Ch 51 LAST TEST

Question 1

antidiarrheals

Answer 1

agents given to treat diarrhea. relieves symptoms OR works against the cause.

Question 2

types of antidiarrheals

Answer 2

adsorbents
anticholinergics
opiates
intestinal flora modifiers

Question 3

adsorbent antidiarrheals

Answer 3

coat the walls of the gi tract binding to the causative bacteria or toxin and eliminates it from the body in feces.

Question 4

examples of adsorbent antidiarrheals

Answer 4

Pepto-Bismol/kaopectate

activated charcoal

Question 5

kaopectate, Pepto-Bismol

Answer 5

adsorbent antidiarrheals
salicylate
Onset: 30 min
8 doses per day taken after loose bm

Question 6

activated charcoal

Answer 6

adsorbent antidarrheal
for overdose
removes toxins from large intestines shortly after they are ingested BEFORE absorption

Question 7

Anticholinergic antidiarrheals (belladonna-alkaloids)

Answer 7

given to slow down gi motility.

treats ACUTE diarrhea

Question 8

Example of anticholinergic antidiarrheal

Answer 8

Donnatal

Question 9

Opiate antidiarrheals

Answer 9

decrease motility and peristalsis

treats ACUTE diarrhea

Question 10

examples of opiate antidiarrheals

Answer 10

paregoric (opium)
Lomotil: demerol like ingredient w/ atropine
Immodium

Question 11

Intestinal flora modifiers (probiotics)

Answer 11

lactobacillus acidophilusreplaces the balance of normal flora and suppresses the growth of diarrhea causing bacteria

Question 12

examples of intestinal flora modifiers

Answer 12

Bacid

Lactinex

Question 13

Laxatives

Answer 13

used for treatment of constipation. Promote bowel movement by affecting fecal consistency, speeding movement, or removing stool from rectum.

Question 14

types of Laxatives

Answer 14

Hyperosmolar laxatives
dietary fiber and bulk-forming laxatives
emollient laxatives
stimulant laxatives
lubricant laxatives

Question 15

Hyperosmolar laxatives

Answer 15

work by osmosis causing fluid accumulation, intestines distant, and peristalsis occurs

Question 16

Examples of hyperosmolar laxatives

Answer 16

glycerin suppositories: est bowel habits
cephulac: reduces ammonia levels
milk of magnesia: clear bowel
fleet enema

Question 17

dietary fiver and bulk forming laxatives

Answer 17

plant food not digested in small intestine (fiber) increases fecal bulk and water content to promote peristalsis. treats consistency constipation (for pts who should not strain)

Question 18

examples of dietary fiber and bulk forming laxatives

Answer 18

Fibercon

Metamucil

Question 19

emollient laxatives

Answer 19

stool softeners used to prevent constipation. reduces surface tension of interfacing liquid bowel contents, promoting fluid accumulation in the bowel and soften the stool.
onset is SEVERAL DAYS

Question 20

example of emollient laxatives

Answer 20

Colace

Question 21

stimulant laxatives

Answer 21

for acute constipation and bowel preps. they are irritant cathartics. they irritate intestinal mucosa or increase motility. cause EXPLOSIVE diarrhea.

Question 22

Examples of stimulant laxatives

Answer 22

Dulcolax
Senokot
castor oil

Question 23

lubricant laxatives

Answer 23

increase water retention in the bowel and stool by creating a barrier between the colon wall and feces. this prevents reabsorption of fecal water int he large intestine.

Question 24

example of lubricant laxatives

Answer 24

Mineral oil: onset 6-8 hr after po, 1/2-2 hr after rectal. used when they should not strain, or for impaction removal.
remember this interferes with abs of fat sol vitamines ADEK
stay upright for 2 hrs and not given around meals.

Question 25

SS of fat sol vitamin def

Answer 25

A: night blindness
D: restlessness and irritability
E: intermittent claudication
K: abnormal bleeding tendency

Question 26

things that slow motility

Answer 26

antihistamine
iron
alcohol
dairy
chocolate

Question 27

drug for IBS

Answer 27

Zelnorm: for IBS with constipation for women under 55 yr. restricted availability tied to heart risks.