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anatomy > 18 > Flashcards

18 Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine glands are

A

ductless and secrete internally

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2
Q

hormones

A

chemical messengers in the blood stream
can be distant

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3
Q

hormones secreted by

A

endocrine glands or speciallized cells in other organs

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4
Q

endocirne effect speed and duration

A

slower, longer

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5
Q

endocrine targets

A

wider variety, far targets

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6
Q

neruoendocrine cells

A

when nervous system and endocrine collab

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7
Q

hypophyseal portal system

A

blood vessels that connect hypothalamus and anterior pit gland
caused hormones to be released from pit

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8
Q

posterior pit gland how much it makes up

A

1/3

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9
Q

somatostatin

A

inhibituory relsease of growth hormone and thyroid stuff

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10
Q

posterior pit gland

A

to store and release the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone).

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11
Q

oxytocin

A

mommy baby bond hormone
organsim hormone

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12
Q

neruohypophysis

A

nervous tissue like axons of hypothalamic neruons from hypo-hypo tract

a part of the pituitary gland that stores and releases hormones that regulate fluid balance and reproductive function

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13
Q

acidophils and basophils

A

hormone secreting cells in anterior lobe

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14
Q

acromegly

A

excess growth hormone secretion after puberty
cna be becasue of a tumor

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15
Q

anter pit gland secrete

A

gowth hormone

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16
Q

Pituitary drawfism

A

too little secretion of growth hormone in childhood

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17
Q

pineal glnad/ epiphysis cerebri location

A

roof of thrid ventricle
posterior end of corpus collosum

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18
Q

pineal glnad/ epiphysis cerebri

A

releases meletonin
circadian rythm and mood

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19
Q

pinela gland involution at

A

puberity (75%)

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20
Q

thymus

A

bilobed gland
maturation of white blood cells (T)
hormons to stim lymphatic organs
role in immunity

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21
Q

thymus size in infants

A

larges asf, shrink at 14

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22
Q

hormon stim lymp organs are

A

thymopoietin, thymosin, thymulin

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23
Q

thyroid gland (bilobes) joined by

A

isthmus

24
Q

thyroid follicles

A

sacs wit hormone and follicular cells
C cells (calcitonin)

25
Q

hormones made by thyroid

A

thyriod hormone, thyroxone, triiodothyronine (rasies metabolic rate)
t3 t4 (4 is inactive)
calcitonin

26
Q

calcitonin (thyroid)

A

deposits calcium in bones

27
Q

parathyroids

A

four small oval glands on posterior side of thyroid
location can vary

28
Q

parathyroid role

A

secrete parathyroid hormone by chief cells to raise calcium in blood
break down bone matrix to do this

29
Q

ebdemic goiter

A

iodine lacking, too much thyroid hormone being release (bc feedback)

30
Q

graves disease

A

autoimmune
autoantibodies mimic effect of TSH to secrete thyroid hormone
eyes buldge

31
Q

adrenal glands/ superarenal location

A

above kidney

32
Q

adrenal medulla

A

10-20% of gland
central
chromaffin cells secrete epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, adrenaline espqe
raises metabolic rate

33
Q

adrenal matrix

A

80-90%
steroid hormones
mineralcoryicoids, sex steroids, corticosteroids

34
Q

xona glomerulosa

A

outter, thin,
mineralcoriticoid

35
Q

zona fasciculata

A

Glucocorticoid
mid layer
sex steroid
energy perserve

36
Q
A
37
Q

zona recticularis

A

sex steroids (estrogen, n stuff)
bottom layer

37
Q

adrenogenital syndrome

A

adrenal cortex lacks enzymes needs for cortisol and aldosterone
makes extra random sex hormones (androgens) gives girls BALLS

38
Q

alpha cell (pancreas)

A

glucagon causes rise in blood sugar- release gulcose

38
Q

cushing syndrome

A

ACTH oversecreted by antierior pit gland and glucocorticoid by adrenal

stores fat in random ass places

38
Q

delta cells (pancre)

A

somatostatin regulates speed of digestion (relsease glucogon and insulin)

39
Q

beta cells (pancre)

A

insulin causes absorption of blood sugar- store glucose

39
Q

ovaries

A

secrete estrogen (from gran cell of follicle)
secrete progesterone (from corpus luteum)
inhibin inhibits FSH secretion

39
Q

corpus luteum

A

thicken uterine lining by secretign hormones

40
Q

testes

A

interstitial cell make testosterone, regualte sex drive, sperm production

41
Q

sustentacular cells

A

make up walls and shit of testes
inhibins inhibits FSH secretion

42
Q

liver secrete

A

angiotensinogen
blood pressure increase

43
Q

kidney secrete

A

renin- blood pressure up
erythropoietin- red blood cell production

44
Q

heart

A

natriuretic peptides - casues change sin sodium concentration with blood pressure changes

45
Q

stomach

A

ghrelin- tells you to eat

46
Q

adipose tissue

A

leptin- tells you to stop eat

47
Q

placenta

A

estrogen and porgesterone

48
Q

what shit shrinks as you age

A

adrenal, thymus, and pinela gland

49
Q

insulin secretion as you age

A

decline

50
Q

ovarian decline leads to

A

increased risk of cardio disease, osteroporosis, dementia

51
Q

thyroid bas you age

A

decline, less target cell ability to convert t4 to t3

anatomy (18 decks)

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