Ch 47+48 (test 12)

Question 1

Nadir

Answer 1

term used to identify the lowest level of WBC’s in the blood.

Question 2

Cell-cycle specific

Answer 2

drugs that damage or destroy cancer cells during a specific cell cycle phase (no effectiveness on dormant cells)

Question 3

Cell cycle non-specific

Answer 3

kill cancer cells in any phase of the cell cycle.

Question 4

types of neoplastic drugs

Answer 4

1. anti-metabolites
2. mitotic inhibitors
3. Antineoplastic enzymes
4. alkylating agents
5. antitumor antibiotics
6. hormonal antineoplastics

Question 5

antimetabolites

Answer 5

displace metabolites necessary for growth of rapidly growing cancer cells
cell cycle specific
folic acid analog: interferes w/ DNA and RNA
given in combination (or resistance might dev)

Question 6

Paired drugs mainly for leukemia

Answer 6

Methotrexate (antimetabolite drug)

Leucovorin rescue

Question 7

Methotrexate

Answer 7

antimetabolite drug

used for leukemia, psoriasis and RA

Question 8

Leucovorin rescue

Answer 8

given with methotrexate and for 72 hours after to rescue the normal cells from the adverse effects of methotrexate. It is a form of folic acid.

Question 9

Allopurinal

Answer 9

drug given (with antimetabolites?) for hyperuricemia that occurs when cancer cell is destroyed.

Question 10

Miotic inhibitors

Answer 10

1. kill cancer cells during cell division (cell cycle SPECIFIC)
2. retards cancer cell division
3. Natural
4. best with RAPDLY dividing cells
5. best for SOLID tumors

Question 11

2 examples of miotic inhibitors

Answer 11

Vincristine; vinca alkaloid

Taxol: BrCa, Ov, lung, and Kaposi

Question 12

Antineoplastic enzymes

Answer 12

1. synthesized from bacteria cultures
2. used for acute lymphocytic leukemia
3. cell cycle SPECIFIC
4. SE: PANCREATIC FUNCTION IMPAIRMENT

Question 13

Examples of antineoplastic enzymes

Answer 13

Elspar, Oncospar

Question 14

alkylating agents

Answer 14

1. cytotoxic by disrupting DNA
2. Non specific (affects dormant cells)
3. SLOWER growing cells
4. contra in bone marrow suppressed

Question 15

Examples of alkylating agents

Answer 15

Leukeran, Cisplatin

Question 16

Antineoplastic “antibiotics”

Answer 16

1. interferes with DNA causing death
2. more toxic to RAPIDLY dividing cells
3. Non-specific
4. Interchelation (inserts between bp of DNA)
5. IV or IM not PO

Question 17

examples of antineoplastic drugs

Answer 17

Adriamycin: usually paired with zinecard

Question 18

zinecard

Answer 18

a cardioprotective chelating agent that interferes with the cardiotoxic effects that occur with adriamycin. given IV 30 min before the administration of Adriamycin.

Question 19

Hormone and hormone modulators

Answer 19

1. Given to cancer cells that are sensitive to hormone stimulation
2. blocks hormone receptor sites to prevent cancer growth
3. also might block release of gonadotrophic hormones.

Question 20

examples of hormone and hormone modulators

Answer 20

1. tamoxifen (nolvadex); prevention of breast cancer in high risk patients SS: menopause and vision problems
2. Eulexin: treatment of prostate cancer SS: impaired fertility and green urine.
3. lupron; for ADVANCED prostate cancer SS: bone pain hot flashes.

Question 21

leukopenia

Answer 21

decreased WBC less than 2000 indicates bone marrow suppression (normal is 5-10k)

Question 22

thrombocytopenia

Answer 22

decreased platelet count (less than 75,000 hold chemo)

Question 23

anemia

Answer 23

decreased RBC

Question 24

antiemetics examples

Answer 24

zofran
kytril
reglan
given 30-60 min before antineoplastic drugs