24 Flashcards
1
Q
Ingestion
A
– intake of food
2
Q
Digestion
A
– mechanical and chemical
breakdown
3
Q
Absorption
A
– uptake of nutrients
4
Q
Compaction
A
– Absorption of water
– Consolidation of indigestible residue
5
Q
Alimentary canal
A
– Tube from mouth to anus
6
Q
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
A
– stomach and intestines
7
Q
Accessory organs
A
shit dont actually pass thru here, help move stuff and stuff
8
Q
Mucosa
A
the inner most layer
– Lamina propria – loose
connective tissue
– Muscularis mucosae –
smooth muscle
9
Q
Mucosa Epithelium
A
loose connective, idk mucusy
10
Q
Submucosa
A
– Loose connective tissue with
vessels and nerves
11
Q
Muscularis externa
A
– Smooth muscle for
propulsion and mixing
– Inner circular layer and outer
longitudinal laye
12
Q
Serosa
A
outside
Areolar tissue topped with
simple squamous
mesothelium
13
Q
– Lamina propria
A
– loose connective tissue
14
Q
– Muscularis mucosae –
A
smooth muscle
15
Q
Enteric nervous system
A
independant of spinal cord
Nervous network to esophagus, stomach, intestines
16
Q
Submucosal plexus
A
- In the submucosa
17
Q
Myenteric plexus
A
- Between the layers of the muscularis externa
18
Q
peristalsis
A
wave of contraction to propell shit forward
shit presses on calcium gated shits
19
Q
segmentation
A
mix up shit in intestine
20
Q
Mesenteries
A
connective tissue sheets holding
abdominal viscera in place, fluid in between membrane
21
Q
Mesentery proper
A
- Fan-shaped mesentery that
connects to the small intestines
22
Q
Lesser omentum
A
- extends from lesser curvature of
stomach to liver
23
Q
Greater omentum
A
- hangs down like an apron from
stomach’s greater curvature
24
Q
Mesocolon
A
- mesentery of the colon
25
oral/ buccal cavity
where you chew n shit
26
Labial frenulum (2)
median fold attaching lip to gum
27
Vestibule
– space just inside lips and cheeks
28
palate
maxiall and palatine bone
hard roof
29
soft palate
uvula
palatoglossal arch
palatopharyngeal arch
30
tonsils
palatine (back?)
lingual (base)
31
tongue parts
lignual papillae
body (first 2/3rd)
root
32
Lingual frenulum –
tongue attachment to floor of
mouth
33
deglutination
swallowing
voluntary phase
pharyneal phase (close)
esophageal phase (push shit down)
34
swallowing coordinated by
by swallowing center of medulla
autonomic after chewing
35
teeth
dentition
36
mastication
chewing
37
incisors teeth
chisel (8 total)
38
canines teeth
puncture and shred
39
premolar and molars
crush and grind
8 pre and 12 molar
40
how many deciduous and permanent teeth
20 vs 32
41
teeth location
in mandible or maxilla
42
alveolus
socket
43
Periodontal ligament
attach teeth to socket
fibery
44
cementum
hard connective tissue to let the ligaments to connect to tooth
45
gingiva
around neck of tooth
46
enamel
covers crown and internal structure
47
dentin
internal layer right below enamel
connective, strong, structural
48
pulp cavity and root canal
spaces for nerves and vessels
49
extrinsic salivary glands
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
50
intrinsic salivary glands
Many small lingual, labial, and
buccal glands
51
Parotid
– near ear/ cheek
biggest
* Duct opens at 2nd upper molar
52
Submandibular
– under jaw
* Duct opens at lower central
incisors
53
Sublingual – under tongue
* Several duct openings under
tongue
54
Tubuloacinar
salivary gland structure
55
Saliva contains
– Amylase and lipase
– Mucus
– Lysozyme- fight pathogen
– Immunoglobulin A
– Electrolytes
56
what passes food
Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
(bc Deep longitudinal layer and superficial circular layer)
57
Esophagus is to trachea
posterior
58
esophagus ends at
Ends at lower esophageal sphincter located at the cardiac orifice to stomach
