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anatomy > 23 > Flashcards

23 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Respiratory System

A

gas exchange, speech, smell, ph control, BP regulation, pressure gradients for lymph and blood, shitting

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2
Q

angiotensin

A

helps regulate BP

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3
Q

conducting division

A

carrying air- nose to bronchles
passages for air flow
(without exchange of
gases)

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4
Q

Respiratory division –

A

aveoli
gas exchange areas

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5
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea through lungs
more severe

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6
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

Nose through larynx

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7
Q

nose function

A

Warms, humidifies, and cleanses air;
detects odors; resonates voice

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8
Q

nose shaped by

A

Externally shaped by nasal bones
and alar and lateral cartilages

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9
Q

nasal cavity divided into and separated by

A

right and left
nasal septum

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10
Q

Nasal septum

A

– Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
– Vomer
– Septal cartilage

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11
Q

Anterior opening

A

– External nares – nostrils

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12
Q

Posterior opening

A

– Posterior nasal apertures - Choana
into nasopharynx

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13
Q

Vestibule

A

chamber just inside nostril

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14
Q

nose hairs

A

– Guard hairs, vibrissae
keep shit out

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15
Q

nasal conchae

A

superior, middle, inferior
on lat walls

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16
Q

meatuses

A

superior, middle, inferior
narrow passages
helps warm

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17
Q

respiratory epithelia

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar
epithelium with goblet cells

olfactory

Erectile tissue

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18
Q

nasopharynx

A

behind choanae/ soft palate to
has:
tonsil, auditory tube

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19
Q

oropharynx

A

behind soft palate to epiglottis

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20
Q

nasopharynx epithelium

A

Pseudostratified epithelium with goo

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21
Q

oropharynx epithilium

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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22
Q

laryngopharynx epithelium

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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23
Q

laryngopharynx

A

From superior tip of epiglottis to
esophagus

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24
Q

larynx

A

4 cm long
cartilage
Keeps food and drink out of
the airways

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25
Q

epiglottis

A

elastic cartilage
pulls larynx up while the tongue pushes down while swallowing

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26
Q

vestibular folds

A

Close during swallowing

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27
Q

larynx helps with

A

speech/ phonation
bc it as the vocal folds

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28
Q

vocal folds/ chords

A

– Inferior to vestib folds
– Contain the vocal ligaments
– Produce sound

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29
Q

glottis

A

– Opening between vocal folds

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30
Q

the further the vocal chords, the - the voice

A

deeper

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31
Q

tracheal wall/ inner lining cell types present

A
  • Respiratory epithelium
  • Basal stem cells
32
Q

trachea

A

wind pipe
12 cm long on average
anterior to esophagus

33
Q

tracheal cartilage

A

c shapped

34
Q

trachealis

A

smooth muscle on posterior
will give a little wiggle room when you choke n shitt

35
Q

Carina

A

internal median ridge on
lowest tracheal cartilage
will split here
if shit on here, will caugh

36
Q

tracheal wall mucociliary escalator

A

the hairs will beat mucous towards shit in trachea to make sure it no stick

37
Q

Adventitia layer in tracheal wall

A

outermost
connects trachea to neighboring organs

38
Q

lobular bronchi (2nd)

A

3 on right, 2 on left

39
Q

right bronchi

A

more verticle, wider than left

40
Q

segmental bronchi (3)

A

10 on right
8 on left

41
Q

Bronchioles

A

1 mm or less in diameter
splits into over 50 terminal bronchioles

42
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

Final branches of conducting zone

43
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

Have alveoli (where gas exchange is)

44
Q

Alveolar ducts

A

Elongated in alveoli

45
Q

Alveolar sac

A

– Cluster around atrium

46
Q

Cardiac impression/ notch

A

notch on left lung to accommodate the heart

47
Q

mediastinal surface of the lungs

A

inner surface

48
Q

costal surface of lung

A

the smooth, convex outer surface of the lung that’s in contact with the rib cage

49
Q

hilum of mediastinal surface

A

slit

50
Q

right lobes

A

superior middle inferior

51
Q

horizontal fissure

A

Between superior and middle lobe of right lung

52
Q

Oblique fissures

A

slanted fissure in both lungs

53
Q

Squamous (type I) /alveolar/ palmer cells

A

simple squamous thin and spread out
95% of surface area
help with gas exchange

54
Q

Great (type II) alveolar cells

A

– 5% of surface area
– most numerous
– make surfactant
– Repair alveolar epithelium

55
Q

surfactant is

A

(phospholipids and protein)
disrupt h bonding

56
Q

Alveolar macrophages

A

will target dust cells and other small shits

57
Q

respiratory membrane layers

A

squamous alveolar
basement membrane
capillary endothelial cells

58
Q

air pathway from nose

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
larynopharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
aveoli

59
Q

Visceral pleura

A

On lung surface

60
Q

Parietal pleura

A

On inner surface of rib cage

61
Q

Pleural cavity

A

-between visceral and parietal pleurae
-Contains pleural fluid
-reduced friction

62
Q

how pleural cavity creates pressure gradient

A

Attaches lung to thorax wall so thorax movements change lung pressure

63
Q

pleural cavity role in infection

A

prevents spread to or from nearby organs

64
Q

diaphragm

A

Prime mover of pulmonary
ventilation
Relaxes for expiration

65
Q

diaphragm for inspiration

A

Contraction pulls it down
and enlarges thoracic cavity
for inspiration

66
Q

External intercostal mm

A

Elevate the ribs in respiration

67
Q

Internal intercostal mm

A

– Depresses the ribs (passive)
– Helps elevate the ribs (intercartilaginous part)

68
Q

Respiratory centers of the
medulla oblongata

A

ventral (anterior)
dorsal (posterior)

69
Q

Ventral respiratory group
(VRG)

A

primary respiratory pacemaker

70
Q

Dorsal respiratory group
(DRG)

A

– signals VRG to modify breathing

71
Q

Respiratory centers of the
pons

A

– Pontine Respiratory Group

72
Q

aging resp system

A

ventilation down (lose elastic)
less alveoli
more infections
obstructive pulmonary disease more

73
Q

emphysema

A

destruction of alveolar tissue
need to work harder overall

74
Q

COVID 19 first sign radiographic features

A

Ground Glass Opacities

75
Q

COVID 19 second sign radiographic features

A

Solid consolidation –bc fluid accumulation
Can be paired with ground
glass opacities

76
Q

COVID 19 severe sign radiographic features

A

– Crazy paving pattern –
Interlobular septal
thickening
– Over opacities

anatomy (22 decks)

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