Ch 50 (test 12) Flashcards
antacids
neutralize gastric acids and raise the pH of the stomach to relieve heart burn and the pain associated with gastric disorders. Also, stimulates mucous production to serve as a protective barrier against HCL.
3 forms of antacid
Aluminum
Magnesium
Calcium
Onset and durration of antacids
O: 10 min (taken after meals)
D: 2 hours
SE of all antacids
rebound hyperacidity
Na retention
gi disturbances
electrolyte disturbances
SE of Aluminum antacids
constipation
hypophosphatemia: anorexia, malaise, muscle weakness
hypercalcemia:
SE of magnesium antacids
diarrhea
hypermagnesemia: hypotension, N&V, EKG changes.
Chelation
chemical inactivation of other drugs that produces insoluble complexes (occurs commonly with antacids)
Examples of antacid drugs
Maalox: Al-Mg
Mylanta: Mg-Al w/ simethicone
Tums: Ca
MOM milk of magnesia: Mg
do not use magnesium antacids when
pregnant/ lactation
renal insufficiency
H-2 antagonists
decrease the release of histamine and decrease gastric acidity (decreases volume and acidity of parietal cell secretions). Given before meals and HS. (no caffeine or smoking)
examples of H-2 antagonists
Tagamet, cimetidine
Zantac, ranitidine
famotidine, Pepcid
Axid, nazatidine
Proton pump inhibitors
suppress gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the enzyme system that produces gastric acid on the secretory surface of gastric parietal cells ( no transport of H+)
HEAL ULCERS
only used short term (4-8 wks)
given 30-60 minutes before meals
avoid smoking ASA NSAIDS
Proton pump examples
Prilosec
Nexium
Prontonix
Carafate, sucralafate
forms a barrier that attaches at the ulcer site for up to 6 hours. Long term ulcer. 4x daily 1 hr before meals (empty stomach) and HS.
Cytotec, misoprostol
for peptic ulcers. causes uterine contractions.
