ch 14

Question 1

where does the spinal cord end

Answer 1

l1/l2

Question 2

cauda equina

Answer 2

bundle of nerves at the end of the spine that looks like a horses tail

Question 3

terminal filum

Answer 3

hold spinal cord tight

Question 4

how are spinal nerves named

Answer 4

what vertebra the nerve exits under

Question 5

dura mater

Answer 5

surrounds outer portion of spinal cords

Question 6

arachnoid matter

Answer 6

fiberous, thinner, spiderweb like, middle layer to protect spinal chord

Question 7

pia mater

Answer 7

thin, fine, surround spinal chord, closes to chords

Question 8

epidural space

Answer 8

fat above durra (mater), this is where epidural is stuck (l3/l4)

Question 9

subarachnoid space/ lumbar cistern

Answer 9

below arachnoid matter,
where cerebral spinal fluid is present

Question 10

gray matter

Answer 10

contains somas and dendrites
horns in cross section of vertebra

Question 11

white matter

Answer 11

myelinated axons
containing tracts (nerves/ funiculi)

Question 12

ascending tract

Answer 12

carry sensory info to brain (up)

Question 13

descending tract

Answer 13

carry motor info from brain

Question 14

decussate/ decussation

Answer 14

origin of tract is contralateral to destination

Question 15

tracts that dont cross midline

Answer 15

ipsilateral

Question 16

posterior gray horn

Question 17

lateral gray horn

Answer 17

sympathetic nerve neuron (fight or flight)

Question 18

posterior grey horn

Answer 18

sensory/ afferent nerves
interneuron

Question 19

anterior gray horn

Answer 19

somatic/ motor neruons

Question 20

(a) first order neuron

Answer 20

receptor to spinal cord/brain

Question 21

(a) second order

Answer 21

spinal cord to thalamus (deems info important)
no repectors

Question 22

(a) third order

Answer 22

thalamus to cerebral cortex/ front lobe

Question 23

decussation can occur in

Answer 23

FIRST OR THIRD ORDER ONLY
medulla or spinal chord

Question 24

motor neurons involved in descending tracts

Answer 24

2
upper and lower

Question 25

descending upper

Answer 25

cerebral cortex/ brainstem to spinal

Question 26

descending lower

Answer 26

spinal cord to effector

Question 27

lateral corticospinal decussate where

Answer 27

medulla

Question 28

motor neurons decussate where

Answer 28

level it exits in the spinal chord

Question 29

anterior coritcospinal fibers decussate where

Answer 29

spinal chord

Question 30

afferent

Answer 30

sensory signals from receptors to the CNS

Question 31

efferent fibers

Answer 31

motor signals from CNS to effectors

Question 32

somatic fibers

Answer 32

in skin, skeletal muscles, bones, joints n stuff

Question 33

visceral fibers

Answer 33

in blood vessels, glands, viscera

Question 34

general fibers

Answer 34

in widespread organs such as muscles, skin, glands

Question 35

special fiber

Answer 35

in more localized organs in head ex- eyes, ears, olfactory and taste

Question 36

nerve

Answer 36

several axons wrapped by connective tissue

Question 37

endoneurium wraps

Answer 37

one axon

Question 38

perinerioum wraps

Answer 38

fasicle

Question 39

epineruium wraps

Answer 39

entire nerve

Question 40

dorsal root

Answer 40

posterior sensory info dorsal root ganglion

Question 41

ventral root

Answer 41

motor info

Question 42

dorsal root ganglion

Answer 42

cell bodies and neurons synapse here n stuff bulky

Question 43

posterior ramus

Answer 43

2 way, sensory and motor serves towards back

Question 44

anterior ramus

Answer 44

serves lateral and anterior regions of trunk cna help make a plexus

Question 45

posterior and anterior ramus will

Answer 45

combine, then enter foramen and then branch off

Question 46

meningeal branch

Answer 46

meninges of spinal

Question 47

Communicating rami

Answer 47

carries motor info from organs- elevates respiratory rates n shit

Question 48

ventral

Answer 48

anterior

Question 49

dorsal

Answer 49

posterior

Question 50

dermatone

Answer 50

area of skin innervated by a particular spinal nerve

Question 51

dermatome map

Answer 51

diagrams of areas of skin innervated by each. spinal nerve

Question 52

where does chicken pox remain dormant

Answer 52

posterior root ganglia

Question 53

shingles

Answer 53

disease effects one side bc it travels down sensory nerves by axonal transport localized to a dermatome based one what nerve it traveld down

Question 54

somatic reflexes requiremnts

Answer 54

stimulation quick involuntary stereotyped (same reaction)

Question 55

visceral reflex

Answer 55

glands, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle autonomic nervous system

Question 56

somatic relfec

Answer 56

skeletal muscles somatic nerv system

Question 57

reflex arc steps

Answer 57

somatic receptors afferent nerve fibers intergrading center efferent nerve fibers skeletal muscles

Question 58

stretch reflex

Answer 58

increased tension in responce to stretch maintain equilibrium

Question 59

flexor reflex

Answer 59

withdrawl of limb from injurious stimulus

Question 60

crossed extension reflex

Answer 60

contract extensor muscles in one limb when opp muslce contract ex standing on one leg

Question 61

tendon reflex

Answer 61

inhibition of muscle contraction when tendon is super stretched, to prevent tendon injury

Question 62

how many pars of spinal nerves we got

Answer 62

31