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anatomy > 24 > Flashcards

24 Flashcards

1
Q

Ingestion

A

– intake of food

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2
Q

Digestion

A

– mechanical and chemical
breakdown

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3
Q

Absorption

A

– uptake of nutrients

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4
Q

Compaction

A

– Absorption of water
– Consolidation of indigestible residue

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5
Q

Alimentary canal

A

– Tube from mouth to anus

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6
Q

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

A

– stomach and intestines

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7
Q

Accessory organs

A

shit dont actually pass thru here, help move stuff and stuff

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8
Q

Mucosa

A

the inner most layer
– Lamina propria – loose
connective tissue
– Muscularis mucosae –
smooth muscle

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9
Q

Mucosa Epithelium

A

loose connective, idk mucusy

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10
Q

Submucosa

A

– Loose connective tissue with
vessels and nerves

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11
Q

Muscularis externa

A

– Smooth muscle for
propulsion and mixing
– Inner circular layer and outer
longitudinal laye

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12
Q

Serosa

A

outside
Areolar tissue topped with
simple squamous
mesothelium

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13
Q

– Lamina propria

A

– loose connective tissue

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14
Q

– Muscularis mucosae –

A

smooth muscle

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15
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

independant of spinal cord
Nervous network to esophagus, stomach, intestines

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16
Q

Submucosal plexus

A
  • In the submucosa
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17
Q

Myenteric plexus

A
  • Between the layers of the muscularis externa
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18
Q

peristalsis

A

wave of contraction to propell shit forward
shit presses on calcium gated shits

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19
Q

segmentation

A

mix up shit in intestine

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20
Q

Mesenteries

A

connective tissue sheets holding
abdominal viscera in place, fluid in between membrane

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21
Q

Mesentery proper

A
  • Fan-shaped mesentery that
    connects to the small intestines
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22
Q

Lesser omentum

A
  • extends from lesser curvature of
    stomach to liver
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23
Q

Greater omentum

A
  • hangs down like an apron from
    stomach’s greater curvature
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24
Q

Mesocolon

A
  • mesentery of the colon
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25
Q

oral/ buccal cavity

A

where you chew n shit

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26
Q

Labial frenulum (2)

A

median fold attaching lip to gum

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27
Q

Vestibule

A

– space just inside lips and cheeks

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28
Q

palate

A

maxiall and palatine bone
hard roof

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29
Q

soft palate

A

uvula
palatoglossal arch
palatopharyngeal arch

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30
Q

tonsils

A

palatine (back?)
lingual (base)

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31
Q

tongue parts

A

lignual papillae
body (first 2/3rd)
root

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32
Q

Lingual frenulum –

A

tongue attachment to floor of
mouth

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33
Q

deglutination

A

swallowing
voluntary phase
pharyneal phase (close)
esophageal phase (push shit down)

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34
Q

swallowing coordinated by

A

by swallowing center of medulla
autonomic after chewing

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35
Q

teeth

A

dentition

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36
Q

mastication

A

chewing

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37
Q

incisors teeth

A

chisel (8 total)

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38
Q

canines teeth

A

puncture and shred

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39
Q

premolar and molars

A

crush and grind
8 pre and 12 molar

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40
Q

how many deciduous and permanent teeth

A

20 vs 32

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41
Q

teeth location

A

in mandible or maxilla

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42
Q

alveolus

A

socket

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43
Q

Periodontal ligament

A

attach teeth to socket
fibery

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44
Q

cementum

A

hard connective tissue to let the ligaments to connect to tooth

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45
Q

gingiva

A

around neck of tooth

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46
Q

enamel

A

covers crown and internal structure

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47
Q

dentin

A

internal layer right below enamel
connective, strong, structural

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48
Q

pulp cavity and root canal

A

spaces for nerves and vessels

49
Q

extrinsic salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

50
Q

intrinsic salivary glands

A

Many small lingual, labial, and
buccal glands

51
Q

Parotid

A

– near ear/ cheek
biggest
* Duct opens at 2nd upper molar

52
Q

Submandibular

A

– under jaw
* Duct opens at lower central
incisors

53
Q

Sublingual – under tongue

A
  • Several duct openings under
    tongue
54
Q

Tubuloacinar

A

salivary gland structure

55
Q

Saliva contains

A

– Amylase and lipase
– Mucus
– Lysozyme- fight pathogen
– Immunoglobulin A
– Electrolytes

56
Q

what passes food

A

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
(bc Deep longitudinal layer and superficial circular layer)

