Ch 2 terms (test 1) Flashcards
Agonist
A drug that binds to and stimulated the activity of one or more receptors in the body
Antagonist, Inhibitor
A drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the body.
Bioavailability
A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and rout (%).
chemical name
the name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug.
Cytochrome P-450
The general name for a large class of enzymes that play a significant role in drug metabolism.
Dependence
A state in which there is a compulsive or chronic need for the drug.
Drug
any CHEMICAL that affects the physiologic process of a living organism
First-pass effect
the initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream.
generic name, nonproprietary name
the name given to a drug by the united states adopted names council. (no trademark)
Half-life
in pharmacokinetics, the time required for half of an administered dose of drug to be eliminated by the body, or the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50%.
Onset of action
the time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response after dosing.
Peak effect
the time required for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body.
Peak level
the maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Pharmacodynamics (2)
The study of the biochemical and physiologic interactions of drugs at their sites of activity. It examines the physicochemical properties of drugs and their pharmacologic interactions with body receptors.
Pharmacognosy (4)
The study of drugs that are obtained from natural plant and animal sources.
Pharmacokinetics (1)
The rate of drug distribution among various body compartments after a drug has entered the body. It includes the phases of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.
Pharmacotherapeutics (3)
The treatment of pathologic conditions through the use of drugs.
Receptor
A molecular structure within or on the outer surface of a cell. Receptors bind SPECIFIC substances, and one or more corresponding cellular effect occurs as a result of this drug-receptor interaction.
Steady state
The physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose.
Therapeutic effect
The desired or intended effect of a particular medication.
Tolerance
Reduced response to a drug after PROLONGED use (not addiction).
Toxicology (5)
The study of poisons, including toxic drug effects, and applicable treatments
Trade name, Proprietary name
The commercial name given to a drug product by its manufacturer.
Trough level
The lowest concentration of drug reached in the body afar it falls from its peak level, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring.
