Ch 2 terms (test 1)

Question 1

Agonist

Answer 1

A drug that binds to and stimulated the activity of one or more receptors in the body

Question 2

Antagonist, Inhibitor

Answer 2

A drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the body.

Question 3

Bioavailability

Answer 3

A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and rout (%).

Question 4

chemical name

Answer 4

the name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug.

Question 5

Cytochrome P-450

Answer 5

The general name for a large class of enzymes that play a significant role in drug metabolism.

Question 6

Dependence

Answer 6

A state in which there is a compulsive or chronic need for the drug.

Question 7

Drug

Answer 7

any CHEMICAL that affects the physiologic process of a living organism

Question 8

First-pass effect

Answer 8

the initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream.

Question 9

generic name, nonproprietary name

Answer 9

the name given to a drug by the united states adopted names council. (no trademark)

Question 10

Half-life

Answer 10

in pharmacokinetics, the time required for half of an administered dose of drug to be eliminated by the body, or the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50%.

Question 11

Onset of action

Answer 11

the time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response after dosing.

Question 12

Peak effect

Answer 12

the time required for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body.

Question 13

Peak level

Answer 13

the maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring.

Question 14

Pharmacodynamics (2)

Answer 14

The study of the biochemical and physiologic interactions of drugs at their sites of activity. It examines the physicochemical properties of drugs and their pharmacologic interactions with body receptors.

Question 15

Pharmacognosy (4)

Answer 15

The study of drugs that are obtained from natural plant and animal sources.

Question 16

Pharmacokinetics (1)

Answer 16

The rate of drug distribution among various body compartments after a drug has entered the body. It includes the phases of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.

Question 17

Pharmacotherapeutics (3)

Answer 17

The treatment of pathologic conditions through the use of drugs.

Question 18

Receptor

Answer 18

A molecular structure within or on the outer surface of a cell. Receptors bind SPECIFIC substances, and one or more corresponding cellular effect occurs as a result of this drug-receptor interaction.

Question 19

Steady state

Answer 19

The physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose.

Question 20

Therapeutic effect

Answer 20

The desired or intended effect of a particular medication.

Question 21

Tolerance

Answer 21

Reduced response to a drug after PROLONGED use (not addiction).

Question 22

Toxicology (5)

Answer 22

The study of poisons, including toxic drug effects, and applicable treatments

Question 23

Trade name, Proprietary name

Answer 23

The commercial name given to a drug product by its manufacturer.

Question 24

Trough level

Answer 24

The lowest concentration of drug reached in the body afar it falls from its peak level, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring.

Question 25

Absorption

Answer 25

process from entering human body until it is in the blood stream

Question 26

bioavailability

Answer 26

measures the amount of drug that has absorbed into the circulation.

Question 27

injection absorption rates

Answer 27

fastest:Intravenous (bypasses absorption for an immediate response)
Intramuscular: greater w/clear sol and in deltoid
Subcutaneous: massaging increases abs
Slowest: Intradermal

Question 28

factors affecting abs

Answer 28

1. stomach dissolve (right side)
2. stomach contents ( fat slows)
3. sm intestine content
4. exercise
5. Pain
6. motility

Question 29

oral formulation absorption

Fastest and slowest

Answer 29

FASTEST
sublingual; 3 min
SLOWEST
Enteric coating: dissolves in basic pH of LOWER small intestine. Contains caustic meds that could cause damage to stomach.

Question 30

Distribution

Answer 30

way in which drugs that have been absorbed are TRANSPORTED by body fluids to their site of action (target) organ. dependent on plasma proteins that carry the drug.

Question 31

metabolism, biotransformation

Answer 31

the way in which drugs are inactivated by the body into an inactive metabolite (water sol). LIVER

Question 32

Excretion

Answer 32

the elimination of a drug from the body. KIDNEY (biliary and lungs)

Question 33

duration of action

Answer 33

length of time that drug concentration is sufficient in the blood to produce a therapeutic response

Question 34

enzyme interaction

Answer 34

drug interacts with enzyme and inhibits action

Question 35

non selective interactions

Answer 35

alters cell membrane or the metabolic processes of the cell KILL CELL

Question 36

adverse drug reaction

Answer 36

any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages.

Question 37

teratogen

Answer 37

drug that causes birth deformity in unborn fetus

Question 38

incompatibility

Answer 38

2 parenteral drugs react when mixed resulting in deterioration of at least one.

Question 39

Intraarticular

Answer 39

within a joint

Question 40

Intrathecal

Answer 40

within a sheath (spinal chord)