Ch 38 + 39 (test 10)

Question 1

adverse reactions to anti-infective drugs

Answer 1

1. renal damage
2. GI toxicity
3. Liver damage
4. Neurotoxicity
5. Hypersensitivity
6. Super infections

Question 2

Signs and symptoms of infection

Answer 2

come from the immune response
fever/chills
lethargy
redness, heat, swelling
pain
weight loss
increased WBC
pus

Question 3

gram + and gram -

Answer 3

gram + retains stain easier to kill

gram - can be “destained” and is harder to kill because it’s cell wall is more complex.

Question 4

Drugs for VRE and MRSA

Answer 4

Synertcid (IV)

Zyvox (IV, PO)

Question 5

Sulfonamides

Answer 5

older group of drugs called SULFA drugs.
inhibit folic acid synthesis
lots of allergies
broad spectrum
affect the kidneys
alternate birth control

Question 6

examples of sulfa drugs

Answer 6

Bactrim

Septra

Question 7

Penacillins

Answer 7

derived from mold fungus
bactericidal (ruptures cell wall)
usefull for gram +
many allergies (PCN or cephalosporins)
take on empty stomach

Question 8

drugs resistant to penicillinase

Answer 8

Unasyn
Augmentin
Zoysn

Question 9

examples of Penicillin drugs

Answer 9

Penicillin G
nafcillin
amoxicillin
Ampicillin

Question 10

Cephalosporins

Answer 10

synthetic derivatives structurally related to penicillin.
broad spectrum
bactericidal and bacteriostatic
not for PCN allergies
NO ALCOHOL (72 hours after)

Question 11

examples of cephalosporins

Answer 11

1st generation Kefzol
2nd Mefoxin
3rd Rocephin
4th Maxiprime

Question 12

Macrolides and ketolides

Answer 12

interfere with protein synth to prevent repro
bacteriostatic
empty stomach
alt to ceph and sulfa in case of allergy.

Question 13

Examples of macrolides and ketolides

Answer 13

(ZEB)
Zithromax
Erythromycin
Biaxin

Question 14

Tetracyclines

Answer 14

Bacteriostatic 
broad spectrum
semisynthetic based on soil molds
safe for PCN allergies
prevents repro
binds Ca, Mg, Al
not for children under 8 preg/ lact (teeth)
alternative birth control
sunscreen 
no dairy (dec abs)

Question 15

Aminoglycosides

Answer 15

POTENT bactericidal drugs
used for gram -
damages Cell wall
ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity 
neurotoxicity

Question 16

Examples of Aminoglycosides

Answer 16

Gentamycin
Neomycin
Streptomycin
Tobramycin

Question 17

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 17

POTENT drugs for severe infections
broad spectrum
Damages DNA
not for children under 18 (colhetles tendon rupture)
NO Ca or Mg supplements within 1 hour of taking.

Question 18

Vancomycin

Answer 18

USED FOR MRSA
gram +
thrombophlebitis
IV infusion slowly (60 min)
peaks 1-2 hours after completing infusion
PEAK 50 mcg/ml
trough 15-20 mcg/ml
toxicity causes hearing loss and kidney damage.

Question 19

Synercid

Answer 19

for VRE
given IV
only with D5W
SE: arthralgia, myalgia, thrombophlebitis