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Pharmacology > Ch 17 (test 3) > Flashcards

Ch 17 (test 3) Flashcards

1
Q

psychotherapeutics

A

treatment of emotional and mental disorders.

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2
Q

Psychotropic drug is a treatment option when…

A

a patient is not able to cope with environment to perform activities of daily living and to interact socially with others.

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3
Q

Anti-depressant agents

A

given for clinical depression to increase concentration of catecholamines in the brain.

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4
Q

clinical depression

A

an affective disorder presented by an over-whelming sadness despair, hopelessness that is inappropriate to the events. (major depression).

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5
Q

major depression signs

A 
lack of energy
sleep disorders
no appetite
limited libido
inability to do activities of daily living
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6
Q

Biogenic-amine theory of depression

A

clinical depression occurs when there is an imbalance of certain catecholamines at the adrenergic receptor site in the brain (norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine)

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7
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s)

A
  1. Newer antidepressant with fewer side effects but not quite as effective (affects only serotonin)
  2. First line
  3. takes 4-6 weeks to kick in.
  4. Side effects include: insomnia, sexual dysfunction, and weight gain.
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8
Q

Examples of SSRI’s

A

Prozac
Paxil
Zoloft

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9
Q

TCA’s (tricyclic antidepressants)

A
  1. prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters, letting them increase concentration at the receptor site.
  2. 2nd line
  3. also used for neuropathic pain and insomnia
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10
Q

amitriptyline (Elavil)

A
  1. TCA
  2. don’t take with MAOI’s
  3. pregnancy category D
  4. caution w/ cardiac disease, psychosis, seizure history
  5. SE: CNS increases anxiety and H/A
    CARDIAC:tachy cardia, ortho hypotension
    GI: weight gain, constipation, dry mouth
    OVERDOSE: use charcoal and na bicarb.
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11
Q

MAOI’s monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A
  1. inhibits MAOs to prevent breakdown of norepinephrine and serotonin
  2. highly effective but requires diet changes
  3. SE: dizziness and insomnia
  4. Hypertensive crisis: occurs w/ tyramine
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12
Q

Tyramine

A

ages cheeses, smoke/pickled meats, yeast, red wines, lava beans, beer, avocados.

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13
Q

Examples of MAOI’s

A

Nardil, selegiline transdermal patch (Emsam)

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14
Q

Signs of MAOI tyramine interaction

A
  1. severe occipital headache
  2. facial flushing and sweating
  3. N&V
  4. Chest pain and palpitations
  5. photophobia
  6. increased systolic and diastolic bp
  7. nifedipine (Procardia) given to decrease bp and counteract interaction.
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15
Q

Selegiline patch

A
  1. 24 hours
  2. can have some tyramine
  3. avoid heat exposure
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16
Q

newest antidepresant drugs

A
  1. Lexapro
  2. Cymbalta
  3. Wellbutrin (also for cigarette cessation)
  4. Zyban
17
Q

Antipsychotic agents

A

drugs used to treat psychosis

18
Q

psychosis

A

a biochemical imbalance that produces thought disorders.

19
Q

Schitzophrenia

A

most common psychotic disorder in which the pt has delusion, hallucinations and inappropriate responses to stimuli. NOT a cure.

20
Q

Anti-psychotic drugs/ neuroleptic agents.

A

dopamine receptor blockers so that the post-synaptic neurons cannot be stimulated by dopamine.
ALso depress the Reticular activating system

21
Q

Examples of anti-psychotic drugs

A

Thorazine, Haldol, Navane, Abilify, Loxitane, Clozaril

22
Q

SE of anti- psychotic drugs

A 
Chemical restraints/sedation
weight gain
change urine color (pink/reddish brown)
bone marrow suppression
grapefruit juice; increases drug effectiveness slowing metabolation of the drug.
23
Q

Extrapyramidal effects

A

permanent side effects of anti-psychotic drugs

  1. pseudoparkinsonism
  2. dystonia
  3. akathesia
  4. tardive dyskinesia
24
Q

NMS Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

life threatening response with prolonged use to antipsychotic drugs

  1. tachycardia
  2. decreased LOC
  3. high fever
  4. incontinence
  5. diaphoresis
  6. extrapyramidial effects
25
Q

antimanic drugs

A

mood stabilizing drugs given to treat mania associated with bipolar disorder.

26
Q

Mania

A

excessive emotional state: excitement, elation, agitation, flight of ideas, excessive talking, and fleeting attention. May have violent, destructiveor self-destructive behavior.

27
Q

Lithium

A

mainstay for treatment of mania.

  1. salt that changes the Na ion transport in nerve cells resulting in a change in catecholamine metabolism decreasing the responsiveness of hyperactive neurons in the brain.
  2. therapeutic range .6-1.2 (2.0 toxic)
  3. toxicity signs: cardiac arrhythmia, drowsiness and slurred speech, seizures, and death.
  4. normal Na levels needed 135-145
  5. lithium is increased during acute manic episodes.

Pharmacology (31 decks)

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