59
esophagus starts at
behind larynx
60
esophagus passes thru
through esophageal hiatus of diaphragm
61
stomach general structures
* Lesser curvature
* Greater curvature
* Cardiac region
* Fundic region
* Body
* Pyloric region
-Gastric rugae
62
stomach lesser curve
attached to liver, smaller
63
fundic region of stomach
food kinda gets stored here
64
plyoric region
– Antrum
– Pyloric canal
– Pyloric sphincter
regulate if food is moving into instestine
65
gastric rugae
Longitudinal folds in empty
stomach
66
Smooth muscle of the stomach
longitudinal, circular, oblique
67
Gastric pits of mucosa with glands ph
ph of like 2
68
gastic pit mucous cell
make basic mucus to protect us from acid
69
Parietal cells secrete
– HCl, intrinsic factor (b12), ghrelin
70
Chief cells
– pepsinogen (break down portien bodns), gastric lipase (break down lipids)
71
Enteroendocrine cells
hormones
72
what prevents seepage of gastric juice
gap junctions
73
how often are epithelial cells ares replaced
3-6 days
74
most nutrients absorbed in the
small intestine
75
villi
– Enterocytes (absorptive
cells)
– Goblet cells
– Lacteals
- simple columnar?
76
villi face the
small intestine lumen
77
– Lacteals
– lymphatics for lipid absorption
78
Intestinal crypts
– goblet
and absorptive cells
– Paneth cells –
79
– Paneth cells –
enteroendocrine; secrete
lysozyme,
80
Duodenum
Receives and mixes stomach contents, pancreatic juice,
and bile
81
Minor duodenal papilla
for accessory pancreatic duct
juice only
82
Major duodenal papilla
for bile and pancreatic ducts
83
Jejunum
Mostly within umbilical region
Most digestion and absorption occur
here
84
ileum
longest
has peyer patches and ileocecal jjunctions
85
illeocecal junction
ileocecal valve
bn illeum and cecum
controls chyme moves into smth
86
cecum
entry way to ascending colon
"pouch"
87
ascending colon
* On the right
* Right colic flexure
88
transverse colon
* Left colic flexure
89
decending colon
* On the left
90
sigmoid colon
* S-shaped
91
appendix
harbors immune cells, good gut bacteria
92
Taeniae coli
– muscle-
large intestine
93
Haustra
– pouches- will help segment stuff in large intestine
94
rectum
Transverse rectal folds
(valves) will hold up doo doo
– retain feces
95
anal canal has
anal colums
anal sinuses
internal and external anal sphincters
96
anal columns
folds
97
anal sinuses
depressions between folds
98
large intestine epithelium
mostly simple columnar
lymphatic tissue
mucosa for fluid/ electrolyte absorption
99
anal canal epithelium
stratified squamous
100
there are no - or - in the large intestines
villi or circular folds
101
order of digestive system
duodenum
jejunum
illeium
cecum
ascending colon
transverse
decending
sigmoid
rectum
102
liver
big as hell
produces bile
103
Bilirubin
– decomposition of hemoglobin
green
104
Urobilinogen
* Metabolized bilirubin
yellow
makes piss yellow
105
Stercobilin
Metabolized urobilinogen
* Gives feces brown color
106
Bile acids/lecithin
– emulsify fats
107
falciform ligament
– separates R. lobe from L. lobe
108
Lobes of liver
right (largest), left, quadrate, and caudate
109
Porta hepatis
– area between quadrate and caudate lobes
110
Round ligament
– remnant of umbilical vein
used ot bypass the liver when you where cooking up in your mama
111
* Bare area
touching diaphragm
no need for serous membrane
112
Hepatic lobules
– small cylinders with
central vein, radiating plates of hepatocytes
113
Hepatic sinusoids
– leaky capillaries
114
Hepatic macrophages
– clean blood
115
Bile canaliculi
lead to bile ductules
116
hepatic portal system
add later
117
gallbladder
store bile on underside
concentrates biles
118
gallbladder regions
fundus (head)
cervix (next)
119
cystic duct
gallbaldder to small intestine