57
Q

Esophagus is to trachea

A

posterior

58
Q

esophagus ends at

A

Ends at lower esophageal sphincter located at the cardiac orifice to stomach

59
Q

esophagus starts at

A

behind larynx

60
Q

esophagus passes thru

A

through esophageal hiatus of diaphragm

61
Q

stomach general structures

A
  • Lesser curvature
  • Greater curvature
  • Cardiac region
  • Fundic region
  • Body
  • Pyloric region
    -Gastric rugae
62
Q

stomach lesser curve

A

attached to liver, smaller

63
Q

fundic region of stomach

A

food kinda gets stored here

64
Q

plyoric region

A

– Antrum
– Pyloric canal
– Pyloric sphincter
regulate if food is moving into instestine

65
Q

gastric rugae

A

Longitudinal folds in empty
stomach

66
Q

Smooth muscle of the stomach

A

longitudinal, circular, oblique

67
Q

Gastric pits of mucosa with glands ph

A

ph of like 2

68
Q

gastic pit mucous cell

A

make basic mucus to protect us from acid

69
Q

Parietal cells secrete

A

– HCl, intrinsic factor (b12), ghrelin

70
Q

Chief cells

A

– pepsinogen (break down portien bodns), gastric lipase (break down lipids)

71
Q

Enteroendocrine cells

A

hormones

72
Q

what prevents seepage of gastric juice

A

gap junctions

73
Q

how often are epithelial cells ares replaced

A

3-6 days

74
Q

most nutrients absorbed in the

A

small intestine

75
Q

villi

A

– Enterocytes (absorptive
cells)
– Goblet cells
– Lacteals
- simple columnar?

76
Q

villi face the

A

small intestine lumen

77
Q

– Lacteals

A

– lymphatics for lipid absorption

78
Q

Intestinal crypts

A

– goblet
and absorptive cells
– Paneth cells –

79
Q

– Paneth cells –

A

enteroendocrine; secrete
lysozyme,

80
Q

Duodenum

A

Receives and mixes stomach contents, pancreatic juice,
and bile

81
Q

Minor duodenal papilla

A

for accessory pancreatic duct
juice only

82
Q

Major duodenal papilla

A

for bile and pancreatic ducts

83
Q

Jejunum

A

Mostly within umbilical region
Most digestion and absorption occur
here

84
Q

ileum

A

longest
has peyer patches and ileocecal jjunctions

85
Q

illeocecal junction

A

ileocecal valve
bn illeum and cecum
controls chyme moves into smth

86
Q

cecum

A

entry way to ascending colon
“pouch”

87
Q

ascending colon

A
  • On the right
  • Right colic flexure
88
Q

transverse colon

A
  • Left colic flexure
89
Q

decending colon

A
  • On the left
90
Q

sigmoid colon

A
  • S-shaped
91
Q

appendix

A

harbors immune cells, good gut bacteria

92
Q

Taeniae coli

A

– muscle-
large intestine

93
Q

Haustra

A

– pouches- will help segment stuff in large intestine

94
Q

rectum

A

Transverse rectal folds
(valves) will hold up doo doo
– retain feces

95
Q

anal canal has

A

anal colums
anal sinuses
internal and external anal sphincters

96
Q

anal columns

A

folds

97
Q

anal sinuses

A

depressions between folds

98
Q

large intestine epithelium

A

mostly simple columnar
lymphatic tissue
mucosa for fluid/ electrolyte absorption

99
Q

anal canal epithelium

A

stratified squamous

100
Q

there are no - or - in the large intestines

A

villi or circular folds

101
Q

order of digestive system

A

duodenum
jejunum
illeium
cecum
ascending colon
transverse
decending
sigmoid
rectum

102
Q

liver

A

big as hell
produces bile

103
Q

Bilirubin

A

– decomposition of hemoglobin
green

104
Q

Urobilinogen

A
  • Metabolized bilirubin
    yellow
    makes piss yellow
105
Q

Stercobilin

A

Metabolized urobilinogen
* Gives feces brown color

106
Q

Bile acids/lecithin

A

– emulsify fats

107
Q

falciform ligament

A

– separates R. lobe from L. lobe

108
Q

Lobes of liver

A

right (largest), left, quadrate, and caudate

109
Q

Porta hepatis

A

– area between quadrate and caudate lobes

110
Q

Round ligament

A

– remnant of umbilical vein
used ot bypass the liver when you where cooking up in your mama

111
Q
  • Bare area
A

touching diaphragm
no need for serous membrane

112
Q

Hepatic lobules

A

– small cylinders with
central vein, radiating plates of hepatocytes

113
Q

Hepatic sinusoids

A

– leaky capillaries

114
Q

Hepatic macrophages

A

– clean blood

115
Q

Bile canaliculi

A

lead to bile ductules

116
Q

hepatic portal system

A

add later

117
Q

gallbladder

A

store bile on underside
concentrates biles

118
Q

gallbladder regions

A

fundus (head)
cervix (next)

119
Q

cystic duct

A

gallbaldder to small intestine

anatomy (20 decks)

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