where

A

level it exits in the spinal chord

29
Q

anterior coritcospinal fibers decussate where

A

spinal chord

30
Q

afferent

A

sensory signals from receptors to the CNS

31
Q

efferent fibers

A

motor signals from CNS to effectors

32
Q

somatic fibers

A

in skin, skeletal muscles, bones, joints n stuff

33
Q

visceral fibers

A

in blood vessels, glands, viscera

34
Q

general fibers

A

in widespread organs such as muscles, skin, glands

35
Q

special fiber

A

in more localized organs in head
ex- eyes, ears, olfactory and taste

36
Q

nerve

A

several axons wrapped by connective tissue

37
Q

endoneurium wraps

A

one axon

38
Q

perinerioum wraps

A

fasicle

39
Q

epineruium wraps

A

entire nerve

40
Q

dorsal root

A

posterior
sensory info
dorsal root ganglion

41
Q

ventral root

A

motor info

42
Q

dorsal root ganglion

A

cell bodies and neurons
synapse here n stuff
bulky

43
Q

posterior ramus

A

2 way, sensory and motor
serves towards back

44
Q

anterior ramus

A

serves lateral and anterior regions of trunk
cna help make a plexus

45
Q

posterior and anterior ramus will

A

combine, then enter foramen and then branch off

46
Q

meningeal branch

A

meninges of spinal

47
Q

Communicating rami

A

carries motor info from organs- elevates respiratory rates n shit

48
Q

ventral

A

anterior

49
Q

dorsal

A

posterior

50
Q

dermatone

A

area of skin innervated by a particular spinal nerve

51
Q

dermatome map

A

diagrams of areas of skin innervated by each. spinal nerve

52
Q

where does chicken pox remain dormant

A

posterior root ganglia

53
Q

shingles

A

disease effects one side bc it travels down sensory nerves by axonal transport
localized to a dermatome based one what nerve it traveld down

54
Q

somatic reflexes requiremnts

A

stimulation
quick
involuntary
stereotyped (same reaction)

55
Q

visceral reflex

A

glands, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
autonomic nervous system

56
Q

somatic relfec

A

skeletal muscles
somatic nerv system

57
Q

reflex arc steps

A

somatic receptors
afferent nerve fibers intergrading center
efferent nerve fibers
skeletal muscles

58
Q

stretch reflex

A

increased tension in responce to stretch
maintain equilibrium

59
Q

flexor reflex

A

withdrawl of limb from injurious stimulus

60
Q

crossed extension reflex

A

contract extensor muscles in one limb when opp muslce contract
ex standing on one leg

61
Q

tendon reflex

A

inhibition of muscle contraction when tendon is super stretched, to prevent tendon injury

62
Q

how many pars of spinal nerves we got

A

31

anatomy (22 decks)

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